Multidendritic sensory neurons in the adult <it>Drosophila </it>abdomen: origins, dendritic morphology, and segment- and age-dependent programmed cell death by Sugimura Kaoru, Hattori Yukako, Sato Motohiko, Yamamoto-Kochi Misato, Tsuyama Taiichi, Fujimoto Azusa, Shimono Kohei, Usui Tadao, Kimura Ken-ichi, Uemura Tadashi

“…<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>For the establishment of functional neural circuits that support a wide range of animal behaviors, initial circuits formed in early development have to be reorganized. …”
Get full text

The role of sex and ovarian hormones in hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits induced by chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia by Dongyong Zhu, Mengdi Zhang, Bo He, Yixuan Wan, Lei Wang, Fabao Gao

“…PurposeThis study aims to investigate the role of sex and ovarian hormones in hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits and behavioral dysfunction in rats induced by chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia.MethodsSix-week-old male and female SD rats were housed for 3 months either in a real altitude (4,250 m) environment as the model of chronic hypobaric-hypoxia (CHH) or in a plain as controls. The animal behavioral and hippocampal neurons at subcellular, molecular, and ultrastructural levels were characterized after CHH exposure.ResultsAfter 3 months of CHH exposure, (1) male CHH rats’ serum testosterone level was lower than male controls’ whereas female CHH rats’ serum estradiol level was higher than female controls’; (2) Morris water maze test finds that male rats showed more learning and spatial memory deficits than female rats; (3) male rats showed more severe hippocampal damage, hippocampal inflammation, oxidative stress and decreased hippocampal integrity (neurogenesis and dendritic spine density) than female rats; (4) Western blot analysis shows that, compared with the male control group, in male CHH group’s hippocampus, expression of nNOS, HO-1, and Bax protein increased whereas that of Bcl-2 protein decreased; (5) Expression of PON2 protein in male rats (CHH and controls) was lower than female rats (CHH and controls). …”
Get full text

The Power of a Positive Human–Animal Relationship for Animal Welfare by Jean-Loup Rault, Susanne Waiblinger, Xavier Boivin, Paul Hemsworth

“…We highlight implications for current practices and suggest simple solutions, such as paying attention to the animal's behavioral response to humans and providing choice and control to the animal in terms of when and how to interact with humans. …”
Get full text

Representações sociais dos moradores da Baía de Camamu sobre o Filo Porifera Social representations of Camamu Bay, Brazil, inhabitants of the Phylum Porífera by Loyana Docio, Júlio César Castilho Razera, Ulisses dos Santos Pinheiro

“…The gathered data was organized into categories that outlined a profile of knowledge that includes characteristics such as seasonality, animism, behavior, classification, physiology, and anthropic utility.…”
Get full text

Influence of Diazepino[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivative (DAB-19) on behavioral aspects of animals by Dmitriy V. Maltsev, Alexander A. Spasov, Mikhail V. Miroshnikov, Maria O. Skripka, Ludmila N. Divaeva

“…In the present study, compound DAB-19 was screened for its influence on animals` behavior patterns, such as aggression, obsessive-compulsive behavior, emotional lability, and unsociability. …”
Get full text

Development of a Sensitive and Specific Quantitative RT-qPCR Method for the Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Porcine Liver and Foodstuff by Jan Bernd Hinrichs, Antonia Kreitlow, Madeleine Plötz, Ulrich Schotte, Paul Becher, Nele Gremmel, Roger Stephan, Nicole Kemper, Amir Abdulmawjood

Get full text

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells' Secretome Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in a Parkinson's Disease Rat Model by Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro, Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro, Sandra I. Anjo, Bruno Manadas, Jorge D. Da Silva, Jorge D. Da Silva, Ana Marote, Ana Marote, Leo A. Behie, Fábio G. Teixeira, Fábio G. Teixeira, António J. Salgado, António J. Salgado

“…This work demonstrates that the injection of hBMSCs secretome led to the rescue of DA neurons, when compared to transplantation of hBMSCs themselves, which can explain the recovery of secretome-injected animals' behavioral performance in the staircase test. Moreover, we observed that hBMSCs secretome induces higher levels of in vitro neuronal differentiation. …”
Get full text

A satellite perspective on the movement decisions of African elephants in relation to nomadic pastoralists by Isla Duporge, Genevieve E. Finerty, Festus Ihwagi, Stephen Lee, Jane Wathika, Zijing Wu, David W. Macdonald, Tiejun Wang

“…Given the rise in human settlements, understanding the consequences of animals' behavioral adjustments is critical to understand the long‐term population viability of elephant populations.…”
Get full text

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation of motor cortical areas in freely-moving awake rats by Wonhye Lee, Phillip Croce, Ryan W. Margolin, Amanda Cammalleri, Kyungho Yoon, Seung-Schik Yoo

“…Post-tFUS monitoring of animal behaviors and histological analysis performed on the brain did not reveal any abnormalities after the repeated tFUS sessions. …”
Get full text

Site fidelity and behavioral plasticity regulate an ungulate’s response to extreme disturbance by Samantha E.S. Kreling, Kaitlyn M. Gaynor, Alex McInturff, Kendall L. Calhoun, Justin S. Brashares

“…The ability of animal populations to survive these stochastic events depends on how individual animals respond to their altered environments, yet our understanding of the immediate and short‐term behavioral responses of animals to acute disturbances remains poor. We focused on animal behavioral responses to the environmental disturbance created by megafire. …”
Get full text

Dysfunction of EAAT3 Aggravates LPS-Induced Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction by Xiao-Yan Wang, Wen-Gang Liu, Ai-Sheng Hou, Yu-Xiang Song, Yu-Long Ma, Xiao-Dong Wu, Jiang-Bei Cao, Wei-Dong Mi

“…Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze 24 h following the LPS microinjection. Animal behavioral tests, as well as pathological and biochemical assays, were performed to clarify the role of EAAT3 function in POCD and evaluate the effect of activating the EAAT3 function by riluzole. …”
Get full text

The Importance of Evaluating Positive Welfare Characteristics and Temperament in Working Therapy Dogs by Sharmaine L. Miller, James A. Serpell, Kathryn R. Dalton, Kaitlin B. Waite, Daniel O. Morris, Laurel E. Redding, Nancy A. Dreschel, Meghan F. Davis, Meghan F. Davis

“…However, in assessing positive welfare, it is also critical to consider that all animal behavioral displays and physiological responses are dependent on the dog's individual (and breed) temperament. …”
Get full text

Returning a Shelter Dog: The Role of Owner Expectations and Dog Behavior by Lauren Powell, Brittany Lee, Chelsea L. Reinhard, Margaret Morris, Donya Satriale, James Serpell, Brittany Watson

“…In this study, we investigated the impact of adopter expectations for ownership and animal behavioral problems on post-adoptive dog returns at a large animal shelter in South Carolina. …”
Get full text

SIX-DAYS DYNAMICS ANXIETY INDEX OF FEMALE RATS WITH HIGH LEVEL OF ANXIETY IN BLOCKADE OF MAO-B by Denis R. Khusainov, Albina N. Lukyanceva, Natalya S. Tribrat, Elena A. Biryukova, Elena N. Chuyan, Ivan I. Korenyuk, Karine N. Tumanyants, Ekaterina V. Kashutina

“…The rats were divided into four groups of 12 animal units in each one, lately -2 control sets and 2 experimental one (blockade of MAO-B). The animal behavioral reactions were researched in two tests: “Open field” (circular, diameter 1m) and elevated plus-maze (EPM, standard sized for rats). …”
Get full text

Dose-response characteristics of methylphenidate on locomotor behavior and on sensory evoked potentials recorded from the VTA, NAc, and PFC in freely behaving rats by Swann Alan C, Yang Pamela B, Dafny Nachum

“…The mode of action of the brain circuitry responsible for initiating the animals' behavior in response to psychostimulants is not well understood. …”
Get full text

The ability of artisanal fishers to recognize the dolphins they cooperate with by Daiane S. X. da Rosa, Natalia Hanazaki, Maurício Cantor, Paulo C. Simões-Lopes, Fábio G. Daura-Jorge

“…Such positive interactions seem to require an intricate knowledge from the human side on the animals’ behavior and their habitat. In southern Brazil, dolphins and human net-casting fishers have specialized in a cooperative foraging, in which fishers report being able to identify and name dolphins. …”
Get full text

Prefrontal Dopaminergic Regulation of Cue-Guided Risky Decision-Making Performance in Rats by Minzhe Yang, Qiangpei Fu, Chaolin Ma, Baoming Li, Baoming Li

“…There are few studies on the neural basis of risky decision-making behavior guided by external cues, which is related to the relative paucity of animal behavioral paradigms. Previous studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in risk-based decision-making. …”
Get full text

Spontaneous intersibling polymorphism in the development of dopaminergic neuroendocrine cells in sea urchin larvae: impacts on the expansion of marine benthic species by Alexandra L. Obukhova, Marina Yu. Khabarova, Marina N. Semenova, Viktor V. Starunov, Viktor V. Starunov, Elena E. Voronezhskaya, Evgeny G. Ivashkin, Evgeny G. Ivashkin

“…IntroductionThe plasticity of the nervous system plays a crucial role in shaping adaptive neural circuits and corresponding animal behaviors. Understanding the mechanisms underlying neural plasticity during development and its implications for animal adaptation constitutes an intriguing area of research. …”
Get full text

Environmental Impoverishment, Aging, and Reduction in Mastication Affect Mouse Innate Repertoire to Explore Novel Environments and to Assess Risk by Fabíola de Carvalho Chaves de Siqueira Mendes, Fabíola de Carvalho Chaves de Siqueira Mendes, Luisa Taynah Vasconcelos Barbosa da Paixão, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz, Marcia Consentino Kronka Sosthenes

“…Under each diet regimen, half of the individuals were raised in standard cages [impoverished environment (IE)] and the other half in enriched cages [enriched environment (EE)]. Animals behavior on the open field (OF) task were recorded by webcam and analyzed with Any Maze software (Stöelting). …”
Get full text

CRISPR/Cas9 based gene editing of Frizzled class receptor 6 (FZD6) reveals its role in depressive symptoms through disrupting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by Haijun Han, Mengxiang Xu, Ju Wang, Ming D. Li, Zhongli Yang

“…The expression of key genes and proteins in Wnt/β-catenin pathway was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Animal behavioral tests, including open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EPM), forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and sucrose preference test (SPT), were employed to determine anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. …”
Get full text