Micronucleus Assay: An Early Diagnostic Tool to Assess Genotoxic Changes in Patients with Tobacco Use, Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Submucous Fibrosis by Moulshree Kohli, Puneet Ahuja, Monica Mehendiratta, Mohit Sharma, Jahnobi Dutta

“…Aim: To compare the MNi frequency in normal mucosa, in individuals using various tobacco forms without oral leukoplakia, individuals using various tobacco forms with oral leukoplakia, and areca nut chewers with OSMF, using three different stains. …”
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Arecoline activates latent transforming growth factor β1 via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in buccal fibroblasts: Suppression by epigallocatechin-3-gallate by Yu-Ping Hsieh, King-Jean Wu, Hsin-Ming Chen, Yi-Ting Deng

“…Background/Purpose: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a premalignant condition caused by the chewing of areca nut (AN). Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of OSF. …”
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Quid-Induced Lichenoid Reactions: A Prevalence Study by Vishal Dang, Madhav Nagpal

“…All these subjects were users of ′Gutka′, a unique chewable variant of tobacco quid containing areca nut and catechu. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between quid habit and lesion occurrence (p < 0.005).…”
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New Scenarios in Pharmacological Treatments of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas by Cristina Porcheri, Thimios A. Mitsiadis

“…Mostly, HNSCC develops in the oral cavity, and its development is associated with tobacco and areca nut/betel quid usage, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection. …”
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Trace Elements and Microbiological Analysis by Mansi Ankolekar, Freny Karjodkar

“…Hence, it is important to evaluate the precancerous potential of areca nut and it′s products and also it′s role in fibrosis.…”
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Oral submucous fibrosis in children and adolescents: Analysis of 36 cases by Chandramani Bhagwan More, Naman R Rao, Rahul Hegde, Rahi M Brahmbhatt, Ashish Shrestha, Gyanendra Kumar

“…The current article aims to bridge this gap by presenting unusual 36 cases of children and adolescents reported at the tertiary care hospital of Vadodara, Gujarat, India, with specific areca nut chewing habit and distinct features of OSMF. …”
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Cultural and dietary risk factors of oral cancer and precancer - a brief overview by Zain, R.B.

“…It is an overview on ethnic differences (where possible) and socio-cultural risk factors (tobacco/areca nut/betel quid, alcohol use and dietary factors) in relation to oral precancer and cancer. …”
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Prevalence of undiagnosed metabolic syndrome using three different definitions and identifying associated risk factors among apparently healthy adults in Karachi, Pakistan: a cross... by Syed Omair Adil, Kamarul Imran Musa, Fareed Uddin, Asima Khan, Irfanullah Khan, Areebah Shakeel, Kashif Shafique, Md Asiful Islam

“…A higher BMI, current smoking, areca nut use, and low physical activity were significant factors.…”
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miR-200c inhibits the arecoline-associated myofibroblastic transdifferentiation in buccal mucosal fibroblasts by Ming-Yi Lu, Cheng-Chia Yu, Pei-Yin Chen, Pei-Ling Hsieh, Chih-Yu Peng, Yi-Wen Liao, Chuan-Hang Yu, Kuo-Hua Lin

“…Conclusion: These findings suggest that downregulation of miR-200c in OSF may be involved in the pathogenesis of areca nut-associated OSF through regulation of ZEB1. …”
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Resveratrol inhibits arecoline-induced fibrotic properties of buccal mucosal fibroblasts via miR-200a activation by Hui-Wen Yang, Dennis Chun-Yu Ho, Heng-Yi Liao, Yi-Wen Liao, Chih-Yuan Fang, Min Yee Ng, Cheng-Chia Yu, Fu-Chen Lin

“…Background/purpose: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous lesion in the oral cavity, commonly results from the Areca nut chewing habit. Arecoline, the main component of Areca nut, is known to stimulate the activation of myofibroblasts, which can lead to abnormal collagen I deposition. …”
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E3 ligase carboxyl-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) suppresses fibrotic properties in oral mucosa by Shiuan-Chih Chen, Chia-Ming Liu, Pei-Ling Hsieh, Yi-Wen Liao, Yi-Mei Joy Lin, Cheng-Chia Yu, Chuan-Hang Yu

“…Background/purpose: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) represents a precancerous lesion of oral mucosa that may progress into oral cancer and its major etiological factor is areca nut chewing. Carboxyl-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) functions as an ubiquitin E3 ligase and is associated with fibrosis diseases. …”
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Contribution of Agroforestry Plants to Farmers' Income and Welfare by Wanderi ., Rommy Qurniati, Hari Kaskoyo

“…The results obtained from the 7 plant compositions identified, composition II with the main plants of banana and cacao and other types of plants are clove, chili, areca nut, soursop, mango, rambutan, durian, coconut, pecan, duku, jengkol, petai, avocado, nutmeg , breadfruit, sugar palm, bayur and cempaka; provide the highest income with an average income of Rp. 21,640,777/family/year but this income is still in a sufficient category and is only limited to meeting basic needs. …”
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Caries prevalence and DMF-T index of Papuan’s students with Betel chewing habit by Yohanes Tebai, Endang Sukartini, Ayu Trisna Hayati

“…Betel chewing habit is a chewing action of Areca nut (Areca Catechu Linn), Betel leaves (Piper Betel Folia), Betel fruit (Piper Betle Linn), lime talk (Calcium Hydroxide), and after chew to spent out of the mouth. …”
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Analysis of downregulated salivary proteins in oral submucous fibrosis – A quantitative proteomic pilot study by Anu Babu, Laxmikanth Chatra, Prashanth Shenoy

“…Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease of the oral cavity which is strongly associated with chewing of areca nut. The rate of malignant transformation varies between 3% and 19%. …”
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PENGOBATAN TRADISIONAL JAWA DALAM MANUSKRIP SERAT PRIMBON JAMPI JAWI by Hesti Mulyani, Sri Harti W, Venny Indria E

“…Second, the ingredients/medical prescriptions are in the form of: root (narcissus), wood/bark (sandalwood, kayu timur, and mesoyi), leaves (tamarind, lampes, and trawas), fruits (anise, chili, areca nut, and nutmeg), seeds (black cumin and coriander ), flowers (clove and apen), bulbs (garlic), and rhizomes (bengle, dlingo, and black curcuma). …”
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Tests for Evaluating the Efficacy of Phosphoric Acid Activated Charcoals from Two Biomasses by Abhijit S. Jadhav and Ravindra Nalawade

“…Adsorption of methylene blue involving Coulombic attraction towards the areca nut shell-derived activated charcoal could be predicted and confirmed based on the acetic acid number for the first time.…”
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THE MEANING OF TINGKA RITUALS IN SHIFTING CULTIVATION OF MUNA COMMUNITY SOUTHEAST SULAWESI, INDONESIA by La Ode Ali Basri, Akhmad Marhadi, Hisna ., Fatma ., Fetni .

“…The results showed that symbolically  the tingka ritual was the institutionalization of knowledge of land conservation through agro forestry patterns, namely by combining the planting of trees such as bamboo, areca nut, kapok with food and secondary crops. Ritual  tingka is a form of respect for nature to create a harmonious relationship between the microcosm and the  macrocosm, so that farmers are protected from various disasters. …”
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Recurrent oral submucous fibrosis with nil mouth opening surgical management and reconstruction with bilateral nasolabial flap: A case report and review of literature by Kamal Kanthan Ravikumar, U Nausath Khan, Priyadarshini, Karthik Ramakrishnan, S Nachiappan

“…It is associated with chewing of areca nut in betel quid. Mortality rate is significant because it transforms into oral squamous cell carcinoma at a rate of 2.3%–7.6%. …”
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Surgical management of recurrent oral submucous fibrosis (a collagen metabolic disorder due to the continuation of habitual factor) by split thickness skin graft from thigh: A clin... by Karthik Shunmugavelu, Kumaravel Subramaniam

“…Usage of betel quid with areca nut is commonly seen in South Asian population. …”
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Environmental Local Wisdom Represented in Communication Patterns of Batimbang Tando in Minangkabau’s Culture by Nugra Heni Adnania, Subiyanto Agus

“…The use of plants like Siriah (betel leaf) and Pinang (areca nut) to symbolize life in Pasambahan indicated that culture and environment could not be separated as they function to preserve harmonious relations between nature and cultural life.…”
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