Sonosynthesis of microcellulose from kenaf fiber: optimization of process parameters by Ketabchi, Mohammad Reza, Khalid, Mohammad, Ratnam, Chantara Thevy, Walvekar, Rashmi, Abdullah, Luqman Chuah

“…Further, surface morphology, thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were also used for design validation. …”
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Structural, optical and sensing properties of ionophore doped graphene based bionanocomposite thin film by Zainudin, Afiq Azri, Yap, Wing Fen, Yusof, Nor Azah, Omar, Nur Alia Sheh

“…The structural and optical properties of the bionanocomposite thin film was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ultraviolet-visible near infra-red (UV–vis-NIR). …”
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Investigation of structural, optical and antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) by Ribut, Siti Huzaimah, Che Abdullah, Che Azurahanim, Mustafa, Muskhazli, Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Zaki

“…To acquire the morphology and particle size of the samples, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was used plus the Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) to obtain the elemental composition of ZNONPs. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was to determine the functional group of the samples. …”
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Chemical analysis and consistency characterization of domestic waste bio-asphalts by Tayh, Sady Abd, Muniandy, Ratnasamy, Hassim, Salihudin, Mohd Jakarni, Fauzan

“…Samples of the DWBO-modified binders compared to base binder were tested by running the rotational viscosity (RV). Moreover, the fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis tests were utilized to validate the chemical compositions and bond initiations that caused changes in stiffness and viscosity of the asphalt modified with DWBO from those of base asphalt binders. …”
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Lipase-catalyzed preparation of galactose oleate ester in ionic liquid by Mohd Saupi, Hanim Salami

“…Galactose oleate ester was purified and characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), direct injection-mass spectrometry (DI-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). …”
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Human activities detection and classification based on micro-Doppler signatures near the baseline of forward scattering radar by Alnaeb, Ali, Raja Abdullah, Raja Syamsul Azmir, Salah, Asem Ahmad Mohamad, Sali, Aduwati, Abdul Rashid, Nur Emileen, Ibrahim, Idnin Pasya

“…The signal features of joint time-frequency representations are used for detection, while the support vector machine, which is based on the short-time Fourier transform feature, has been used in the classification process. …”
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Fabrication and performance of PSf/CA blend ultrafiltration membrane on effect of different polymer ratio by Wae Abdulkadir Usin, Wan Aisyah Fadilah, Md. Yunos, Khairul Faezah, Hassan, Abdul Rahman, Mohd. Amin, Nor Amaiza

“…The effect of different polymer ratio on membrane characteristic are discussed in term of flux permeation, morphology, mechanical strength, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and flux recovery ratio (FRR). …”
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Fabrication, characterization and cytotoxicity of spherical-shaped conjugated gold-cockle shell derived calcium carbonate nanoparticles for biomedical applications by Kiranda, Hanan Karimah, Mahmud, Rozi, Abubakar, Danmaigoro, Abu Bakar @ Zakaria, Md Zuki

“…The synthesized conjugated nanomaterial was characterized for its physicochemical properties using transmission electron microscope (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). However, the intricacy of cellular mechanisms can prove challenging for nanomaterial like Au-CSCaCO3NPs and thus, the need for cytotoxicity assessment. …”
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Cisplatin-loaded graphene oxide/chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite as a promising tool for osteosarcoma-affected bone regeneration by Subbiah, Suresh Kumar, Murugan, Sumathra, Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar, Rajan, Mariappan

“…The prepared composites were characterized for the confirmation of composite formation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. …”
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Preparation and physical properties of polypyrrole / zeolite composites by Mohd Tarmizi, Emma Ziezie, Hussein Baqiah, Hussein Abdullah, Talib, Zainal Abidin, Mohamed Kamari, Halimah

“…The structural and physical properties of the samples were studied using X-rays diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission electron scanning microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, van Der Pauw technique and UV–VIS-NIR spectroscopy. …”
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Adaptive Modulation and Coding Using Signal to Noise Ratio Switching Threshold by Jasman, Faezah

“…It offers high data rate transmission with high spectral efficiency, immunity to multipath fading and simple implementation using fast Fourier transform (FFT). However inefficient utilization of the channel will result when OFDM system is designed for worst-case channel conditions. …”
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Removal of methyl orange dye by manganese/aluminium- layered double hydroxide by Mamat, Mazidah, Abdullah, Mohd Aidil Adhha, Mohamad Jaafar, Adila, Soh, S. K. C., Lee, C. E.

“…MnAl was synthesized by using co-precipitation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur (CHNS) elemental analysers, and Accelerated Surface Area and Porosity Analyzer (ASAP). …”
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Study on characterization of Furcraea foetida new natural fiber as composite reinforcement for lightweight applications by Manimaran, P., Senthamaraikannan, P., Sanjay, M. R., Marichelvam, M. K., Jawaid, Mohammad

“…Structural analysis of FF was conducted by Fourier transform infrared and 13C (CP-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. …”
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Iminodiacetic acid modified kenaf fiber for waste water treatment by Razak, Muhammad Raznisyafiq, Yusof, Nor Azah, Haron, Mohammad Jelas, Ibrahim, Norazowa, Mohammad, Faruq, Kamaruzaman, Sazlinda, Al-Lohedan, Hamad A.

“…The K-IDA fiber was first characterized by the instrumental techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, elemental analysis (CHNSO), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). …”
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One-step potentiostatic electrodeposition of polypyrrole/graphene oxide/ multi-walled carbon nanotubes ternary nanocomposite for supercapacitor by Mohd Abdah, Muhammad Amirul Aizat, Mohd Razali, Nurnaili Syahirah, Lim, Pei Teng, Kulandaivalu, Shalini, Sulaiman, Yusran

“…The ternary nanocomposite was further justified its chemical composition by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. …”
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Functional and preliminary characterisation of hydrocolloid from tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) puree by Gannasin, Sri Puvanesvari, Ramakrishnan, Yogeshini, Mohd Adzahan, Noranizan, Syed Muhammad, Sharifah Kharidah

“…Its functional groups and degree of esterification were determined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Monosaccharide profiling was done using reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). …”
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Effect of oxidation degrees of graphene oxide (GO) on the structure and physical properties of chitosan/GO composite films by Foong, Han Lyn, Tan, Chin Ping, Mohd Zawawi, Ruzniza, Zainal Abedin, Nur Hanani

“…Graphene oxide (GO) samples with different oxidation degrees were prepared using the modified and improved Hummers’ method by varying the ratios of graphite to potassium permanganate (KMnO4) at 1:2 (GO1), 1:4 (GO2), 1:6 (GO3), and 1:8 (GO4). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the increase in oxygen-containing groups in GO with the increase in KMnO4 concentration. …”
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Effect of sonication time on the thermal stability, moisture absorption, and biodegradation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) nanocellulose-filled bengkuang (Pachyrhizus ero... by Edi Syafri, Sudirman, Mashadi, Evi Yulianti, Deswita, Mochamad Asrofic, Hairul Abral, Salit, Mohd Sapuan, Ilyas, R. A., Ahmad Fudholi

“…Further, thermogravimetric analysis, moisture absorption measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were performed. …”
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Epoxidation of jatropha methyl esters via acidic ion exchange resin: optimization and characterization by Derahman, Aishah, Zainal Abidin, Zurina, Cardona, Francisco, Awang Biak, Dayang Radiah, Md. Tahir, Paridah, Abdan, Khalina, Liew, Kan Ern

“…This study revealed that the maximum 89.9% relative conversion to oxirane rings was achieved after 6 h with the optimal reaction conditions of temperature at 70 ˚C, the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to unsaturation of 1.5 mol, the molar ratio of acetic acid to unsaturation of 0.5 mol, and catalyst loading of 16%. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of the epoxidized jatropha methyl esters (EJME) showed oxirane peaks (doublet) at 825 and 843 cm-1.1H NMR confirmed the diepoxide group at 2.85 ppm and 2.98 ppm, while the diepoxide signals of 1C NMR were present at 56.88-57.06 ppm. …”

Influence of bismuth oxide on gamma radiation shielding properties of borotellurite glass by Mohamed Kamari, Halimah, A., Zuraidah, M., Ishak, Laoding, Hasnimulyati

“…The structural and shielding property changes after adding of bismuth oxide in boro-tellurite glass were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Lead Equivalent Thickness measurement (LET), respectively. …”
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