The Evolution of Ijtihad in Imam Khomeini's Thought and Its Effect on Selection of Leadership Successor by Saeed Shahoseini, Ghodratollah Rahmani

“…For most jurists, Ijtihad means extracting sharia law from the sources of sharia, which requires mastery of sciences such as Arabic literature, logic, theology, hadith and jurisprudence. …”
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Affix not clitic-based vowel shortening in modern Arabic varieties by Lindsay-Smith, E

“…Some of the shortening processes have been linked to the clitic/affix distinction in the Arabic literature. In this paper, I discuss two vowel shortening processes, CSS-Morph and CSS-Phon, that are often conflated as the same Closed Syllable Shortening process. …”

INhilism in the poetry of Andalusiat poetry by Wafa'a Juma'a

“…By this they filled apage of the Arabic literature pages, which were named as inhilism. …”
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Function of mind fluid flow in Short Story Ela An Naoud "إلی أن نعود" by Ghassan Kanfani. [In Persian] by Mafakheri Farhang, Zohreh Naimi, Bahman Jahangiri

“…Ghassan Kanfani is one of the first pioneers of this genre in Arabic literature. Ghassan wrote the story Ela An Naoud "إلي أن نعود" in 1957, which penetrates deep into the unconscious during the course of self-awareness. …”
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The Criticism Concept of Arabic Poetry in Ibn Qutaibah and Ibn Sallam Al-Jumahi Perspectives by NDR. Ayu Nurdiana, Tatik Mariyatut Tasnimah, Ghazali bin Zainuddin, Moh. Wakhid Hidayat

“…The historical and cultural context in which these two scholars were writing is also considered in order to better understand their views on poetry criticism and how they reflect broader trends in Arabic literature. The data obtained are from books by the two critics, Al-Shi'r wa Al-Shu'ara and Tabaqat Fuhul As-Shu'ara. …”
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INhilism in the poetry of Andalusiat poetry by وفاء جمعة

“…By this they filled apage of the Arabic literature pages, which were named as inhilism. …”
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Ibn Aʿtham and His History by Lawrence I. Conrad

“…Conrad himself wrote a brief entry for The Routledge Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature [London and New York: Routledge, 1998, 314], summarizing his findings and arguing that Ibn Aʿtham flourished in the early third/ninth century. …”
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On the question of gambling in giving prizes to the holders of savings certificates: an Islamic analysis on Malaysian practice by Md. Sawari, Mohd. Fuad, Hassan, Razi, Abdullah, Faruk

“…It relies on the classical and contemporary Arabic literatures as well the Malay and English literatures. …”
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Critical reading of Gibran's world in The Prophet by Al-Khazraji, Nidaa Hussain Fahmi, Abdullah, Mardziah Hayati, Wong, Bee Eng

“…He was a key figure in the history of modern EnglishandArabic literature in early 20th Century.The present paper is to show how Gibran represents the world and undesirable social practices in the time of writing his greatest book The Prophet (1923). …”
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The Discrete and Irregular Rhetorical Effects Of Huruf Jarrah (Prepositions): A Case Study by Habib Ullah Khan, Bakht Zubair, Syed Abdul Salam Bacha

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A Comparative Study of Ibn Shahr Ashub's Commentary-Theological Standpoint with Those of Theological Schools in His Book "Motashabeh al-Quran" (Metaphorical Expressions in the Qura... by محمد صادق حیدری, زینب السادات حسینی, سید علی اکبر ربیع نتاج

“…The results show that he has studied and criticized the views of other theological schools with reference to "the judgement of reason, Quranic verses, hadiths, Arabic literature and historical documents".…”
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Naturalistic understanding of the novel "Bain ALqasrain" by Najib Mahfouz by Mahmood Heidari

“…It is concluded that the overwhelming expression of naturalistic principles, such as the influence of the environment, inheritance, blood and temper on the lives of the characters of the novel, has made it one of the few naturalist works in the Arabic literature. An important point, however, is the traditional and Eastern orientation of the novel in dealing with sacraments and supernatural issues which has made naturalist Najib different from Western naturalists. …”
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Development of Electronic Book (ebook) based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs) for Learning Tathbiq Nahwi Ibtida'i in Higher Education by Moh. Fauzan, Muhammad Alfan, Hanik Mahliatussikah, Moch Wahib Dariyadi

“…This ebook product was tested on ten Department of Arabic Literature, the State University of Malang students taking the course—data collection techniques through interviews and observation. …”
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Time in the Quran story Psychological time: Case Study by Ahmed Yasouf, Yasser Abd al- Rahim, Fatema Ayoubi

“…Then the research moves on to reveal the time psychology in Arabic Literature and it begins with poetry. It displays some lines of verse that illustrate the sense of time, and then it clarifies the meaning of time psychology in the new narrative studies. …”
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A Critique of Printed Version of Tabarestan History by h Darzi Ramandi

“…Tabarestan history is a very valuable book full of historical and geographical issues, Persian and Arabic literature, etymology and philology, science of dignitaries, tales, Shiite studies etc, and covers a vast range of studies especially it is a unique book with regard to historical and literary tales about the liberalist movements which have been leaded by great figures entitled as âSeyedâ. …”
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Translating Race in the Islamic Studies Classroom by Rachel Schine

“…I offer guided readings of nine Arabic texts in translation from two major press series—Penguin Classics and the Library of Arabic Literature—that lend themselves to classroom use, in which I demonstrate how to foster reading with race in mind. …”
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Time in the Quran story Psychological time: Case Study by أحمد ياسوف, ياسر عبد الرحيم, فاطمة أيوبي

“…Then the research moves on to reveal the time psychology in Arabic Literature and it begins with poetry. It displays some lines of verse that illustrate the sense of time, and then it clarifies the meaning of time psychology in the new narrative studies. …”
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An Epistle on Penmanship. Translated from Arabic with commentary by M.S. Palenko by Hayyan al-Tawhidi Abu, Mikhail S. Palenko

“…As one of those who popularized knowledge, an encyclopedist, an unrivaled master of style and a Mu’tazilite scholar Al-Tawḥīdi, using Adab literature, shares all that was known to him about this form of Arabic literature up until its compilation. In an elegant manner, he reveals its secrets, gives us valuable recommendations, and conveys the universal admiration of the famous sages, writers, scribes, and court secretaries of that time. …”
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قضية اللفظ و المعني عند نقّاد بني الأحمر The issue of pronunciation and meaning among critics of Beni Al-Ahmar by سبحان کاوسي Sobhan Kavousi, علي رضا حسيني Alireza Hosseini, علي باقر طاهري نيا Alibagher Taheiniya

“…Criticism is the distinction between mistake and which is present in Arabic literature from ancient eras. when the Nābighah al-Dhubyānī to choose the best poetry and poets and to compare it in this critique is the literary taste. …”
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Nourishing the Noble: Breastfeeding and Hero-Making in Medieval Arabic Popular Literature by Rachel Schine

“…This essay examines the role of nursing experiences in the formation of popular heroes in Arabic literature of the medieval period, with a primary focus on the genres of siyar shaʿbiyya and qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ. …”
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