Asymptotic Normality for Plug-In Estimators of Generalized Shannon’s Entropy by Jialin Zhang, Jingyi Shi

“…Yet, it is only finitely defined for distributions with fast decaying tails on a countable alphabet. The unboundedness of Shannon’s entropy over the general class of all distributions on an alphabet prevents its potential utility from being fully realized. …”
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Передача специфических звуков марийского языка в памятниках письменности конца XVII — XVIII вв. [Transmission of Specific Speech Sounds of Mari in Monuments of Writing from the Lat... by Oleg Sergeev

“…The first writings appeared in the Latin alphabet. In these valuable sources, there is a fixation of letters unknown from the Russian graphic system. …”
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On the Axiomatizability of Impossible Futures by Taolue Chen, Wan Fokkink, Rob van Glabbeek

“…If the alphabet is finite, we prove that the inequational theories of BCCS modulo the concrete and weak impossible futures preorder lack such a finite basis.…”
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Generalized Mutual Information by Zhiyi Zhang

“…It is however only finitely defined for distributions in a subclass of the general class of all distributions on a joint alphabet. The unboundedness of mutual information prevents its potential utility from being extended to the general class. …”
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On the Non-Existence of Blockwise 2-Local PRGs with Applications to Indistinguishability Obfuscation by Lombardi, Alex, Vaikuntanathan, Vinod

“…In a nutshell, they require the existence of pseudo-random generators $G:\Sigma^n \to \{0,1\}^m$ for some $\mathsf{poly}(n)$-size alphabet $\Sigma$ where each output bit depends on at most two input alphabet symbols, and which achieve sufficiently large stretch. …”
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Evaluation of a phonological reading programme for children with Down Syndrome by Baylis, P, Snowling, M

“…The literacy programme targeted phonological skills at the onset-rime level, alphabet work, word analysis and whole word reading within the context of reading books. …”

Tower-type bounds for unavoidable patterns in words by Conlon, D, Fox, J, Sudakov, B

“…Bean, Ehrenfeucht and McNulty and, independently, Zimin characterised the patterns P which are unavoidable, in the sense that any sufficiently long word over a fixed alphabet contains P. Zimin’s characterisation says that a pattern is unavoidable if and only if it is contained in a Zimin word, where the Zimin words are defined by Z1 = x1 and Zn = Zn−1xnZn−1. …”

An upper bound on the convergence rate of a second functional in optimal sequence alignment by Hauser, R, Matzinger, H, Popescu, I

“…Consider finite sequences X[1,n] = X1,...,Xn and Y[1,n] = Y1,...,Yn of length n, consisting of i.i.d. samples of random letters from a finite alphabet, and let S and T be chosen i.i.d. randomly from the unit ball in the space of symmetric scoring functions over this alphabet augmented by a gap symbol. …”

An Extension of DNA Splicing Systems by Yuhani, Yusof, Nor Haniza, Sarmin, Mazri, Mahmud, T., Elizabeth Goode, Fong, Wan Heng

“…This model consists of a finite alphabet, a finite set of initial strings over the alphabet, and a finite set of rules that act upon the strings by iterated cutting and pasting, generating new strings. …”
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The Semiotics of Rumi’s Literal Attitudes in Shams-e Tabrizi Divan by Morteza Heydari

“…Through the excessive application of pictorial and compounding qualities of the alphabet letters, Rumi has versified very beautiful poems in his Divan, Shams-e Tabrizi. …”
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Existential Definability over the Subword Ordering by Pascal Baumann, Moses Ganardi, Ramanathan S. Thinniyam, Georg Zetzsche

“…We study first-order logic (FO) over the structure consisting of finite words over some alphabet $A$, together with the (non-contiguous) subword ordering. …”
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Permainan Edukasi sebagai Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris bagi Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah by Maulida Fairuz Salsabila, Irma Nur Af'idah, M. Sofyan Alnashr

“…This study aims to develop educational games based on power point as a learning media for grade 1 students of MI Al-Hikmah Kajen on English alphabet material. The type of research used is R & D (Research and Development) model Borg and Gall. …”
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$S$-constrained random matrices by Sylvain Gravier, Bernard Ycart

“…Let $S$ be a set of $d$-dimensional row vectors with entries in a $q$-ary alphabet. A matrix $M$ with entries in the same $q$-ary alphabet is $S$-constrained if every set of $d$ columns of $M$ contains as a submatrix a copy of the vectors in $S$, up to permutation. …”
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Representaciones del espacio interior e intimidad espiritual en los tratados de tres franciscanos recogidos (Francisco de Osuna, Bernabé de Palma y Bernardino de Laredo) by Estelle Garbay-Velázquez

“…We shall intend to describe and define such spiritual intimacy, through the examination of the different representations of this inner space (words, images, symbols), basing ourselves on the works of three famous Franciscan teachers of the “recogimiento”, composed in Castilian language: The Spiritual Alphabet by Francisco de Osuna (the Third Spiritual Alphabet, 1527, and the Law of Love, 1530), the Via Spiritus by Bernabé de Palma (1532) and The Ascent of Mount Sion by Bernardino de Laredo (1535).…”
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NOTES ON THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN YENISEI AND MONGOLIA INSCRIPTIONS BASED ON VOCABULARY by Erhan Aydın

“…After the decipherment of the letters in this alphabet by Thomsen, researches mostly focused on the Mongolian area, and attempts were also made to read these inscriptions. …”
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On universal partial words by Herman Z. Q. Chen, Sergey Kitaev, Torsten Mütze, Brian Y. Sun

“…A universal word for a finite alphabet $A$ and some integer $n\geq 1$ is a word over $A$ such that every word in $A^n$ appears exactly once as a subword (cyclically or linearly). …”
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Search Algorithms for the Combinatorial Generation of Bordered Box Repetition-Free Words by Trienko Grobler, Manfred Habeck, Lynette van Zijl, Jaco Geldenhuys

“…Four existing search algorithms are adapted to search for long bordered box repetition-free words over a given alphabet, giving an empirical result on the upper bound of the length of these words. …”
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O potrzebie ujednolicenia sposobów transliteracji imion i nazwisk białoruskich w Polsce by Radosław Kaleta

“…It discusses the most common variants of the Belarusian alphabet transliteration, both international and Belarusian, as well as Polish transcription. …”
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Pembelajaran Membaca dan Menulis Melalui Penggunaan Bahasa Ibu di SDN 153 Rejang Lebong by Yeni Kartika, Maria Botifar, Muksal Mina Putra

“…The results of the study, the first step in learning to read the mother tongue is to introduce letters of the alphabet, string words, read aloud, read sentences, read self-identity, and distinguish letters of the alphabet. …”
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Recurrent neural network with backpropagation through time for speech recognition by Ahmad, A. M., Ismail, S., Samaon, D. F.

“…The aim of the study was to observe the differences in the 29 letters of the Arabic alphabet from "alif" to "ya". The purpose of this research is to upgrade the knowledge and understanding of Arabic alphabet or words using a fully-connected recurrent neural network (FCRNN) and backpropagation through time (BPTT) learning algorithm. …”
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