Technical elements in monumental crowns in Hadar by Abd-AlMalik Abd-AlRahman

“…Its glory during the first three centuries AD, and we can observe different cultural influences on this city, and we can trace many cultural aspects of Hatra back to its origins in the Mesopotamian civilization, such as: building the iwan and square building that was familiar in ancient Iraq and the presence of composite names of names of gods known in Ancient Iraq, as some of the gods of Mesopotamia promised themselves by their names in this city, such as (Shamas) (and Narkal) (Nergal), (Bel) (Bel), (Nabu) (Na Bo), (Shahero) and (Shahero) and (Shamla) It is also noted that many of the decorative artistic elements in Hatra have their origins in the Mesopotamian civilization, such as: the triangle, the circle, the intersecting and intersecting circles, the plexus, the cross, the swastika, the snake, the eagle, the compound animals, the rose, the frond, vineyards and clusters of grapes This is in addition to the features of similarities between the religious beliefs that were common in this city and what was known in ancient Iraq. …”
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Optimal synthesis of oil palm eco-industrial town by Mohamad Shukery, Mohamad Firdza

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Renewable levulinic acid production catalyzed by iron modified hy zeolite and functionalized ionic liquid by Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah

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Hydrolysis of biomass to levulinic acid over hy-zeolite supported ionic liquid catalyst by Abu Zarin, Muhammad Anif

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Pretreatment of oil palm lignocellulosic biomass using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate / Intan Suhada Azmi by Azmi, Intan Suhada

“…The ionic liquid used was 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM] Ac and the raw materials were Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) and Oil Palm Frond (OFF). The effect of [EMIM]Ac concentration [0-100%], temperature (70-99°C) and dissolution time (1-3 hours) on pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass was analysed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), It was found that the optimum conditions for the pretreatment is 50-100% [EMIM]Ac concentration, temperature of 99°C and dissolution time of 3 hours. …”
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Cattle-oil palm integration – a viable strategy to increase Malaysian beef self-sufficiency and palm oil sustainability by Grinnell, Natascha A., Linden, Aart van der, Azhar, Badrul, Nobilly, Frisco, Slingerland, Maja

“…The grass A. compressus (64 %) and pruned oil palm fronds (18%) made up most of the cattle's diet, and the leguminous cover crop Pueraria phaseoloides was preferred if present. …”

Effects of Machinery Compaction of Bernam Series Soil (Typic Endoaquepts) on Soil Properties and Oil Palm Performance by Yahya, Zuraidah

“…Although there was no significant difference in trunk height, the palm in the compacted plots exhibited a significant reduction in trunk diameter by 9%, trunk dry weight by 8% and frond dry weight by 6% as compared to the control. …”
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Dissolution of oil palm biomass by alkyl-imidazolium ionic liquids for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis. by Ishak, Zati Ismah

“…The ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([emim]Cl), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([emim]OAc) were used to dissolve oil palm biomass and cellulose fibers which are empty fruit bunches (EFB), oil palm frond (OPF) and oil palm trunk (OPT). Dissolution of 5 wt. % (0.1 g) of fibers/ ILs solutions were conducted at 100 °C under inert atmosphere. …”
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Characterization, reproduction, and pathogenicity of Marasmiellus palmivorus (sharples) desjardin (comb. prov.) of oil palm in Peninsular Malaysia by Pong, Vui Mei

“…Rhizomorphs and basidiocarps found on dead fruits, fronds or trunks of oil palm were randomly sampled from plantations located in the states of Perak and Selangor. …”
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Establishing quality control of oil palm suspension culture via flow cytometry, image cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization by Midin, Mohd Razik

“…The findings of FCM on the nuclear genome sizes of the four adult clonal palms (using leaf samples from Frond-1) varied from 2.59±0.19 pg to 2.91±0.14 pg while for 8-months-old regenerant plantlets (five replicates for each samples) varied from 2.14±0.21 pg to 3.05±0.11 pg. …”
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Alkaline hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch for enhanced ferulic acid release by Mohd Aanifah, Fairouz Jahaan

“…Owing to this fact, the biomass produced is in abundance, namely; oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), mesocarp fibres, palm kernel shells, oil palm fronds and trunks. Among these, OPEFB is the hugely generated lignocellulosic waste. …”
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First report of a 16SrXIV, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis' group phytoplasma associated with coconut yellow decline in Malaysia by Nejat, Naghmeh, Sijam, Kamaruzaman, Abdullah, Siti Nor Akmar, Vadamalai, Ganesan, Dickinson, Matthew

“…Also severe chlorosis of the emerging spear leaf, inflorescence necrosis, premature nut fall, and gradual collapse of fronds occur, and immature palms generally die within 5 months of initial symptom appearance. …”
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Growth, carbohydrate assimilation and leaf gas exchange characteristics of Elaeis guineensis Jacq seedlings under nitrogen fertilization by Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz, Nulit, Rosimah, Megat Wahab, Puteri Edorayati, Najihah, Tuan Sharipah, Razak, Afifah, Mohd Zain, Nurul Amalina

“…Results: As the level of nitrogen application increased, from 90 - 270 g/palm, the plant height, number of frond per plant, basal diameter, leaf area per seedling, root biomass, total dry matter, net assimilation rate (NAR) and relative growth rate (RGR) was statistically significantly increased between nitrogen treatments. …”
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Efficacy of five insecticides against bagworm, Metisa plana Walker and their side effects on oil palm pollinator, Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust by Syed Mohamed, Syed Mazuan

“…Post-census showed that all insecticides were able to reduce the bagworm population below the economic threshold level (10 larvae/ frond) within 15 DAT. Both cypermethrin and MPOB Bt1 resulted in highest mortality of M. plana by 83%, followed by flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole and Btk with mortality rate of 82%, 75%, and 70% respectively. …”
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Development of geospatial model for Metisa plana (Walker) outbreak and outbreak prediction in oil palm plantations in Malaysia by Ruslan, Siti Aisyah

“…Metisa plana (Walker) is a leaves defoliating insect that is able to cause complete skeletonization and death of the oil palm’s fronds. This insect can cause a loss of USD 2.32 billion for two consecutive years given only 10% of the 5 million hectares of oil palms being infested. …”
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Machine learning classification of macronutrient levels in oil palm trees with Landsat-8 imagery by Kok, Zhi Hong

“…The study consisted of 36 plots in which fertilizer applications and foliar analyses of palm leaves from Frond 17 (i.e. Nitrogen(N), Phosphorus(P), Potassium(K), Magnesium(Mg) and Calcium(Ca) ) were conducted for 5 consecutive years (2013 - 2017). …”
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Renewable levulinic acid production catalyzed by iron modified by zeolite and functionalized ionic liquid by Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah

“…Optimization of levulinic acid yield from glucose and oil palm fronds (OPF) were conducted using the response surface methodology (RSM). …”

Optimal synthesis of oil palm eco-industrial town by Mohamad Shukery, Mohamad Firdza

“…Biomass waste produced reached 150 million tons in 2014, which comprised of decanter cake, boiler ash, empty fruit bunch, palm oil mill effluent, oil palm frond, and oil palm trunk. An oil palm eco-industrial town (EIT) was proposed as a new oil palm industry model to balance both economic and environmental needs by integrating oil palm based industries and community. …”
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Development of polyether block amide (PEBAX) nanocomposite membranes using nanoadsorbent from agricultural wastes as fillers for gas separation by Alia Aqilah, Ghazali

“…Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop, characterise, evaluate and optimise the nanocomposite membranes comprised of the coated polyether block amide (Pebax) filled with two different types of nanoadsorbent (pineapple peel and oil palm frond) on the commercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) support membrane. …”
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A clinicopathological analysis of papillary endolymphatic sac tumor in inner ear by Yu-jing LIN, Bin LI, Bo-ning LUO, Zhi LI

“…The stroma of the papillary fronds was richly vascularized and chronically inflamed. …”
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