Evaluating the impact of the biofire filmarray in childhood meningitis: an Observational Cohort Study by Kadambari, S, Feng, S, Liu, X, Andersson, M, Waterfield, R, Fodder, H, Jacquemot, A, Galal, U, Rafferty, A, Drew, RJ, Rodrigues, C, Sadarangani, M, Riordan, A, Martin, NG, Defres, S, Solomon, T, Pollard, AJ, Paulus, S

“…Duration of antibiotics was shorter in children when FilmArray was used than before its implementation; enterovirus meningitis (median: 4 vs. 5 days), human parechovirus meningitis (median: 4 vs. 4.5 days) and culture/FilmArray-negative cerebrospinal fluid (median: 4 vs. 6 days).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The use of a FilmArray can identify additional bacterial cases of meningitis in children that had been negative by traditional culture methods. …”

Systematic review of the body of evidence for the use of biomarkers in the diagnosis of dementia. by Noel-Storr, A, Flicker, L, Ritchie, C, Nguyen, G, Gupta, T, Wood, P, Walton, J, Desai, M, Solomon, D, Molena, E, Worrall, R, Hayen, A, Choudhary, P, Ladds, E, Lanctôt, K, Verhey, F, McCleery, J, Mead, G, Clare, L, Fioravanti, M, Hyde, C, Marcus, S, Mcshane, R

“…MRI also yielded the highest number of studies with extractable data for meta-analysis (n = 32 [46% of all structural MRI studies]), followed by cerebrospinal fluid tau (n = 24 [73%]). There were few studies on positron emission tomography ligands for amyloid having suitable data for meta-analysis (n = 4). …”

A multicentre, prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate the use of a fibrin sealant as an adjunct to sutured dural repair by Green, A, Arnaud, A, Batiller, J, Eljamel, S, Gauld, J, Jones, P, Martin, D, Mehdorn, M, Ohman, J, Weyns, F

“… <b>Background:</b>Obtaining intra-operative watertight closure of the dura is considered important in reducing post-operative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a fibrin sealant as an adjunct to sutured dural repair to obtain intra-operative watertight closure in cranial neurosurgery. …”

Antibodies against hypocretin receptor 2 are rare in narcolepsy by Giannoccaro, M, Waters, P, Pizza, F, Liguori, R, Plazzi, G, Vincent, A

“…</p> <h4>Methods</h4> <p>Sera from 50 narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and 11 narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) patients, 22 patients with other sleep disorders, 15 healthy controls, and 93 disease controls were studied. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSFs) from three narcoleptic patients were subsequently included. …”

A clinicopathological correlation of the expression of the angiopoietin-Tie-2 receptor pathway in the brain of adults with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. by Prapansilp, P, Medana, I, Mai, N, Day, N, Phu, N, Yeo, T, Hien, T, White, N, Anstey, N, Turner, G

“…Quantitative ELISA for plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie-2 was done to compare fatal cases with surviving patients from the same study.…”

Defining childhood severe falciparum malaria for intervention studies. by Bejon, P, Berkley, J, Mwangi, T, Ogada, E, Mwangi, I, Maitland, K, Williams, T, Scott, J, English, M, Lowe, B, Peshu, N, Newton, C, Marsh, K

“…HIV and malnutrition were not associated with reduced MAFs, but gastroenteritis with severe dehydration (defined by reduced skin turgor), lower respiratory tract infection (clinician's final diagnosis), meningitis (on cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] examination), and bacteraemia were associated with reduced MAFs. …”

Value of lipocalin 2 as a potential biomarker for bacterial meningitis by Thanh, TT, Casals-Pascual, C, Ny, NTH, Ngoc, NM, Geskus, R, Truc Nhu, LN, Thu Hong, NT, Duc, DT, Anh Thu, DD, Uyen, PN, Ngoc, VB, My Chau, LT, Quynh, VX, Hong Hanh, NH, Thuong Thuong, NT, Diem, LT, Bich Hanh, BT, Hang, VTT, Nguyet Oanh, PK, Fischer, R, Phu, NH, Trung Nghia, HD, Van Vinh Chau, N, Hoa, NT, Kessler, BM, Thwaites, G, Van Tan, Le

“…</p><p>METHODS: We applied liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry on 45 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a cohort of adults with/without CNS infections to discover potential diagnostic biomarkers. …”

Paediatric meningitis in the conjugate vaccine era and a novel clinical decision model to predict bacterial aetiology by Martin, NG, Defres, S, Willis, L, Beckley, R, Hardwick, HE, Coxon, A, Kadambari, S, Yu, L-M, Liu, X, Galal, U, Conlin, K, Griffiths, MJ, Kneen, R, Nadel, S, Heath, PT, Kelly, DE, Solomon, T, Sadarangani, M, Pollard, AJ

“…Meningitis was defined as identification of bacteria/viruses from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or a raised CSF white blood cell count. …”

Heterogeneity in definitions of surgical site infection after cranial surgery limits the validity of research findings in neurosurgery: a systematic review by Majidi, N, Sivakumar, A, Vogt, A, Ranganathan, S, Ashkan, K, Price, SJ, Lee, KS

“…Subspecialties included were neuro-oncology (n = 103,19.8%), neurotrauma (n = 92,17.7%), paediatric neurosurgery (n = 56,10.8%), functional neurosurgery (n = 52,10.0%), neurovascular (n = 38,7.3%), skull base (n = 37,7.1%), cerebrospinal fluid dynamics (n = 11,2.1%), and general neurosurgical cases (n = 149,28.7%). …”

Adults with tetralogy of Fallot show specific features of cerebral small vessel disease: the BACH San Donato study by Melazzini, L, Savoldi, F, Chessa, M, Vitali, P, Zanardo, M, Bertoldo, EG, Fiolo, V, Griffanti, L, Carminati, M, Frigiola, A, Giamberti, A, Secchi, F, Callus, E, Codari, M, Sardanelli, F

“…Albeit not significantly, total brain (p = 0.282) and brain tissue volumes (p = 0.539 for cerebrospinal fluid, p = 0.661 for grey matter, p = 0.793 for white matter) were lower in ACHD, while total volume (p = 0.283) and sub-classes of WMHs (p = 0.386 for periventricular WMHs and p = 0.138 for deep WMHs) were higher in ACHD than in controls. …”

Clinical features to distinguish meningitis among young infants at a rural Kenyan hospital by Obiero, CW, Mturi, N, Mwarumba, S, Ngari, M, Newton, C, Boele van Hensbroek, M, Berkley, JA

“…<br><br>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:<br>Definite meningitis defined as positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, microscopy or antigen test, or leucocytes &#x2265;0.05 x 10&#x2227;9/L. …”

A randomized open label trial of tamoxifen combined with amphotericin B and fluconazole for cryptococcal meningitis by Ngan, N, Mai, N, Tung, N, Lan, N, Tai, L, Phu, N, Chau, N, Binh, T, Hung, L, Beardsley, J, White, N, Lalloo, D, Krysan, D, Hope, W, Geskus, R, Wolbers, M, Nhat, L, Thwaites, G, Kestelyn, E, Day, J

“…Faster rates of clearance of yeast from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are associated with better outcomes - improving the potency of antifungal therapy is likely to be an effective strategy to improve survival. …”

Coma associated with microscopy-diagnosed Plasmodium vivax: a prospective study in Papua, Indonesia by Lampah, D, Yeo, T, Hardianto, S, Tjitra, E, Kenangalem, E, Sugiarto, P, Price, R, Anstey, N

“…Hematological, biochemical, serological, radiological and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations were performed to identify other causes of coma. …”

Proximity extension assay testing reveals novel diagnostic biomarkers of atypical parkinsonian syndromes by Jabbari, E, Woodside, J, Guo, T, Magdalinou, N, Chelban, V, Athauda, D, Lees, A, Foltynie, T, Houlden, H, Church, A, Hu, M, Rowe, J, Zetterberg, H, Morris, H

“…</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong> Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from two independent cohorts, each consisting of APS and PD cases, and controls, were analysed for neurofilament light chain (NF-L) and Olink Neurology and Inflammation PEA biomarker panels. …”

Cerebral venous system and anatomical predisposition to high-altitude headache. by Wilson, M, Davagnanam, I, Holland, G, Dattani, R, Tamm, A, Hirani, S, Kolfschoten, N, Strycharczuk, L, Green, C, Thornton, J, Wright, A, Edsell, M, Kitchen, N, Sharp, D, Ham, T, Murray, A, Holloway, C, Clarke, K, Grocott, M, Montgomery, H, Imray, C

“…Correlation of headache burden (summed severity scores [0-4]≤24 hours from arrival at each altitude) with RVD, and with cerebral/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/venous compartment volumes, was sought. …”

Genetic variants of ABCA1 modify Alzheimer disease risk and quantitative traits related to beta-amyloid metabolism. by Katzov, H, Chalmers, K, Palmgren, J, Andreasen, N, Johansson, B, Cairns, N, Gatz, M, Wilcock, G, Love, S, Pedersen, N, Brookes, A, Blennow, K, Kehoe, P, Prince, J

“…For late-onset samples, ancillary evidence was obtained that both single marker alleles and haplotypes of ABCA1 contribute to variable cerebrospinal fluid tau and beta amyloid (Abeta42) protein levels, and brain Abeta load. …”

Childhood invasive bacterial disease in Kathmandu, Nepal (2005-2013) by Carter, MJ, Gurung, M, Pokhrel, B, Bijukchhe, SM, Karmacharya, S, Khadka, B, Maharjan, A, Bhattarai, S, Shrestha, S, Khadka, B, Khulal, A, Gurung, S, Dhital, B, Prajapati, KG, Ansari, I, Shah, GP, Wahl, B, Kandasamy, R, Pradhan, R, Kelly, S, Voysey, M, Murdoch, DR, Adhikari, N, Thorson, S, Kelly, D, Shrestha, S, Pollard, AJ

“…We detailed the serotype-specific distribution of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and incorporated antigen and PCR testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children with meningitis.…”

A novel diagnostic model for tuberculous meningitis using Bayesian latent class analysis by Dong, THK, Donovan, J, Ngoc, NM, Thu, DDA, Nghia, HDT, Oanh, PKN, Phu, NH, Hang, VTT, Vinh Chau, NV, Thuong Thuong, NT, Tan, LV, Thwaites, GE, Geskus, RB

“…</p> <p><strong>Results</strong> Participants with HIV, miliary TB, long symptom duration, and high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocyte count were more likely to have TBM. …”

Identification of a matrix-degrading phenotype in human tuberculosis in vitro and in vivo. by Price, N, Farrar, J, Tran, T, Nguyen, T, Tran, T, Friedland, J

“…In vivo investigation revealed MMP-9 concentration per leukocyte in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from tuberculous meningitis patients (n = 23; median (range), 3.19 (0.19--31.00) ng/ml/cell) to be higher than that in bacterial (n = 12; 0.23 (0.01--18.37) ng/ml/cell) or viral meningitis (n = 20; 0.20 (0.04--31.00) ng/ml/cell; p &lt; 0.01). …”

Characterisation of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from Cambodian Children between 2007 – 2012 by Moore, C, Geiss, A, Soeng, S, Sar, P, Kumar, V, Nhoung, P, Bousfield, R, Turner, P, Stoesser, N, Day, N, Parry, C

“…<br/><br/> Methods <br/> All episodes of IPD defined by the isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood, cerebrospinal fluid or other sterile site in Cambodian children admitted to the Angkor Hospital for Children in Siem Reap, Northwestern Cambodia, between 1st January 2007 and 1st July 2012 were retrospectively studied. …”