Safety and efficacy of plasma exchange treatment in children with AQP4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder by Zhichao Li, Zhichao Li, Lin Wan, Lin Wan, Xinting Liu, Xinting Liu, Jing Wang, Jing Wang, Xiuyu Shi, Xiuyu Shi, Huanfen Zhou, Quangang Xu, Shihui Wei, Guang Yang, Guang Yang, Guang Yang, Guang Yang

“…Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), a severe demyelinating disease, is rare among children. Plasma exchange (PE) is widely used as a salvage therapy for severe and corticosteroid-unresponsive patients with NMOSD. …”
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Comparison of qPCR with ddPCR for the Quantification of JC Polyomavirus in CSF from Patients with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy by Nyater Ngouth, Maria Chiara Monaco, Lorenzo Walker, Sydney Corey, Ijeoma Ikpeama, Gary Fahle, Irene Cortese, Sanchita Das, Steven Jacobson

“…Background: Lytic infection of oligodendrocytes by the human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) results in the demyelinating disease called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). …”
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Exposure to specific tumour necrosis factor inhibitors and risk of demyelinating and inflammatory neuropathy in cohorts of patients with inflammatory arthritis: a collaborative obs... by Johan Askling, Eirik Klami Kristianslund, Elizabeth V Arkema, Lene Dreyer, Bjorn Gudbjornsson, Gerður Gröndal, Kalle Aaltonen, Bénédicte Delcoigne, Tine Iskov Kopp, Nina Trokovic, Sella Aarrestad Provan, Heikki Relas, Jesper Lindhardsen, Karin Hellgren

“…Objective To compare incidences of neuroinflammatory events, including demyelinating disease (DML), inflammatory polyneuropathies (IPN) and multiple sclerosis (MS), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or spondyloarthritis (SpA; including psoriatic arthritis) starting a tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi), investigating whether monoclonal TNFi antibodies (other TNFis (oTNFis)) confer higher risk than etanercept.Methods This is an observational cohort study including patients from the five Nordic countries starting a TNFi in 2001–2020. …”
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Herramientas para la evaluación integral de la función sexual en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple by M. Gaviria Carrillo, P.A. Ortiz Salas, K.P. Rueda Vergara, G.A. Cortes Bernal, M. Nava Mesa, K. Moreno Medina

“…Abstract: Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects young adults, causing a variety of symptoms (motor alterations, visual alterations, loss of sphincter control, gait alterations) that impair the patient's functional status. …”
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Geostatistical Analysis of White Matter Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis Identifies Gender Differences in Lesion Evolution by Robert Marschallinger, Robert Marschallinger, Mark Mühlau, Mark Mühlau, Viola Pongratz, Viola Pongratz, Jan S. Kirschke, Jan S. Kirschke, Simon Marschallinger, Paul Schmidt, Paul Schmidt, Johann Sellner, Johann Sellner

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with presumed autoimmune origin. …”
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Use of Pembrolizumab for Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in People Living with HIV by Carmela Pinnetti, Eleonora Cimini, Alessandra Vergori, Valentina Mazzotta, Germana Grassi, Annalisa Mondi, Federica Forbici, Alessandra Amendola, Susanna Grisetti, Francesco Baldini, Caterina Candela, Rita Casetti, Paolo Campioni, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Chiara Agrati, Andrea Antinori

“…Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease occurring in advanced HIV infection, caused by the reactivation of poliomavirus JC (JCV). …”
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Multiple sclerosis: A descriptive series by L. Garcia-Agudelo, K.A. Moreno-Bayona, J.C. Velasco-Castro, J.S. Pardo-Barbosa, C.E. Ojeda-Moncayo

“…Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic multifocal inflammatory demyelinating disease that progresses with neurodegeneration and is associated with a high risk of disability. …”
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P2X7 receptor antagonists modulate experimental autoimmune neuritis via regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and Th17 and Th1 cell differentiation by Yuhan Xie, Ranran Han, Yulin Li, Weiya Li, Shichao Zhang, Yu Wu, Yuexin Zhao, Rongrong Liu, Jie Wu, Wei Jiang, Xiuju Chen

“…Abstract Background Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), a post-infectious, immune-mediated, acute demyelinating disease of the peripheral nerves and nerve roots, represents the most prevalent and severe acute paralyzing neuropathy. …”
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Ovalbumin-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells contribute to different susceptibility for Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus persistence by Rouven Wannemacher, Anna Reiß, Anna Reiß, Karl Rohn, Fred Lühder, Alexander Flügel, Alexander Flügel, Wolfgang Baumgärtner, Wolfgang Baumgärtner, Kirsten Hülskötter

“…Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is the causative agent of TMEV-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD); a well-established animal model for the chronic progressive form of human multiple sclerosis (MS). …”
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Disease course and treatment responses in children with relapsing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease by Hacohen, Y, Wong, Y, Lechner, C, Jurynczyk, M, Wright, S, Konuskan, B, Kalser, J, Poulat, A, Maurey, H, Ganelin-Cohen, E, Wassmer, E, Hemingway, C, Forsyth, R, Hennes, E, Leite, M, Ciccarelli, O, Anlar, B, Hintzen, R, Marignier, R, Palace, J, Baumann, M, Rostásy, K, Neuteboom, R, Deiva, K, Lim, M

“…</p> <p><strong>Design, Setting, and Participants:</strong> This study prospectively collected demographic, clinical, and radiologic data from 102 patients from 8 countries of the EU Paediatric Demyelinating Disease Consortium from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2016. …”

Influence of three BALB/c substrain backgrounds on the skin tumor induction efficacy to DMBA and TPA cotreatment by Mi Ju Kang, Jeong Eun Gong, Ji Eun Kim, Hyeon Jun Choi, Su Ji Bae, Yun Ju Choi, Su Jin Lee, Min-Soo Seo, Kil Soo Kim, Young-Suk Jung, Joon-Yong Cho, Yong Lim, Dae Youn Hwang

“…Abstract Differences in responsiveness of BALB/c substrains have been investigated in various fields, including diabetes induction, corpus callosum deficiency, virus-induced demyelinating disease, aggressive behavior and osteonecrosis. …”
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Factors Related to the Progression of Clinically Isolated Syndrome to Multiple Sclerosis: A Retrospective Study in Lithuania by Renata Balnytė, Vaidas Matijošaitis, Ieva Čelpačenko, Miglė Malciūtė, Radvilė Stankevičiūtė, Ovidijus Laucius

“…<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease which usually manifests as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). …”
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Diagnostic significance of intrathecally synthesized immunoglobulins against neurotropic viruses (MRZ-reaction) in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis by A. N. Moshnikova, V. K. Maksimchuk, S. V. Lapin, V. D. Nazarov, E. A. Surkova, S. A. Novikov, G. S. Makshakov, I. Yu. Krutetskaya, V. S. Krasnov, Ya. B. Kushnir, N. A. Neofidov, N. A. Totolian, A. A. Skoromets, E. P. Evdoshenko, Areg A. Totolian

“…Multiple sclerosis is chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with autoimmune inflammation and accretive neurodegeneration. …”
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Role of the Fractalkine Receptor in CNS Autoimmune Inflammation: New Approach Utilizing a Mouse Model Expressing the Human CX3CR1I249/M280 Variant by Sandra M. Cardona, Sandra M. Cardona, Sangwon V. Kim, Kaira A. Church, Vanessa O. Torres, Ian A. Cleary, Andrew S. Mendiola, Andrew S. Mendiola, Stephen P. Saville, Stephen P. Saville, Stephanie S. Watowich, Jan Parker-Thornburg, Alejandro Soto-Ospina, Pedronel Araque, Richard M. Ransohoff, Astrid E. Cardona, Astrid E. Cardona

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) is the leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults. …”
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Genetic Variant HLA-DRB1*0403 and Therapeutic Response to Disease-Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study by Esteban Alejandro Gomez-Gaitan, Yessica Eleanet Garcia-Ortega, Ana Miriam Saldaña-Cruz, Betsabe Contreras-Haro, Jorge Ivan Gamez-Nava, Emilio Edsaul Perez-Guerrero, Cesar Arturo Nava-Valdivia, Sergio Gallardo-Moya, Alejandra Martinez-Hernandez, Laura Gonzalez Lopez, Blanca Esthela Rios-Gonzalez, Jazmin Marquez-Pedroza, Miriam Mendez-del Villar, Yussef Esparza-Guerrero, Alejandra Villagomez-Vega, Miguel Angel Macias Islas

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and demyelinating disease with an autoimmune origin, which leads to neurodegeneration and progressive disability. …”
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Targeting central nervous system extracellular vesicles enhanced triiodothyronine remyelination effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by Yun Xiao, Jing Tian, Wen-Cheng Wu, Yu-Han Gao, Yu-Xin Guo, Sheng-Jiao Song, Rui Gao, Li-Bin Wang, Xiao-Yu Wu, Yuan Zhang, Xing Li

“…The lack of targeted and high-efficiency drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) nidus is the main problem in the treatment of demyelinating disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess great promise as a drug delivery vector given their advanced features. …”
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The future of diagnosis in clinical neurosciences: Comparing multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia by Błażej Misiak, Jerzy Samochowiec, Krzysztof Kowalski, Wolfgang Gaebel, Claudio L. A. Bassetti, Andrew Chan, Philip Gorwood, Sergi Papiol, Geert Dom, Umberto Volpe, Agata Szulc, Tamas Kurimay, Hilkka Kärkkäinen, Andre Decraene, Jan Wisse, Andrea Fiorillo, Peter Falkai

“…Schizophrenia shares a number of similarities with MS, which is a demyelinating disease of the CNS. These similarities appear in the context of age of onset, geographical distribution, involvement of immune-inflammatory processes, neurocognitive impairment and various trajectories of illness course. …”
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Estudio epidemiológico de la esclerosis múltiple en La Rioja by M. Bártulos Iglesias, M.E. Marzo Sola, L.A. Estrella Ruiz, Y. Bravo Anguiano

“…Abstract: Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease that causes severe disability in younger patients. …”
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Basic CSF parameters and MRZ reaction help in differentiating MOG antibody-associated autoimmune disease versus multiple sclerosis by Benjamin Vlad, Benjamin Vlad, Ina Reichen, Ina Reichen, Stephan Neidhart, Stephan Neidhart, Marc Hilty, Marc Hilty, Dimitra Lekaditi, Dimitra Lekaditi, Christine Heuer, Christine Heuer, Amanda Eisele, Amanda Eisele, Mario Ziegler, Mario Ziegler, Markus Reindl, Andreas Lutterotti, Andreas Lutterotti, Axel Regeniter, Ilijas Jelcic, Ilijas Jelcic

“…BackgroundMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated autoimmune disease (MOGAD) is a rare monophasic or relapsing inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and can mimic multiple sclerosis (MS). …”
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Lipocalin-2 promotes adipose–macrophage interactions to shape peripheral and central inflammatory responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by Francesca Sciarretta, Veronica Ceci, Marta Tiberi, Fabio Zaccaria, Haoyun Li, Zhong-Yan Zhou, Qiyang Sun, Daniels Konja, Alessandro Matteocci, Anup Bhusal, Martina Verri, Diego Fresegna, Sara Balletta, Andrea Ninni, Claudia Di Biagio, Marco Rosina, Kyoungho Suk, Diego Centonze, Yu Wang, Valerio Chiurchiù, Katia Aquilano, Daniele Lettieri-Barbato

“…Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) plays a major role in the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common immune-mediated and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the etiology and progression of MS is still obscure. …”
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