Multiple gene variants linked to Alzheimer's-type clinical dementia via GWAS are also associated with non-Alzheimer's neuropathologic entities by Yuriko Katsumata, Lincoln M. Shade, Timothy J. Hohman, Julie A. Schneider, David A. Bennett, Jose M. Farfel, Walter A. Kukull, David W. Fardo, Peter T. Nelson

“…The classic pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (AD neuropathologic changes, or ADNC). However, brains from individuals clinically diagnosed with “AD-type” (amnestic) dementia usually harbor heterogeneous neuropathologies in addition to, or other than, ADNC. …”
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Exploratory Analysis of Serial ¹⁸F-fluciclovine PET-CT and Multiparametric MRI during Chemoradiation for Glioblastoma by Kavi Fatania, Russell Frood, Marcus Tyyger, Garry McDermott, Sharon Fernandez, Gary C. Shaw, Marjorie Boissinot, Daniela Salvatore, Luisa Ottobrini, Irvin Teh, John Wright, Marc A. Bailey, Joanna Koch-Paszkowski, Jurgen E. Schneider, David L. Buckley, Louise Murray, Andrew Scarsbrook, Susan C. Short, Stuart Currie

“…CT-2A tumour-bearing mice underwent MRI and ¹⁸F-fluciclovine PET-CT. Post-mortem mice brains underwent immunohistochemistry staining for ASCT2 (amino acid transporter), nestin (stemness) and Ki-67 (proliferation) to assess for biologically active tumour. 6 patients were recruited (GBM 1–6) and grouped according to overall survival (OS)—short survival (GBM-SS, median OS 249 days) and long survival (GBM-LS, median 903 days). …”
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Microglial immune regulation by epigenetic reprogramming through histone H3K27 acetylation in neuroinflammation by Minhong Huang, Emir Malovic, Alyssa Ealy, Alyssa Ealy, Huajun Jin, Huajun Jin, Vellareddy Anantharam, Vellareddy Anantharam, Arthi Kanthasamy, Arthi Kanthasamy, Anumantha G. Kanthasamy, Anumantha G. Kanthasamy

“…We further confirmed the results using a PD mouse model (MitoPark) and postmortem human PD brains, thereby adding clinical relevance to our findings. …”
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Galantamine improves cognition, hippocampal inflammation, and synaptic plasticity impairments induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice by Yi Liu, Yuyun Zhang, Xian Zheng, Tongyong Fang, Xia Yang, Xuan Luo, Anlei Guo, Kelly A. Newell, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu

“…Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) levels are higher in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients and are associated with neuroinflammation and cognitive decline, while neural cholinergic signaling controls inflammation. …”
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The Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger 3 Is Functionally Coupled With the NaV1.6 Voltage-Gated Channel and Promotes an Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Refilling in a Transgenic Model of Alzheimer’s Dis... by Ilaria Piccialli, Roselia Ciccone, Agnese Secondo, Francesca Boscia, Valentina Tedeschi, Valeria de Rosa, Pasquale Cepparulo, Lucio Annunziato, Anna Pannaccione

“…The activity of NCX has been found to be increased in AD brains, where it seemed to correlate with an increased neuronal survival. …”
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Preliminary biocompatibility investigation of magnetic albumin nanosphere designed as a potential versatile drug delivery system by Estevanato L, Cintra D, Baldini N, Portilho F, Barbosa L, Martins O, Lacava B, Miranda-Vilela AL, Tedesco AC, Báo S, Morais PC, Lacava ZGM

“…Micronucleus assay showed absolutely no genotoxicity or cytotoxicity effects and histological analysis showed no alterations or even nanoparticle clusters in several investigated organs but, interestingly, revealed the presence of MAN clusters in the central nervous system (CNS).Conclusion: The results showed that MAN has desirable in vivo biocompatibility, presenting potential for use as a MDDS, especially in CNS disease therapy.Keywords: nanotoxicity, nanoparticle, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, brain…”
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DELIRIUM PERIOPERATORIO by Jimena Rodríguez, Dra.

“…Palabras clave: Delirium, alteración cognitiva, geriatría, demencia, cerebro, Key words: Delirium, cognitive impairment, geriatric, dementia, brain…”
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The CNS in inbred transgenic models of 4-repeat Tauopathy develops consistent tau seeding capacity yet focal and diverse patterns of protein deposition by Ghazaleh Eskandari-Sedighi, Nathalie Daude, Hristina Gapeshina, David W. Sanders, Razieh Kamali-Jamil, Jing Yang, Beipei Shi, Holger Wille, Bernardino Ghetti, Marc I. Diamond, Christopher Janus, David Westaway

“…Electron microscopy revealed that brains of Classes I, II and IV animals all exhibit straight filaments, but with coiled filaments and occasional twisted filaments apparent in Class I. …”
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A k-mer based approach for classifying viruses without taxonomy identifies viral associations in human autism and plant microbiomes by Benjamin J. Garcia, Ramanuja Simha, Michael Garvin, Anna Furches, Piet Jones, Joao G.F.M. Gazolla, P. Doug Hyatt, Christopher W. Schadt, Dale Pelletier, Daniel Jacobson

“…We also identified a significant increase in abundance of eight viral sequences in post mortem brains in a human metatranscriptome study comparing Autism Spectrum Disorder patients and controls. …”
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Extension of microglial activation is associated with epilepsy and cognitive dysfunction in Tuberous sclerosis complex: A TSPO-PET study by Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono, Hiroki Kato, Fumihiko Soeda, Yoshiko Iwatani, Masashi Mukai, Katsuhiro Ogawa, Koji Tominaga, Shin Nabatame, Masako Taniike

“…Conclusion: Neuroinflammation is associated with the severity of epilepsy and cognitive dysfunction in brains with TSC. mTOR-i may suppress the extent of neuroinflammation in TSC. …”
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Microbial BMAA elicits mitochondrial dysfunction, innate immunity activation, and Alzheimer’s disease features in cortical neurons by Diana F. Silva, Emanuel Candeias, A. Raquel Esteves, João D. Magalhães, I. Luísa Ferreira, Daniela Nunes-Costa, A. Cristina Rego, Nuno Empadinhas, Sandra M. Cardoso

“…Adding to the myriad of different pathways involved, bacterial neurotoxins are assuming greater importance in the etiology and/or progression of sAD. β-N-Methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), a neurotoxin produced by some microorganisms namely cyanobacteria, was previously detected in the brains of AD patients. Indeed, the consumption of BMAA-enriched foods has been proposed to induce amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC), which implicated this microbial metabolite in neurodegeneration mechanisms. …”
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Ovalbumin-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells contribute to different susceptibility for Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus persistence by Rouven Wannemacher, Anna Reiß, Anna Reiß, Karl Rohn, Fred Lühder, Alexander Flügel, Alexander Flügel, Wolfgang Baumgärtner, Wolfgang Baumgärtner, Kirsten Hülskötter

“…OT-II mice displayed only low virus-immunoreactivity, but clinical disease correlated well with severely reduced infiltration of CD8+ T cells and the increased presence of CD4+ T cells in the brains of OT-II mice. Though further studies are needed to reveal the underlying pathomechanisms following TMEV infection in OT mice, findings indicate an immunopathological process as a main contributor to clinical disease in OT-II mice, while a direct virus-associated pathology may be the main contributor to clinical disease in TMEV-infected OT-I mice.…”
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BSL2-compliant lethal mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern to evaluate therapeutics targeting the Spike protein by Mohanraj Manangeeswaran, Derek D. C. Ireland, Seth G. Thacker, Ha-Na Lee, Logan Kelley-Baker, Aaron P. Lewkowicz, Paul W. Rothlauf, Paul W. Rothlauf, Marjorie Cornejo Pontelli, Louis-Marie Bloyet, Michael A. Eckhaus, Mirian I. Mendoza, Sean Whelan, Daniela Verthelyi

“…We show that infection requires hACE2 and challenge of neonatal but not adult, K18-hACE2 transgenic mice (hACE2tg) leads to productive infection of the lungs and brains. Although disease progression was faster in SARS-CoV-2 infected mice, infection with both viruses resulted in neuronal infection and encephalitis with increased expression of Interferon-stimulated Irf7, Bst2, Ifi294, as well as CxCL10, CCL5, CLC2, and LILRB4, and both models were uniformly lethal. …”
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Marine fungal metabolite butyrolactone I prevents cognitive deficits by relieving inflammation and intestinal microbiota imbalance on aluminum trichloride-injured zebrafish by Yingying Nie, Jingming Yang, Longjian Zhou, Zhiyou Yang, Jinyue Liang, Yayue Liu, Xiaoxiang Ma, Zhongji Qian, Pengzhi Hong, Allan V. Kalueff, Cai Song, Yi Zhang

“…While AlCl3 treatment elevated the levels of central and peripheral proinflammatory cytokines, increased AChE activity, and lowered GSH in the brains of zebrafish, these effects, except GSH reduction, were reversed by 25–100 mg/kg BTL-I administration. …”
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Dissecting the genetic relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease by Posthuma, Danielle, Andreassen, Ole A., Karch, Celeste M., Desikan, Rahul S., Broce, Iris J., Tan, Chin Hong, Fan, Chun Chieh, Jansen, Iris, Savage, Jeanne E., Witoelar, Aree, Wen, Natalie, Hess, Christopher P., Dillon, William P., Glastonbury, Christine M., Glymour, Maria, Yokoyama, Jennifer S., Elahi, Fanny M., Rabinovici, Gil D., Miller, Bruce L., Mormino, Elizabeth C., Sperling, Reisa A., Bennett, David A., McEvoy, Linda K., Brewer, James B., Feldman, Howard H., Hyman, Bradley T., Pericak-Vance, Margaret, Haines, Jonathan L., Farrer, Lindsay A., Mayeux, Richard, Schellenberg, Gerard D., Yaffe, Kristine, Sugrue, Leo P., Dale, Anders M.

“…Expression of MBLAC1, SPI1, MINK1 and DDB2 was differentially altered within postmortem AD brains. Beyond APOE, we show that the polygenic component of AD is enriched for lipid-associated RFs. …”
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Resveratrol Prevents Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetic Mice by Upregulating Nrf2 Expression and Transcriptional Level by Wang X, Fang H, Xu G, Yang Y, Xu R, Liu Q, Xue X, Liu J, Wang H

“…After the mice were euthanized, whole brains were sectioned for Nissl staining and immunofluorescence labeling. …”
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Simulations and human cadaver head studies to identify optimal acoustic receiver locations for minimally invasive photoacoustic-guided neurosurgery by Michelle T. Graham, Jiaqi Huang, Francis X. Creighton, Muyinatu A. Lediju Bell

“…Results from both the same skull filled with ovine brains and eyes and the human cadaver head validate the ocular region as an optimal acoustic window for our current system setup, producing high-contrast (i.e., up to 35 dB) DAS and SLSC photoacoustic images within the laser safety limits of a novel, compact light delivery system design that is independent of surgical tools (i.e., a fiber bundle with 6.8 mm outer diameter, 2 mm-diameter optical aperture, and an air gap spacing between the sphenoid bone and fiber tips). …”
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Extending Graph-Based LP Techniques for Enhanced Insights Into Complex Hypergraph Networks by Y. V. Nandini, T. Jaya Lakshmi, Murali Krishna Enduri, Hemlata Sharma, Mohd Wazih Ahmad

“…Social networks such as research collaboration networks and facebook, biological neural networks such as human brains, biomedical networks such as drug-target interactions and protein-protein interactions, technological networks such as telephone networks, transportation networks and power grids are a few examples of complex networks. …”
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Dexmedetomidine reduces propofol-induced hippocampal neuron injury by modulating the miR-377-5p/Arc pathway by Zong Chen, Yong Ding, Ying Zeng, Xue-Ping Zhang, Jian-Yan Chen

“…The study sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms of DEX-mediated neuroprotection against propofol-induced hippocampal neuron injury in mouse brains. Methods Hippocampal neurons of mice and HT22 cells were treated with propofol, DEX, and propofol+DEX. …”
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Properly scaled and targeted AAV2-NRTN (neurturin) to the substantia nigra is safe, effective and causes no weight loss: Support for nigral targeting in Parkinson's disease by Raymond T. Bartus, Lamar Brown, Alistair Wilson, Brian Kruegel, Joao Siffert, Eugene M. Johnson, Jr., Jeffrey H. Kordower, Christopher D. Herzog

“…Recent analyses of autopsied brains from subjects previously administered AAV2-neurturin (NRTN) gene transfer argues that optimizing the effects of neurotrophic factors in Parkinson's disease (PD) likely requires delivery to both the degenerating cell bodies (in substantia nigra) and their terminals (in striatum). …”
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