THE ADJUSTMENT OF INSTRUMENTS OF NATIONAL BANK OF POLAND TO THE STANDARDS OF THE EUROSYSTEM – OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS by Ilona Pietryka

“…The purpose of this analysis is to determine the degree of adjustment of the instruments discussed, used by the National Bank of Poland to the standards, norms and procedures of the European Central Bank. The adjustment requires the harmonization of all type carried out by the Polish National Bank operations on the open market.…”
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QE3 and Asia : concerns over new monetary easings by J. Soedradjad Djiwandono

“…Quantitative easing in different forms have recently been resorted to by the US Federal Reserve (Fedres), the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank of Japan (BoJ) to rescue their respective economies from prolonged recession. …”
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A mark-up model of inflation for the euro area. by Bowdler, C, Jansen, E

The Assessment: Macroeconomic Policy after EMU. by Allsopp, C, Vines, D

“…We focus on three important elements: the wage-fixing authorities in each country, the fiscal authorities in each country, and the single European Central Bank (ECB). We identify serious problems which might arise in coordinating both the wage-setters and the fiscal authorities, and argue that these problems could be exacerbated if the ECB conducts monetary policy inappropriately. …”

Towards ERM2: managing the relationship between the euro and the other currencies of the European Union by F. SACCOMANNI

“…ERM2 provides for a suspension of intervention and financing by the European Central Bank (ECB) and non-euro banks during price stabilisation. …”
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A silent revolution. How central bank statistics have changed in the last 25 years by Matteo Piazza, Riccardo De Bonis

“… This work provides a comprehensive overview of the giant leap made by European central bank statistics over the last quarter century. …”
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Koszty gotówki i elektronicznych instrumentów płatni-czych w Unii Europejskiej by Karolina Przenajkowska, Michał Polasik

“…It presents the basic definitions used in the calculation of payment costs and the unified methodology of the study proposed in the project directed by the European Central Bank. The results of this research showed that despite a large share in total social costs, cash has the lowest unit costs of payment. …”
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“Banking systems in the euro zone and transmission of monetary policy” by José Alejandro Fernández Fernández

“…The novelty of this research lies in defining the European Central Bank's monetary policy through three dimensions extracted via principal component analysis. …”
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SINGLE EURO PAYMENTS AREA (SEPA) – STRATEGIC VALUE ON THE HIGH DEGREE OF INTEROPERABILITY FOR ALL ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS IN THE FINANCIAL TRANSACTION MARKET by Laurentiu Dumitru Andrei, Petre Brezeanu

“…The introduction of euro currency in 1999 paved the way for policymakers - EU governments, the European Parliament, the European Commission and the European Central Bank - to adopt the SEPA initiative. This is a complex process that aims to integrate the euro payments market, integration that also takes into account Romanian State Treasuries as payment service providers for local and central public administrations. …”
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Greening Banks in the Face of Uncertainty by Agnieszka Smoleńska, Jens van ‘t Klooster

“…<p>To this day, banks continue to plough money into carbon-intensive sectors of the economy while making inadequate provisions for potential losses. The European Central Bank’s 2020 draft Guide on climate-related and environmental risks is a major step in supervisory efforts to address this problem, which so far has escaped critical scrutiny. …”
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Inflation and output volatility under asymmetric incomplete information. by Carboni, G, Ellison, M

The Limits of "Independence" and the Policy of the ECB. by Forder, J

“…It is argued that the European Central Bank's independence is not as secure as it seems and that as a result it has appreciable institutional incentives to protect and enhance its position. …”

Some Issues in Modeling and Forecasting Inflation in South Africa. by Aron, J, Muellbauer, J

“…Central banks’ caution about inflation risks (expressed, for example, in the Federal Reserve minutes of 16 September 2008, released on 7 October, and the European Central Bank’s 2 October 2008 statement about the decision to leave interest rates unchanged) may have been understandable, given the inflation shocks of 2008. …”

(Un)sustainability in a Monetary Union: Main Factors in the Escudo Zone Monetary Union (1963-71) by Maria Eugénia Mata, Mário João Salvador Roldão

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Can Macroeconomics and Ideology Be Separated? Some Experiences from Europe and the Nordic Countries by Jesper Jespersen

“…Therefore, it is explicitly stated within the Treaty of Lisbon that the board of directors of the European Central Bank must not take any direct instructions from the European Council to secure objectivity in the European monetary policy. …”
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Let the Digital Euro Circulate: Introducing a Retail C.B.D.C. in the Eurozone With Unlimited Holdings by Users by Mark Warren

“…The European Central Bank (E.C.B.) anticipates including a holding limit of about e3,000 per user within the design of its potential retail central bank digital currency for the Eurozone, the digital euro. …”
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THE INTERNAL BALANCE OF THE EU NEW MEMBER STATES DURING THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRISIS: A CASE STUDY OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FOREIGN CAPITAL INFLOW STRUCTURE by I. I. Bolotov

“…The paper is based on analysis of data from official sources: Eurostat, the European Central Bank and the World Bank.…”
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INTERVENTION PROGRAMS IN THE MONETARY POLICY OF THE EUROSYSTEM

“…The research is based on analysis of European Central Bank documents and analytical studies of the Polish National Bank concerning non-standard instruments of financial policy. …”
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SUPERVISION OF CREDIT INSTITUTIONS SIGNIFICANT RISKS TO FINANCIAL STABILITY by LUCIAN-ION MEDAR, IRINA-ELENA CHIRTOC, CORICI MARIAN CĂTĂLIN

“…Accession of Romania to Union Banking requires the signing of a linked protocol between the central bank and European Central Bank regarding prudential supervision to ensure financial stability. …”
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Inflazione, disoccupazione e banca centrale: temi per una riconsiderazione critica (Inflation, unemployment and the Central Bank: Themes for a critical reappraisal) by Paolo Sylos Labini

“…A critical reappraisal of the explanation of inflation is now particularly important since the European Central Bank will become operative at the be-ginning of the next year.     …”
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