Photosynthetic Daily Light Integral Influences Growth, Morphology, Physiology, and Quality of Swordfern Cultivars by Lauren Seltsam, W. Garrett Owen

“…Increasing the DLI significantly affected the frond number of each cultivar differently, whereas dry mass generally increased as the DLI increased from 3.2 to 10.7 to 12.4 mol⋅m−2⋅d−1 for most cultivars. …”
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Energy Absorption in Carbon Fiber Composites with Holes under Quasi-Static Loading by Omar Alhyari, Golam Newaz

“…The failure modes for tubes with holes seem to preserve similar damage modes with delamination, frond creation, and brittle fracture, which is typically observed in regular composite tubes under axial crushing load. …”
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Ensaios sobre a metodologia do estudo da influência de três herbicidas em Spirodela punctata (G.F.W. Meyer) Thompson (Lemnaceae) by Durvalina Maria Mathias dos Santos, Giorgio de Marinis

“…Verificou-se, na comparação dos dois métodos diferentes, que os recipientes utilizados no ensaio 2 foram mais adequados ao cultivo da espécie e que os efeitos tóxicos devem ser observados em frondes consideradas individualmente e não em plantas inteiras.…”
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CUATRO ENSAYOS ECOTOXICOLOGICOS PARA EVALUAR LINDANO Y CLORPIRIFOS FOUR ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASSAYS TO EVALUATE LINDANE AND CHLORPYRIFOS by José Iannacone, Lorena Alvariño, Cecilia Caballero, Javier Sánchez

“…The ecotoxicity of the soil pesticides lindane and chlorpyrifos was performed with: the mortality in tubifids worm Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (LC50 24h) and in three plants: seed germination assay in Lactuca sativa (IC90 96h), root elongation assay in Lycopersicon esculentum (IC50 96h) and the duckweed test in Lemna minor (EC50 48h) (chlorosis, necrosis, colony breakup and new fronds increased) sublethal effects were analized. …”
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Cuticles of <i>Karinopteris beneckei</i> (Potonié ex Huth) Boersma emend., a mariopterid seed fern from the Upper Carboniferous of Lower Silesia (Poland) by M. Krings, S. Schultka

“…Some comments are offered on the paleobiological and paleoecological implications of particular features observed from <i>K. beneckei</i> (e.g., climber hooks confined to distal frond portions, large emergences, and minute stomata) where they are considered relative to adaptations of the plant to special mechanical, ecological, and physiological requirements. …”
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Bio-composting process development by SSF for utilization agro-industrial wastes by Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed, Alam, Md. Zahangir, Ainuddin, Muhammad

“…In Malaysia about 50 million tons of Palm Oil Mill Effluents (POME) and about 40 million tones of Oil Palm Biomass (OPB) in forms of empty fruit bunches (EFB), oil palm trunks (OPT), and oil palm fronds (OPF) are generated from palm oil industries every year, the management practice pose significant environmental problems. …”
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The effect of empty fruit bunches (EFB) mulching on oil palm plantation performances / Amru Al-As Mohd Asri by Mohd Asri, Amru Al-As

“…In total, about 90 million mt of renewable biomass (trunks, fronds, shells, palm press fiber and the empty fruit bunches) are produced each year. …”
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A review of fertilizer management toward productivity of oil palm (Fertilizer placement method) / Aminurhadi Abdullah by Abdullah, Aminurhadi

“…From the review of previous result shows that application of fertilizer by general broadcast on circle, over the frond stack and outside the edge of the palm circle resulted in maximum yield respond. …”
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Beam structure made of oil palm fibre-epoxy composite / Valliyappan David Natarajan, Mimi Azlina Abu Bakar and Anizah Kalam by Natarajan, Valliyappan David, Abu Bakar, Mimi Azlina, Kalam, Anizah

“…The objectives of this fundamental research project are to obtain basic mechanical properties of composite materials (bars) made of indigenous natural fibres sourced from oil palm tree namely the oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre and oil palm frond (OPF) fibre mat and sugar cane husk (SC). The OPEFB samples consist 10 % and 20 % (mass fraction) of EFB fibres while the SC sample is made of 10 % of SC fibre. …”
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Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis and flubendiamide for controlling Metisa plana via aerial spraying in oil palm plantation by Che Ahmad Hafiz Che Manan, Siti Noor Hajjar Md Latip, Ayman Che Razali, Syed Mazuan Syed Mohamed, Cik Mohd Rizuan Zainal Abidin

“…Both Flubendiamide spray volume of 30 and 50 liters ha-1 successfully reduced 100% the population from 196 bagworm per frond (BPF) to 0 BPF at 68 days after treatment (DAT) for 30 liters ha-1 and from 266 BPF to 0 BPF at 68 DAT for 50 liters ha-1. …”
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Bio-oils from pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches by Sukiran, M.A., Chin, C.M., Bakar, N.K.A.

“…The palm oil industry generates an abundance of oil palm biomass such as the mesocarp fibre, shell, empty fruit bunch (EFB), frond, trunk and palm oil mill effluent (POME). For 80 million tonnes of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) processed last year, the amount of oil palm biomass was more than 25 million tones. …”
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Growth response of oil palm sending from decanter cake application as fertiliser substitute in nursery by Abdullah Abdul Rahman, Nur Aainaa Hasbullah, Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh

“…Null hypothesis was tested by comparing vegetative development i.e., seedling’s girth, height, rachis length, frond production, petiole size and true leaf area at 3rd, 6th , and 9 th month after planting (MAP). …”
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Persistence of Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin and Endosulfan in an Oil Palm Agroecosystem by Ma, Choon Kwong

“…Composite soil samples were collected from each replicate plot at 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 em depth. Palm fronds were randomly harvested from the plots and water samples were collected from the adjacent streams and drains along the plots. …”
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Earthworm populations and cast properties in the soils of oil palm plantations by Djunita, Tengku Sabrina, Musa, Mohamed Hanafi, Abd Aziz, Nor Azwady, Tengku Muda Mohamed, Mahmud

“…Oil palm plantations generate a substantial amount of agricultural by-products, such as oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and fronds. These by-products are commonly recycled in the oil palm plantations in order to obtain plant nutrients through decomposition. …”
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Isolation, fruiting and pathogenicity of marasmiellus palmivorus (Sharples) desjardin (comb. prov.) in oil palm plantations in West Malaysia by Pong, V. M., Mior Ahmad, Zainal Abidin, Almaliky, Bushra Subair Abdulsada, Kadir, Jugah, Wong, Mui Yun

“…Rhizomorphs and basidiocarps found on dead fronds or trunks were randomly sampled from the plantations located in the states of Perak and Selangor. …”
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Fermentation kinetics of some oil palm by-products as ruminant feeds. by Wong, Siew Pung, Rajion, Mohamed Ali, Goh, Yong Meng, M., Ebrahimi

“…The in vitro fermentation kinetics of selected oil palm by-products, namely the oil palm fronds (OPF), palm kernel cake (PKC) and decanter cake (DC) were evaluated using the in vitro gas production technique. …”
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Ultrasonic characterisation of oil palm trunk infected by Ganoderma boninense disease by Mamat, Mohd Khairul Najmie

“…Among the physical characteristics that identifiable in oil palm tree that infected by Ganoderma boninense disease was by appearance a mature Ganoderma basidiocarp at the stem, lower fronds of an oil palm tree were dead and fractured. …”
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Using SPOT-7 for nitrogen fertilizer management in oil palm by Khouzani, Mohammad Yadegari, Shamshiri, Redmond R., Mohamed Shariff, Abdul Rashid, Balasundram, Siva Kumar, Mahns, Benjamin

“…Some conventional methods which are used to assess the amount of nutrient in oil palm are time-consuming, expensive, and involve frond destruction. Remote sensing as a non-destructive, affordable, and efficient method is widely used to detect the concentration of chlorophyll (Chl) from canopy plants using several vegetation indices (VIs) because there is an influential relation between the concentration of N in the leaves and canopy Chl content. …”
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Spatial variability of soil organic carbon in oil palm: a comparison between young and mature stands by Law, M. C., Balasundram, Siva Kumar, Mohd Hanif, Ahmad Husni, Ahmed, Osumanu Haruna, Harun, Mohd Haniff

“…A systematic sampling design was employed for soil sampling at the 0-20 cm depth based on a cluster of four palms that comprised three operational zones: Weeded Circle (WC), Frond Heap (FH) and Harvesting Path (HP). A total of 60 sampling clusters were obtained for each site. …”
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Transformation in goat farming community at Mukim Batu Talam, Raub, Pahang through KTP program by Kasim, Azhar, Abdul Rahman, Nordin, Saad, Mohd Zamri, Abu Bakar @ Zakaria, Md Zuki, Samsudin, Anjas Asmara @ Ab Hadi, Tajuddin, Zaidi, Amat @ Halimi, Mahani, Jalil, Hairunnisak, Harun, Rostam

“…The most glaring change is the less dependence on grass or oil palm fronds as fresh green feed. The naturally grown green biomass around Batu Talam are optimally utilised as new forms of green feeds. …”
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