Association of childhood smoking and adult mortality: prospective study of 120 000 Cuban adults by Blake Thomson, DPhil, Nurys Armas Rojas, MD, Ben Lacey, DPhil, Julie Ann Burrett, PhD, Patricia Varona-Pérez, MD, Marcy Calderón Martínez, MD, Elba Lorenzo-Vázquez, MD, Sonia Bess Constantén, MD, José Manuel Morales Rigau, MSc, Osvaldo Jesús Hernández López, MSc, Miguel Ángel Martínez Morales, MD, Ismell Alonso Alomá, MD, Fernando Achiong Estupiñan, MD, Mayda Díaz González, MD, Noel Rosquete Muñoz, MD, Marelis Cendra Asencio, MD, Jonathan Emberson, ProfPhD, Richard Peto, ProfFRS, Sarah Lewington, ProfDPhil, Alfredo Dueñas Herrera, ProfMD

“…Summary: Background: The average age at which people start smoking has been decreasing in many countries, but insufficient evidence exists on the adult hazards of having started smoking in childhood and, especially, in early childhood. We aimed to investigate the association between smoking habits (focusing on the age when smokers started) and cause-specific premature mortality in a cohort of adults in Cuba. …”
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Global disability-adjusted life-year estimates of long-term health burden and undernutrition attributable to diarrhoeal diseases in children younger than 5 years by Christopher Troeger, MPH, Danny V Colombara, PhD, Puja C Rao, MPH, Ibrahim A Khalil, MD, Alexandria Brown, MA, Thomas G Brewer, MD, Richard L Guerrant, MD, Eric R Houpt, MD, Karen L Kotloff, ProfMD, Kavita Misra, PhD, William A Petri, Jr, MD, James Platts-Mills, MD, Mark S Riddle, MD, Scott J Swartz, MS, Mohammad H Forouzanfar, MD, Robert C Reiner, Jr, PhD, Simon I Hay, ProfFMedSci, Ali H Mokdad, ProfPhD

“…This underestimation is because diarrhoeal diseases can negatively affect early childhood growth, probably through enteric dysfunction and impaired uptake of macronutrients and micronutrients. …”
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Safety of Rotavirus Vaccination in Preterm Infants Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Sicily, Italy: A Multicenter Observational Study by Claudio Costantino, Arianna Conforto, Nicole Bonaccorso, Livia Cimino, Martina Sciortino, Mario Palermo, Kim Maiolo, Lucia Gabriella Tina, Pasqua Maria Betta, Mariacarmela Caracciolo, Carmine Mattia Loretta, Alessandro Arco, Eloisa Gitto, Salvino Marcello Vitaliti, Domenica Mancuso, Giuliana Vitaliti, Vincenzo Rosella, Giuseppa Pinello, Giovanni Corsello, Gregorio Serra, Bruna Gabriele, Fabio Tramuto, Vincenzo Restivo, Emanuele Amodio, Francesco Vitale

“…Despite the severity of rotavirus pathology in early childhood, rotavirus vaccination for children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), who are often born preterm and with various previous illnesses, is not performed. …”
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Screening and determinant of suspected developmental delays among Egyptian preschool-aged children: a cross-sectional national community-based study by Ammal M. Metwally, Ali M. Abdallah, Ebtissam M. Salah El-Din, Dina Abu Zeid, Zeinab Khadr, Ghada A. Elshaarawy, Alshaimaa A. Elkhatib, Amal Elsaied, Engy A. Ashaat, Nahed A. Elghareeb, Mohamed H. Abdou, Asmaa M. Fathy, Sherif E. Eldeeb, Mohamed AbdAllah, Muhammed Al-tohamy Soliman, Rokia AbdElshafy S. El Banna, Abdelrahman K. Hassanein, Thanaa M. Rabah, Mohamed Abdelrahman, Sara F. Sallam

“…Abstract Background Early childhood life is critical for optimal development and is the foundation of future well-being. …”
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AMH concentrations in infancy and mid-childhood predict ovarian activity in adolescence: A long-term longitudinal study of healthy girlsResearch in context by Casper P. Hagen, Margit Bistrup Fischer, Christine Wohlfahrt-Veje, Maria Assens, Alexander S. Busch, Anette Tønnes Pedersen, Anders Juul, Katharina M. Main

“…The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the individual tracking of serum AMH concentrations, as well as whether AMH in early childhood reflects ovarian activity in adolescence. …”
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Cytomegalovirus acquisition in infancy and the risk of tuberculosis disease in childhood: a longitudinal birth cohort study in Cape Town, South Africa by Leonardo Martinez, PhD, Mark P Nicol, ProfPhD, Catherine J Wedderburn, MRCPCH, Attie Stadler, MPH, Maresa Botha, MBChB, Lesley Workman, MPH, David M le Roux, MBChB, Heather J Zar, ProfPhD

“…Efforts to prevent tuberculosis in early childhood in high-burden countries might need to deter or delay acquisition of cytomegalovirus perinatally or in the first months of life. …”
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The Histopathologic Examination of a Second Muscle Biopsy Specimen at a Later Date may Sometimes be the Best Approach to Make a Differential Diagnosis in Neuromuscular Disorders by Gulden DINIZ, Berk OZYILMAZ, Sarenur GOKBEN

“…Diagnosis cannot be made based on the histopathologic examination of the first biopsy specimens obtained in early childhood, and the diagnosis is usually established based on the examination of biopsy specimens harvested around the age of 4 1-3. …”
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Evaluating the effectiveness and implementation of evidence-based early-life nutrition interventions in a community setting a hybrid type 1 non-randomized trial – the Nutrition Now... by Nina Cecilie Øverby, Elisabet Rudjord Hillesund, Sissel Heidi Helland, Christine Helle, Andrew Keith Wills, Admassu Nadew Lamu, Natalie Garzon Osorio, Henrik Lian, Torunn Iveland Ersfjord, Wim Van Daele, Tormod Bjørkkjær, Erlend Nuland Valen, Mekdes Kebede Gebremariam, Erik Grasaas, Charlotte Kiland, Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz, Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz, Marianne Hope Abel, Penny Love, Karen Campbell, Harry Rutter, Harry Rutter, Mary Elizabeth Barker, Mary Elizabeth Barker, Mary Elizabeth Barker, Frøydis Nordgård Vik, Anine Christine Medin

“…Nutrition Now targets pregnant women and parents of 0–2-year-olds with messages focusing on healthy dietary behaviours. Early childhood education and care (ECEC) staff are provided with pedagogical tools addressing healthy food exposure and child food acceptance. …”
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Biomarkers for the Discrimination of Acute Kawasaki Disease From Infections in Childhood by Judith Zandstra, Annemarie van de Geer, Michael W. T. Tanck, Diana van Stijn-Bringas Dimitriades, Cathelijn E. M. Aarts, Sanne M. Dietz, Robin van Bruggen, Nina A. Schweintzger, Werner Zenz, Marieke Emonts, Dace Zavadska, Marko Pokorn, Effua Usuf, Henriette A. Moll, Luregn J. Schlapbach, Enitan D. Carrol, Stephane Paulus, Maria Tsolia, Colin Fink, Shunmay Yeung, Shunmay Yeung, Chisato Shimizu, Adriana Tremoulet, Rachel Galassini, Victoria J. Wright, Federico Martinón-Torres, Jethro Herberg, Jane Burns, Michael Levin, Taco W. Kuijpers, Taco W. Kuijpers, EUCLIDS Consortium, PERFORM Consortium and UK Kawasaki Disease Genetics Study Network

“…Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis of early childhood mimicking several infectious diseases. …”
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Clinical and Immunological Features of Human BCL10 Deficiency by Blanca Garcia-Solis, Blanca Garcia-Solis, Blanca Garcia-Solis, Ana Van Den Rym, Ana Van Den Rym, Ana Van Den Rym, Jareb J. Pérez-Caraballo, Jareb J. Pérez-Caraballo, Abdulwahab Al–Ayoubi, Anas M. Alazami, Lazaro Lorenzo, Carolina Cubillos-Zapata, Carolina Cubillos-Zapata, Eduardo López-Collazo, Antonio Pérez-Martínez, Antonio Pérez-Martínez, Luis M. Allende, Janet Markle, Janet Markle, Miguel Fernández-Arquero, Miguel Fernández-Arquero, Silvia Sánchez-Ramón, Silvia Sánchez-Ramón, Maria J. Recio, Maria J. Recio, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Reem Mohammed, Reem Mohammed, Rubén Martinez-Barricarte, Rubén Martinez-Barricarte, Rebeca Pérez de Diego, Rebeca Pérez de Diego, Rebeca Pérez de Diego

“…The patient had recurrent respiratory infections since early childhood, and showed a family history of lethal severe infectious diseases. …”
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Prenatal alcohol exposure and white matter microstructural changes across the first 6–7 years of life: A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study of a South African birth cohort... by K.A. Donald, C.J. Hendrikse, A. Roos, C.J. Wedderburn, S. Subramoney, J.E. Ringshaw, L. Bradford, N. Hoffman, T. Burd, K.L. Narr, R.P. Woods, H.J. Zar, S.H. Joshi, D.J. Stein

“…This study highlights the value of repeated early imaging in longitudinal studies of PAE, and focus for early childhood as a critical window of potential susceptibility as well as an opportunity for early intervention.…”
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A comparison between children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and healthy controls in biomedical factors, trace elements, and microbiota biomarkers: a meta-analysis by Ping Lin, Ping Lin, Qianwen Zhang, Qianwen Zhang, Junyu Sun, Qingtian Li, Dan Li, Mengyuan Zhu, Xiaomei Fu, Ling Zhao, Mengxia Wang, Xiaoyan Lou, Qing Chen, Kangyi Liang, Yuxin Zhu, Caiwei Qu, Zhenhua Li, Peijun Ma, Renyu Wang, Huafen Liu, Huafen Liu, Ke Dong, Xiaokui Guo, Xunjia Cheng, Yang Sun, Jing Sun, Jing Sun

“…IntroductionAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted developmental condition that commonly appears during early childhood. The etiology of ASD remains multifactorial and not yet fully understood. …”
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Scaling up evidence-based digital early life nutrition interventions in a county setting: an implementation trial – protocol for Phase 2 of the Nutrition Now project by Anine Christine Medin, Frøydis Nordgård Vik, Christine Helle, Sissel Heidi Helland, Andrew Keith Wills, Natalie Garzon Osorio, Henrik Lian, Torunn Iveland Ersfjord, Wim Van Daele, Tormod Bjørkkjær, Erlend Nuland Valen, Mekdes Kebede Gebremariam, Erik Grasaas, Charlotte Kiland, Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz, Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz, Marianne Hope Abel, Penny Love, Karen Campbell, Harry Rutter, Harry Rutter, Mary Elizabeth Barker, Mary Elizabeth Barker, Mary Elizabeth Barker, Elisabet Rudjord Hillesund, Nina Cecilie Øverby

“…Nutrition Now targets and guides expectant parents and parents of 0–2 year olds, serves as a reliable source of evidence-based information for midwives and public health nurses at maternal and child healthcare (MCH) centres, and offers pedagogical tools for early childhood education and care (ECEC) staff. The aim of this study is to implement Nutrition Now at scale and evaluate the impact of different sets of multifaceted implementation strategies on implementation outcomes.MethodsA quasi-experimental design with three study arms will be used, providing either low, medium or high implementation support, when rolled out in 50 municipalities in 2 counties in Norway. …”
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Parapharyngeal Neurofibroma in a Pediatric patient by Rubiliza DC. Onofre

“…Neurofibromas ranked second among neuroblastic tumors that occur in the parapharyngeal space.2  Plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) are typically congenital, with approximately 50% occurring in the region of the head, neck,  face, and larynx.6 The growth pattern has not been fully understood, but they appear to grow in early childhood at variable rates with growth and plateau phases. …”
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A EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA E A LUDICIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL CONTRA CRUELDADE ANIMAL E VIOLÊNCIA INTERPESSOAL by Daniel Cortes Beretta, Juciene Silva Oliveira, Daniela Costa Vilela

“…The university extension and ludicity in early childhood education against animal cruelty and interpersonal violence Abstract: Animal cruelty usually coexists with other problems (interpersonal violence, anti-social behavior, bullying, etc.) and it can be identified before the age of seven years. …”
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High-Throughput Drug Screening Identifies Pazopanib and Clofilium Tosylate as Promising Treatments for Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors by Céline Chauvin, Amaury Leruste, Arnault Tauziede-Espariat, Mamy Andrianteranagna, Didier Surdez, Aurianne Lescure, Zhi-Yan Han, Elodie Anthony, Wilfrid Richer, Sylvain Baulande, Mylène Bohec, Sakina Zaidi, Marie-Ming Aynaud, Laetitia Maillot, Julien Masliah-Planchon, Stefano Cairo, Sergio Roman-Roman, Olivier Delattre, Elaine Del Nery, Franck Bourdeaut

“…Summary: Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are aggressive tumors of early childhood characterized by SMARCB1 inactivation. …”
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Primary prevention of coronary heart disease: integration of new data, evolving views, revised goals, and role of rosuvastatin in management. A comprehensive survey by Kones R

“…Pathological and epidemiological data confirm that atherosclerosis begins in early childhood, and advances seamlessly and inexorably throughout life. …”
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Selective laser trabeculoplasty versus drops for newly diagnosed ocular hypertension and glaucoma: the LiGHT RCT by Gus Gazzard, Evgenia Konstantakopoulou, David Garway-Heath, Anurag Garg, Victoria Vickerstaff, Rachael Hunter, Gareth Ambler, Catey Bunce, Richard Wormald, Neil Nathwani, Keith Barton, Gary Rubin, Stephen Morris, Marta Buszewicz

“…Patients were also excluded if they had congenital, early childhood or secondary glaucoma or ocular comorbidities; if they had any previous ocular surgery except phacoemulsification, at least 1 year prior to recruitment or any active treatment for ophthalmic conditions; if they were pregnant; or if they were unable to use topical medical therapy or had contraindications to SLT. …”
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Editorial by Bronwyn Fredericks, Martin Nakata, Katelyn Barney

“…The first suite of articles in this volume focuses on the early childhood context with articles by Locke and Webb providing us with insights into the inclusion of Indigenous knowledges and perspectives in early education and care settings in the first paper and how Aboriginal educators integrated their cultural knowledge and experiences to develop Aboriginal children’s skills in the second. …”
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Hakikat Agama Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Anak Usia Dini by Nurma Nurma, Maemonah Maemonah

“…Keywords: Religion, Character, Early Childhood References Abror, R. H. (2013). RELASI PENDIDIKAN DAN MORALITAS DALAM KONSUMSI MEDIA ; PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN ISLAM. …”
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