Subjective experience, self-efficacy, and motivation of professional football referees during the COVID-19 pandemic by Fabio Richlan, J. Lukas Thürmer, Jeremias Braid, Patrick Kastner, Michael Christian Leitner

“…In addition, two players and one referee in the Austrian Football Bundesliga were interviewed retrospectively regarding their subjective experience during ghost games and the effects of emotions on behavior and performance using semi-structured, video-taped interviews. …”
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