Pretreatment intracerebral and peripheral blood immune responses in Vietnamese adults with tuberculous meningitis: diagnostic value and relationship to disease severity and outcome by Simmons, C, Thwaites, G, Quyen, N, Torok, E, Hoang, D, Chau, T, Mai, P, Lan, N, Dung, N, Quy, H, Bang, N, Hien, T, Farrar, J

“…HIV coinfection attenuated multiple cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory indices. Low cerebrospinal fluid IFN-γ concentrations were independently associated with death in HIV-positive TBM patients, implying that IFN-γ contributes to immunity and survival. …”

Meningococcal antigen in diagnosis and treatment of group A meningococcal infections. by Whittle, H, Greenwood, B, Davidson, N, Tomkins, A, Tugwell, P, Warrell, D, Zalin, A, Bryceson, A, Parry, E, Brueton, M, Duggan, M, Oomen, J, Rajkovic, A

“…Meningococcal antigen was measured by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of 200 patients with group A meningococcal meningitis. …”

Improving the bacteriological diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. by Thwaites, G, Chau, T, Farrar, J

“…We made a bacteriological diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in 107 of 132 (81%) adults with clinical tuberculous meningitis: acid-fast bacilli were seen in 77 of 132 (58%) and cultured from 94 of 132 (71%). Volume of cerebrospinal fluid, duration of symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid neutrophils, lactate, and glucose were all independently associated with bacteriological confirmation.…”

Meningitis bakterial dan terapi cephalosporin generasi ketiga by Perpustakaan UGM, i-lib

“…Therefore, a neurologist should also master the skill of processing a cerebrospinal fluid. The gold standard diagnostic tool is bacterial culture of the cerebrospinal fluid. …”

Role of viruses in Kenyan children presenting with acute encephalopathy in a malaria-endemic area. by Schubart, C, Mturi, N, Beld, MG, Wertheim, P, Newton, C

“…In the children with CM, four (9%) had evidence of Herpes simplex virus 1 in the cerebrospinal fluid, whereas in the encephalopathy group without malaria, six (12%) were positive. …”

Identification of N-glycosylation changes in the CSF and serum in patients with schizophrenia. by Stanta, J, Saldova, R, Struwe, W, Byrne, J, Leweke, F, Rothermund, M, Rahmoune, H, Levin, Y, Guest, P, Bahn, S, Rudd, P

“…No biochemical diagnostic tests are available, and patients must undergo lengthy clinical evaluation periods before an accurate diagnosis can be given. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid are candidates for the identification of potential biomarkers for this disease. …”

Diagnosis of adult tuberculous meningitis by use of clinical and laboratory features. by Thwaites, G, Chau, T, Stepniewska, K, Phu, N, Chuong, L, Sinh, D, White, N, Parry, C, Farrar, J

“…FINDINGS: Five features were predictive of a diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: age, length of history, white-blood-cell count, total cerebrospinal fluid white-cell count, and cerebrospinal fluid neutrophil proportion. …”

Comparison of conventional bacteriology with nucleic acid amplification (amplified mycobacterium direct test) for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis before and after inception of... by Thwaites, G, Caws, M, Chau, T, Dung, N, Campbell, J, Phu, N, Hien, T, White, N, Farrar, J

“…In conclusion, ZN staining of the cerebrospinal fluid is at least as good as MTD for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and is much faster and less expensive. …”

Randomized pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of fluoroquinolones for tuberculous meningitis. by Thwaites, G, Bhavnani, S, Chau, T, Hammel, J, Török, M, Van Wart, SA, Mai, P, Reynolds, D, Caws, M, Dung, N, Hien, T, Kulawy, R, Farrar, J, Ambrose, P

“…Fluoroquinolone concentrations were measured with plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens taken at predetermined, randomly assigned times throughout treatment. …”

Fatal avian influenza A (H5N1) in a child presenting with diarrhea followed by coma. by Jong, d, Bach, VC, Phan, T, Vo, M, Tran, T, Nguyen, B, Beld, M, Le, T, Truong, H, Nguyen, V, Tran, T, Do, Q, Farrar, J

“…The diagnosis of avian influenza A (H5N1) was established by isolation of the virus from cerebrospinal fluid, fecal, throat, and serum specimens. …”

N-methyl-d-aspartate antibody encephalitis: Temporal progression of clinical and paraclinical observations in a predominantly non-paraneoplastic disorder of both sexes by Irani, SR, Bera, K, Waters, P, Zuliani, L, Maxwell, S, Zandi, MS, Friese, M, Galea, I, Kullmann, D, Beeson, D, Lang, B, Bien, C, Vincent, A

“…We established a sensitive cell-based assay for detection of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid, and a quantitative fluorescent immunoprecipitation assay for serial studies. …”

N-methyl-D-aspartate antibody encephalitis: temporal progression of clinical and paraclinical observations in a predominantly non-paraneoplastic disorder of both sexes by Irani, S, Bera, K, Waters, P, Zuliani, L, Maxwell, S, Zandi, M, Friese, M, Galea, I, Kullmann, D, Beeson, D, Lang, B, Bien, C, Vincent, A

“…We established a sensitive cell-based assay for detection of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid, and a quantitative fluorescent immunoprecipitation assay for serial studies. …”

N-methyl-D-aspartate antibody encephalitis: temporal progression of clinical and paraclinical observations in a predominantly non-paraneoplastic disorder of both sexes. by Irani, SR, Bera, K, Waters, P, Zuliani, L, Maxwell, S, Zandi, MS, Friese, M, Galea, I, Kullmann, D, Beeson, D, Lang, B, Bien, C, Vincent, A

“…We established a sensitive cell-based assay for detection of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid, and a quantitative fluorescent immunoprecipitation assay for serial studies. …”

Plasma and cerebrospinal proteomes from children with cerebral malaria differ from those of children with other encephalopathies. by Gitau, E, Kokwaro, G, Karanja, H, Newton, C, Ward, SA

“…Here we report the presence of differentially expressed proteins in cerebral malaria in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid that could be used to better understand pathogenesis and help develop more-specific diagnostic methods. …”

Paroxysmal EEG pattern in a child with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis. by Gataullina, S, Plouin, P, Vincent, A, Scalais, E, Nuttin, C, Dulac, O

“…A previously healthy 8-year-old male presented with cognitive regression, sleep disturbance, hallucinations, and severe attacks of agitation and oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were detected 2 months after onset of symptoms. …”

Diagnostic accuracy of intracellular mycobacterium tuberculosis detection for tuberculous meningitis. by Feng, G, Shi, M, Ma, L, Chen, P, Wang, B, Zhang, M, Chang, X, Su, X, Yang, Y, Fan, X, Dai, W, Liu, T, He, Y, Bian, T, Duan, L, Li, J, Hao, X, Liu, J, Xue, X, Song, Y, Wu, H, Niu, G, Zhang, L, Han, C, Lin, H

“…OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether the detection of intracellular bacteria by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and early secretory antigen target (ESAT)-6 in cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes improves tuberculous meningitis diagnosis. …”

Streptococcus suis meningitis in adults in Vietnam. by Mai, N, Hoa, N, Nga, T, Linh, L, Chau, T, Sinh, D, Phu, N, Chuong, L, Diep, T, Campbell, J, Nghia, H, Minh, T, Chau, N, Jong, d, Chinh, N, Hien, T, Farrar, J, Schultsz, C

“…For patients with S. suis infection, bacterial DNA load at hospital admission and during treatment was analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid specimens using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. …”

Failure of interferon alfa and tribavirin in rabies encephalitis. by Warrell, M, White, N, Looareesuwan, S, Phillips, R, Suntharasamai, P, Chanthavanich, P, Riganti, M, Fisher-Hoch, S, Nicholson, K, Manatsathit, S

“…Rabies neutralising antibody and specific IgM sought in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Interferon concentrations monitored before and during treatment in three patients. …”

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension. by Wakerley, B, Tan, M, Ting, E

“…The pathophysiology of this condition is poorly understood, but most theories focus on the presence of intracranial venous hypertension and/or increased cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance and how this relates to obesity. …”

Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus: the first pediatric case with glycine receptor antibodies. by Damásio, J, Leite, M, Coutinho, E, Waters, P, Woodhall, M, Santos, M, Carrilho, I, Vincent, A

“…Episodes occurred during wakefulness and sleep, lasted seconds, and were accompanied by moaning, tachypnea, and oxygen desaturation. Imaging, cerebrospinal fluid, endocrine, metabolic, and genetic screening findings were normal or negative. …”