Special Drawing Right and Currency Risk Management by khalifa Hassanain

“…Each U.S. dollar equivalent is calculated on the basis of the middle rate between the buying and selling exchange rates at noon in the London market, or New York market or on the basis of euro reference rates published by the European Central Bank depending upon availability. For other currencies, SDR rates are based on SDR-USD rate and USD-other currency rate. …”
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Intergenerational wealth transmission and homeownership in Europe-a comparative perspective. by Or Cohen Raviv, Thomas Hinz

“…To do so, we pooled data for 20 European countries from the European Central Bank's Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) for 2010-2017, for household heads aged 25-40. …”
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What Really Ails the Eurozone?: Faulty Supranational Architecture by Assaf Razin, Steven Rosefielde

“…Member states have surrendered control over their monetary and foreign exchange rate policies to the German dominated European Central Bank (ECB), without supplementary central fiscal, private banking and political union institutions. …”
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Multifactor Risk Attribution Applied to Systemic, Climate and Geopolitical Tail Risks for the Eurozone Banking Sector by Giulia Bettin, Gian Marco Mensi, Maria Cristina Recchioni

“…Our climate risk estimate is in line with the results of the 2022 European Central Bank climate stress test, and our geopolitical risk measure shows a positive correlation with the GPRD and Threats index.…”
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Special Drawing Right and Currency Risk Management by khalifa Hassanain

“…Each U.S. dollar equivalent is calculated on the basis of the middle rate between the buying and selling exchange rates at noon in the London market, or New York market or on the basis of euro reference rates published by the European Central Bank depending upon availability. For other currencies, SDR rates are based on SDR-USD rate and USD-other currency rate. …”
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The Impact of Nominal Negative Interest Rates on the Economy – Literature Review by Jakub Kubiczek

“…Since then, the NIRP has been implemented by the National Bank of Denmark, the European Central Bank, the Swiss National Bank and the National Bank of Japan. …”
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Intergenerational wealth transmission and homeownership in Europe–a comparative perspective by Or Cohen Raviv, Thomas Hinz

“…To do so, we pooled data for 20 European countries from the European Central Bank’s Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) for 2010–2017, for household heads aged 25–40. …”
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Special Drawing Right and Currency Risk Management by Khalifa Hassanain

“…Each U.S. dollar equivalent is calculated on the basis of the middle rate between the buying and selling exchange rates at noon in the London market, or New York market or on the basis of euro reference rates published by the European Central Bank depending upon availability. For other currencies, SDR rates are based on SDR-USD rate and USD-other currency rate. …”
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FOREIGN CURRENCY LOAN CONVERSIONS AND CURRENCY MISMATCHES IN ROMANIA by Flavius Darie

“…However, a significant benefit of loan conversion for the financial system is the diminution of the exposure of the banks across Romania to systemic exchange-rate risks to their balance sheet through domestic currency depreciation. The European Central Bank (ECB) warned on several occasions that foreign currency loans represent a major risk to financial stability. …”
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How Much Can the Monetary Policies of Small Open Economies Neighbouring the Eurozone Be Independent? by Ondřej BEDNÁŘ, Božena KADEŘÁBKOVÁ

“…The results show that the monetary authorities of the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Denmark follow the lead of the European Central Bank much more evidently than the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.…”
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Gentrifizierungsprozesse im Frankfurter Ostend. Stadtpolitische Aufwertungsstrategien und Zuzug der Europäischen Zentralbank by Andrea Mösgen, Sebastian Schipper

“…The subsequent displacement processes were accelerated by the 2002 decision to relocate the headquarters of the European Central Bank (ECB) to the Ostend district. Using discourse analysis we show that the relocation decision has led to a distinctive symbolic valorization of the district. …”
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Monitoring Sparse and Attributed Network Streams with MultiLevel and Dynamic Structures by Mostafa Mostafapour, Farzad Movahedi Sobhani, Abbas Saghaei

“…The findings suggest that the proposed model could predict a crisis in advance of significant European Central Bank statements and events.…”
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La restrizione del credito in uno schema di teoria monetaria della produzione: il caso italiano by Guido Traficante, Guglielmo Forges Davanzati

“…However, a monetary policy tightening implemented by the European Central Bank does not lead to a significant credit reduction in Italy, probably due to the low degree of substitutability of bank financing, given that the Italian production structure is mainly characterized by small and medium enterprises. …”
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Navigating Inflation Challenges: AI-Based Portfolio Management Insights by Tibor Bareith, Tibor Tatay, László Vancsura

“…In the euro area, it remained low between 2010 and 2020. The European Central Bank has even had to take action against the emergence of deflation. …”
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Az európai mennyiségi lazítás jellemzői és perspektívái by Tamás Pál

“…Characteristics and perspectives of the European quantitative easing The European Central Bank’s extended asset purchase program was conducted several years later than and under circumstances different from those of similar programs launched by other leading central banks after the 2008 financial crisis. …”
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IS READY ROMANIA FOR EURO ADOPTION? FROM STRUCTURAL CONVERGENCE TO BUSINESS CYCLE SYNCHRONIZATION by Marinas Marius - Corneliu, Socol Cristian, Socol Aura - Gabriela

“…If the shocks are more symmetrical, then common monetary policy of the European Central Bank will act as a tool to neutralize the shocks in the case of Romania, and the euro adoption would have fewer adverse effects. …”
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Fed and ECB: which is informative in determining the DCC between bitcoin and energy commodities? by Abdelkader Derbali, Lamia Jamel, Monia Ben Ltaifa, Ahmed K. Elnagar, Ali Lamouchi

“…Purpose – This paper provides an important perspective to the predictive capacity of Fed and European Central Bank (ECB) meeting dates and production announcements for the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) between Bitcoin and energy commodities returns and volatilities during the period from August 11, 2015 to March 31, 2018. …”
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Az Európai Központi Bank szerepének átalakulása az európai válságkezelés során by Marcell Zoltán Végh, Anita Pelle

“…In the course of the prolonged European crisis, the role of the European Central Bank (ECB) has also changed. Firstly, in times of crisis, facing risks of deflation instead of inflationary pressure, ensuring stability implies other methods than in usual times. …”
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The Financialization of Crude Oil Markets and Its Impact on Market Efficiency: Evidence from the Predictive Ability and Performance of Technical Trading Strategies by Cristiana Tudor, Andrei Anghel

“…Oil price forecasts are of crucial importance for many policy institutions, including the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve Board, but projecting oil market evolutions remains a complicated task, further exacerbated by the financialization process that characterizes the crude oil markets. …”
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Pandemic meltdown and economic recovery – A multi-phase dynamic model, empirics, and policy by Willi Semmler, Jérôme Henry, Helmut Maurer

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