The reduction of CO2e emissions in the transportation sector: Plug-in electric vehicles and biofuels by Jose R. Moreira, Sergio A. Pacca, Jose Goldemberg

“…Vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines running on renewable liquid fuels are less expensive than battery electric vehicles but its energy intensity by land area (MJ/ha) is low. …”
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Sustainable Development of the Automobile Industry in the United States, Europe, and Japan with Special Focus on the Vehicles’ Power Sources by Naoya Shigeta, Seyed Ehsan Hosseini

“…This includes battery electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell electric vehicles. …”
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IoB: Internet-of-batteries for electric Vehicles–Architectures, opportunities, and challenges by Heng Li, Muaaz Bin Kaleem, Zhijun Liu, Yue Wu, Weirong Liu, Zhiwu Huang

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Decoupling Emission Reductions and Trade-Offs of Policies in Norway Based on a Bottom-Up Traffic Emission Model by Henrik Grythe, Susana Lopez-Aparicio, Harald Høyem, Torleif Weydahl

“…Light vehicle CO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> emissions per kilometer have been reduced by 22% since 2009, mainly driven by an increasing bio-fuel mixing and battery electric vehicles (BEV) share. BEVs are mostly located in and around the main cities, areas with young vehicle fleets, and strong local incentives. …”
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The scope for improving the efficiency and environmental impact of internal combustion engines by Leach, F, Kalghatgi, G, Stone, R, Miles, P

“…Many alternatives including battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and other fuels like biofuels and hydrogen are being considered. …”

A data-driven greenhouse gas emission rate analysis for vehicle comparisons by Burton, T, Powers, S, Burns, C, Conway, G, Leach, F, Senecal, K

“…The technology focus in the automotive sector has moved toward battery electric vehicles (BEVs) over the last few years. This shift has been ascribed to the importance of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation to mitigate the effects of climate change. …”

Environmental and economic impact of electric vehicle adoption in the U.S by Zhenhua Chen, Andre L Carrel, Christina Gore, Wei Shi

“…Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have received increasing attention in recent years as BEV technical capabilities have rapidly developed. …”
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Fuel cell-based hybrid electric vehicles: An integrated review of current status, key challenges, recommended policies, and future prospects by Mohammad Waseem, Mohammad Amir, G. Sree Lakshmi, S. Harivardhagini, Mumtaz Ahmad

“…Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), whose exhaust pipes emit nothing, are examples of zero-emission automobiles. …”
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Renewable Energy and Decarbonization in the Canadian Mining Industry: Opportunities and Challenges by Mohamad Issa, Adrian Ilinca, Daniel R. Rousse, Loïc Boulon, Philippe Groleau

“…However, an in-depth examination reveals that the most formidable hurdles encompass successfully integrating renewable energy sources and battery electric vehicles. Financial constraints, logistical intricacies, and the imperative to enhance research and development competencies emerge as pivotal challenges that demand strategic addressing.…”
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Electrification of Urban Waste Collection: Introducing a Simulation-Based Methodology for Technical Feasibility, Impact and Cost Analysis by Ricardo Ewert, Alexander Grahle, Kai Martins-Turner, Anne Magdalene Syré, Kai Nagel, Dietmar Göhlich

“…And we are able to generate a suitable planning to handle Berlin’s waste collection demand using battery electric vehicles only. The TCO calculation reveals that the electrification raises the total operator cost by 16–30%, depending on the scenario and the battery size with conservative assumptions. …”
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Influence of Different Data Interpolation Methods for Sparse Data on the Construction Accuracy of Electric Bus Driving Cycle by Xingxing Wang, Peilin Ye, Yelin Deng, Yinnan Yuan, Yu Zhu, Hongjun Ni

“…Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are one of the most promising new energy models for industrialization and marketization at this stage, which is an important way to solve the current urban haze air pollution, high fuel cost and sustainable development of the automobile industry. …”
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Band-Gap Engineering: Lithium Effect on the Electronic Properties of Hydrogenated 3C-SiC (1 1 0) Surfaces by Jose Luis Cuevas, Miguel Ojeda Martinez, Saravana Prakash Thirumuruganandham

“…Silicon carbide has structural strength, high electronic conductivity, low diffusion barrier and high storage capacity, which are suitable for engineering applications such as lithium-ion batteries, electric vehicles, uninterruptible power supplies and SiC diodes. …”
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Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Based on Reinforcement Learning for Heavy-Duty BEVs by Matteo Acquarone, Federico Miretti, Daniela Misul, Luca Sassara

“…This study proposes a novel approach for cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) based on the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm (TD3) for heavy duty battery electric vehicles (BEVs). CACC is an advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that exploits vehicle connectivity to bring new advantages to cruise control technologies. …”
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Optimized Design of a H₂-Powered Moped for Urban Mobility by Gabriele Loreti, Alessandro Rosati, Ilaria Baffo, Stefano Ubertini, Andrea Luigi Facci

“…In this scenario, fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles have several advantages over state-of-the-art battery electric vehicles, such as increased driving ranges and reduced recharge times. …”
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Which Policies and Factors Drive Electric Vehicle Use in Nepal? by Laxman Prasad Ghimire, Yeonbae Kim, Nawa Raj Dhakal

“…Notably, the study highlights that a reduction in the purchase price exerts the most significant influence on increasing consumers’ likelihood of adopting battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). …”
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Total Cost of Ownership of Light Commercial Electrical Vehicles in City Logistics by Ewelina Sendek-Matysiak, Dariusz Pyza, Zbigniew Łosiewicz, Wojciech Lewicki

“…Especially worthy of note amongst those initiatives are those which are concentrated on the implementation of BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicles). The authors of this paper have compared selected vehicles of the same brand and the same manufacturer, with the only difference being their N1 category power source (commercial vehicles with GVW of up to 3.5 tonnes), that are commonly used for the distribution of goods in urban conditions. …”
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Comparative Analysis of Simulation Methodologies for Spindle Pumps by Pasquale Borriello, Emma Frosina, Pierpaolo Lucchesi, Adolfo Senatore

“…Spindle pumps, renowned for their reliability, efficiency, and low noise emission, play a pivotal role in Thermal Management for Battery Electric Vehicles, aligning with the automotive industry’s commitment to reducing pollutants and CO₂ emissions. …”
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The Effectiveness of HEVs Phase-Out by 2035 in Favor of BEVs with Respect to the Production of CO₂ Emissions: The Italian Case by Francesca Maria Grimaldi, Pietro Capaldi

“…The EU has planned the phase-out of new vehicles based on internal combustion engines in favor of high-efficiency battery electric vehicles (BEV) by 2035 (Fit for 55 package). …”
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Sector Coupling through Vehicle to Grid: A Case Study for Electric Vehicles and Households in Berlin, Germany by Florian Straub, Otto Maier, Dietmar Göhlich, Kai Strunz

“…Vehicle to grid (V2G) can be used to store excess renewable energy in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and feed it back into the electric grid when needed. …”
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Scenarios to Decarbonize Austria’s Energy Consumption and the Role of Underground Hydrogen Storage by Marcel Clemens, Torsten Clemens

“…The largest incremental potential is PV, with agrivoltaic systems significantly increasing the area amenable for PV compared with PV usage only. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) and Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV) use energy more efficiently than Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) cars; however, the use of hydrogen for electricity generation significantly decreases the efficiency due to electricity–hydrogen–electricity conversion. …”
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