Confining strings in SU(N) gauge theories by Lucini, B, Teper, M

“…We also investigate the basic assumption that confining flux tubes are described by an effective string theory at large distances, and we attempt to determine the corresponding universality class. …”

Sensitivity of detachment extent to magnetic configuration and external parameters by Lipschultz, Bruce, Hutchinson, Ian Horner, Parra Diaz, Felix Ignacio

“…We believe this model is applicable more generally to any thermal fronts in flux tubes with varying magnetic field, and similar sources and sinks, such as detachment fronts in stellarator divertors and solar prominences in coronal loops.…”
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Quasiperiodic Peak Energy Oscillations in X-Ray Bursts from SGR J1935+2154 by Oliver J. Roberts, Matthew G. Baring, Daniela Huppenkothen, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Ersin Göğüş, Yuki Kaneko, Lin Lin, Alexander J. van der Horst, George Younes

“…For burst-emitting plasma consisting purely of e ^+ e ^− pairs, these acoustic modes propagate along a highly magnetized flux tube of length up to around L ∼ 130 neutron star radii, with L being lower if ions are present in the emission zone. …”
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Small-scale Magnetic Fields Are Critical to Shaping Solar Gamma-Ray Emission by Jung-Tsung Li, John F. Beacom, Spencer Griffith, Annika H. G. Peter

“…We introduce a simplified model of the solar magnetic fields that captures the main elements relevant to gamma-ray production. These are a flux tube, representing the network elements, and a flux sheet, representing the intergranular sheets. …”
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Observation of Two Splitting Processes in a Partial Filament Eruption on the Sun: The Role of Breakout Reconnection by Zheng Sun, Ting Li, Hui Tian, Yijun Hou, Zhenyong Hou, Hechao Chen, Xianyong Bai, Yuanyong Deng

“…An extrapolation of the coronal magnetic field reveals a hyperbolic flux tube structure above the filament, indicating the occurrence of breakout reconnection that reduces the constraining field above. …”
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Initiation and Eruption of a Two-turn Helical Quiescent Filament on 2013 August 2 by Yudi Ou, Yingna Su, Jialin Chen, Yanjie Liu, Jinhua Shen, Haisheng Ji

“…During these magnetically coupled sympathetic eruptions, the highly twisted filament under the western lobe of a pseudo-streamer-like structure becomes unstable and erupts due to the removal of confinement by magnetic reconnection at the overlying hyperbolic flux tube, which is initiated by the B9.7 flare in the nearby active region. …”
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Falling film boiling of refrigerants over nanostructured and roughened tubes: Heat transfer, dryout and critical heat flux by Bock, Bradley D, Bucci, Matteo, Markides, Christos N, Thome, John R, Meyer, Josua P

“…Furthermore, in some higher heat flux cases, CHF as a result of DNB for the CuO and nanoFLUX tubes was reached before critical dryout occurred, and DNB became the limiting operational factor. …”
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Exploiting Laboratory and Heliophysics Plasma Synergies by Dahlburg, Jill, Amatucci, William, Brown, Michael, Chan, Vincent, Chen, James, Cothran, Christopher, Chua, Damien, Dahlburg, Russell, Doschek, George, Egedal-Pedersen, Jan, Forest, Cary, Howard, Russell, Huba, Joseph, Ko, Yuan-Kuen, Krall, Jonathan, Laming, J. Martin, Lin, Robert P., Linton, Mark, Lukin, Vyacheslav, Murphy, Ronald, Rakowski, Cara, Socker, Dennis, Tylka, Allan, Vourlidas, Angelos, Warren, Harry, Wood, Brian

“…Laboratory plasma experiments surveyed include the line-tied magnetic reconnection experiments at University of Wisconsin (relevant to coronal heating magnetic flux tube observations and simulations), and a dynamo facility under construction there; the Space Plasma Simulation Chamber at the Naval Research Laboratory that currently produces plasmas scalable to ionospheric and magnetospheric conditions and in the future also will be suited to study the physics of the solar corona; the Versatile Toroidal Facility at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology that provides direct experimental observation of reconnection dynamics; and the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment, which provides well-diagnosed data on three-dimensional (3D) null-point magnetic reconnection that is also applicable to solar active regions embedded in pre-existing coronal fields. …”
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Coordinated Cluster/Double Star observations of dayside reconnection signatures by M. W. Dunlop, M. W. Dunlop, M. G. G. T. Taylor, J. A. Davies, C. J. Owen, F. Pitout, A. N. Fazakerley, Z. Pu, H. Laakso, Y. V. Bogdanova, Q.-G. Zong, C. Shen, K. Nykyri, B. Lavraud, S. E. Milan, T. D. Phan, H. Rème, C. P. Escoubet, C. M. Carr, P. Cargill, M. Lockwood, B. Sonnerup

“…This assertion is further supported by the application of a model designed to track flux tube motion for the prevailing interplanetary conditions. …”
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Influence of the Magnetic Field Topology in the Evolution of Small-Scale Two-Fluid Jets in the Solar Atmosphere by Elton Everardo Díaz-Figueroa, Gonzalo Ares de Parga, José Juan González-Avilés

“…Then, the excitation of the jets is repeated in a magnetic field that mimics a flux tube. Mainly, the jets excited at the upper chromosphere (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>y</mi><mo>∼</mo><mn>1.8</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Mm) reach lower heights than those excited at the lower chromosphere (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>y</mi><mo>∼</mo><mn>1.3</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Mm); this is due to the higher initial vertical location because of the lesser amount of plasma dragging. …”
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Modeling, design, and optimization of permanent magnet synchronous machines by Angle, Matthew G. (Matthew Gates)

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Parker Solar Probe Encounters the Leg of a Coronal Mass Ejection at 14 Solar Radii by D. J. McComas, T. Sharma, E. R. Christian, C. M. S. Cohen, M. I. Desai, M. E. Hill, L. Y. Khoo, W. H. Matthaeus, D. G. Mitchell, F. Pecora, J. S. Rankin, N. A. Schwadron, J. R. Szalay, M. M. Shen, C. R. Braga, P. S. Mostafavi, S. D. Bale

“…The dropout in low-energy energetic ions may be due to the cooling of suprathermal ions at the base of the CME leg flux tube, owing to the rapid outward expansion during the release of the CME.…”
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He⁺ dominance in the plasmasphere during geomagnetically disturbed periods: 1. Observational results by M. H. Denton, M. H. Denton, M. H. Denton, G. J. Bailey, C. R. Wilford, A. S. Rodger, S. Venkatraman

“…Previous explanations for He⁺ dominance in this trough region relate to the part of the respective flux tubes that is in darkness. Such conditions are not relevant for this study, since the whole of the respective flux tubes are sunlit. …”
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Nonthermal Emissions from a Head–Tail Radio Galaxy in 3D Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations by Takumi Ohmura, Katsuaki Asano, Kosuke Nishiwaki, Mami Machida, Haruka Sakemi

“…The radio flux from the flux tubes is much lower than the typical observed flux. …”
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SU(N ) gauge theories in 2+1 dimensions: glueball spectra and k-string tensions by Athenodorou, A, Teper, M

“…We calculate the string tensions of flux tubes in a number of representations, and provide evidence that the leading correction to the N -dependence of the k-string tensions is ∝ 1/N rather than ∝ 1/N2, and that the dominant binding of k fundamental flux tubes into a k-string is via pairwise interactions. …”

Conjugate Ionospheric Perturbation During the 2017 Solar Eclipse by Zhang, Shun‐Rong, Erickson, Philip J., Vierinen, Juha, Aa, Ercha, Rideout, William, Coster, Anthea J., Goncharenko, Larisa P.

“…The plasma pressure gradient was markedly skewed northward in the flux tubes at low and equatorial latitudes, as was the neutral pressure. …”
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On the spectrum and string tension of U(1) lattice gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions by Athenodorou, A, Teper, M

“…We calculate the low-lying spectra of glueballs and confining flux tubes in the U(1) lattice gauge theory in 2 + 1 dimensions. …”

Spin-charge separation and quantum spin Hall effect of $$\beta$$ β -bismuthene by Alexander C. Tyner, Pallab Goswami

“…Abstract Multiple works suggest the possibility of classification of quantum spin Hall effect with magnetic flux tubes, which cause separation of spin and charge degrees of freedom and pumping of spin or Kramers-pair. …”
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Cosmic F- and D-strings from pure Yang–Mills theory by Masaki Yamada, Kazuya Yonekura

“…We discuss the formation of cosmic strings or macroscopic color flux tubes after the deconfinement/confinement phase transition in the pure Yang–Mills theory. …”
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Covariantly constant Yang Mills vacuum fields and condensation of magnetic fluxes by George Savvidy

“…These solutions represent non-perturbative chromomagnetic flux tubes (vortices) and are the superposition of Nielsen-Olesen chromomagnetic vortices of opposite orientations. …”
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