Peripherally derived macrophages as major phagocytes in MOG encephalomyelitis by Kwon, Y, Waters, P, Kim, M, Choi, Y, Kim, J, Sung, J, Park, S, Kim, S

“…<p>An inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS with antibody against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) is now accepted as a discrete disease category of MOG encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM). 1 Previous case studies described abundant accumulation of phagocytic cells (either Iba1 + and/or CD68 + ) at the active demyelinating lesions of MOG-EM. 2 , – , 5 However, both Iba1 and CD68 can be expressed in either the microglia or macrophage. 6 Recently, transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119) has been proposed to be a reliable microglial marker that discriminates resident microglia from blood-derived macrophages in the inflamed human brain. 6 Here, we discuss the immunohistochemical findings in a patient with MOG-EM using a specific marker for microglia, TMEM119. 6</p>…”

A clinical conundrum: the detrimental effect of TNF antagonists in multiple sclerosis. by Dendrou, C, Bell, J, Fugger, L

“…Although TNF antagonists are efficacious in treating a range of autoimmune conditions, they exacerbate or even promote multiple sclerosis (MS)--a clinical finding that has been a conundrum for over a decade and has been a source of debate regarding the role of these drugs and of TNF signaling in the development of demyelinating disease. Recent work investigating the functional consequences of MS-associated genetic variation in the gene encoding TNFR1 has demonstrated that genetic risk drives the production of a novel, endogenous TNF antagonist. …”

Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica: Review and Recommendations. by Kimbrough, D, Fujihara, K, Jacob, A, Lana-Peixoto, M, Leite, M, Levy, M, Marignier, R, Nakashima, I, Palace, J, de Seze, J, Stuve, O, Tenembaum, SN, Traboulsee, A, Waubant, E, Weinshenker, BG, Wingerchuk, D

“…Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease preferentially targeting the optic nerves and spinal cord. …”

Serial anti–myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody analyses and outcomes in children with demyelinating syndromes by Waters, P, Fadda, G, Woodhall, M, Irani, S, Sun, B

“…<p><strong>Importance</strong> Identifying the course of demyelinating disease associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) autoantibodies is critical to guide appropriate treatment choices.…”

Serial anti–myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody analyses and outcomes in children with demyelinating syndromes by Waters, P, Fadda, G, Woodhall, M, O’Mahony, J, Brown, RA, Castro, DA, Longoni, G, Irani, SR, Sun, B, Yeh, EA, Marrie, RA, Arnold, DL, Banwell, B, Bar-Or, A

“…<p><strong>Importance</strong> Identifying the course of demyelinating disease associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) autoantibodies is critical to guide appropriate treatment choices.…”

The Importance of Managing Modifiable Comorbidities in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review by Viviana Nociti, Marina Romozzi

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, degenerative demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of unknown etiology that affects individuals in their early adulthood. …”
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Recent progress in epidemiology, clinical features, and therapy of multiple sclerosis in China by Meng Wang, Caiyun Liu, Meijuan Zou, Zixuan Niu, Jie Zhu, Tao Jin

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. …”
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by Rosca Elena Cecilia, Mihaela Simu, Ruxandra Dana Chirileanu, M. Bednar, Ovidiu Rosca

“…Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by the reactivation of latent JC virus. …”
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Demyelinating syndrome in SLE: review of different disease subtypes and report of a case series by E. Chessa, M. Piga, A. Floris, A. Mathieu, A. Cauli

“…A recent study described 5 different patterns of demyelinating disease presentation, characterised by specific clinical, laboratory and brain and spine magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities: 1) neuromyelitis optica; 2) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders; 3) DS prevalently involving the brain; 4) DS prevalently involving the brainstem; 5) clinically isolated syndrome. …”
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Novel Drugs in a Pipeline for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis by Klaudia Sapko, Anna Jamroz-Wiśniewska, Konrad Rejdak

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a widely known inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The pathogenesis of progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is a complex, multi-level process that causes therapeutic difficulties. …”
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What Guides Peripheral Immune Cells into the Central Nervous System? by Theresa Greiner, Markus Kipp

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS), an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), initially presents with a relapsing-remitting disease course. …”
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An anti-inflammatory approach to the dietary management of multiple sclerosis: a condensed review by IL Labuschagne, R Blaauw

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, neurodegenerative demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). …”
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Multiple sclerosis: 2023 update by Tanja Kuhlmann, Jack Antel

“… Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). …”
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Neuromyelitis Optica: Case Report by Deniz Tuncel, Ebru Özay, Canan Yücesan, Nursel Aydın

“…OBJECTIVES: Neuromyelitis optica (Devic’s syndrome) is an uncommon but severe form of demyelinating disease. This syndrome is characterized by acute or relapsing inflammatory demyelination restricted to the optic nerves and spinal cord. …”
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Treatment of neuromyelitis optica: Review and recommendations by Kimbrough, D, Fujihara, K, Jacob, A, Lana-Peixoto, M, Isabel Leite, M, Levy, M, Marignier, R, Nakashima, I, Palace, J, De Seze, J, Stuve, O, Tenembaum, SN, Traboulsee, A, Waubant, E, Weinshenker, BG, Wingerchuk, D, Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation Clinical Consortium and Biorepository

“…Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease preferentially targeting the optic nerves and spinal cord. …”

Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis: A case report by Zakaria Abide, Karima Sif Nasr, Soufiane Kaddouri, Meryem Edderai, Jamal Elfenni, Tarik Salaheddine

“…Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a rare inflammatory, demyelinating disease that generally has a good prognosis. …”
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Oligodendrocyte Development and Regenerative Therapeutics in Multiple Sclerosis by Nadjet Gacem, Brahim Nait-Oumesmar

“…We will focus on MS as a pathological condition, the most common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS in young adults.…”
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Successful Treatment of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) by Prompt Usage of Immunoglobulins – Case Report and Review of the Literature by Ana Repić-Buličić, Petar Filipović-Grčić, Eni Jadrijević, Pavao Jurinović, Marina Titlić

“…Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that usually affects children and young adults. …”
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Clinical and epidemiological profiles of non-traumatic myelopathies by Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende Pinto, Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza, Marcus Vinícius Cristino de Albuquerque, Lívia Almeida Dutra, José Luiz Pedroso, Orlando Graziani Povoas Barsottini

“…Results The most prevalent diagnosis was subacute combined degeneration (11.4%), followed by cervical spondylotic myelopathy (9.6%), demyelinating disease (9%), tropical spastic paraparesis (8.4%) and hereditary spastic paraparesis (8.4%). …”
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Combination of Probiotics and Natural Compounds to Treat Multiple Sclerosis via Warburg Effect by Anjali Kandiruthi Ravi, Saradhadevi Kuppusami Muthukrishnan

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS).It is an auto-immune disorder. …”
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