Knowing when to stop: the brain mechanisms of chasing losses. by Campbell-Meiklejohn, D, Woolrich, M, Passingham, R, Rogers, R

“…METHODS: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural activity while healthy adult participants decided to chase losses or decided to quit gambling to prevent further losses. …”

A neural mechanism underlying failure of optimal choice with multiple alternatives. by Chau, B, Kolling, N, Hunt, LT, Walton, M, Rushworth, M

“…Both investigation of human decision-making and functional magnetic resonance imaging-based measurements of value difference signals in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) bore out this prediction. …”

How do visual instructions influence the motor system? by Passingham, R, Toni, I, Schluter, N, Rushworth, M

“…Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we have shown that the evoked haemodynamic responses in the ventral visual system are time-locked to the presentation of the visual cues, that the response in the motor cortex is locked to the time of response, and that the response in the dorsal premotor cortex shows cuerelated, movement-related and set-related components. …”

The macaque anterior cingulate cortex translates counterfactual choice value into actual behavioral change by Fouragnan, E, Chau, BKH, Folloni, D, Kolling, N, Verhagen, L, Klein-Flügge, MC, Tankelevitch, L, Papageorgiou, GK, Aubry, JF, Sallet, J, Rushworth, MFS

“…Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found two different patterns of activity co-varying with values of counterfactual choices in a circuit spanning the hippocampus, the anterior lateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex. …”

Role of the default mode network in cognitive transitions by Smith, V, Mitchell, DJ, Duncan, J

“…Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we scanned 24 participants performing a task switch experiment. …”

Risk for depression and neural responses to fearful facial expressions of emotion. by Chan, S, Norbury, R, Goodwin, G, Harmer, C

“…METHOD: We compared the neural responses of volunteers who were at high and low-risk for the development of depression (by virtue of high and low neuroticism scores; high-N group and low-N group respectively) during the presentation of fearful and happy faces using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). RESULTS: The high-N group demonstrated linear increases in response in the right fusiform gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus to expressions of increasing fear, whereas the low-N group demonstrated the opposite effect. …”

Prefrontal cortical function and anxiety: controlling attention to threat-related stimuli. by Bishop, S, Duncan, J, Brett, M, Lawrence, A

“…We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with healthy human volunteers to study how the processing of threat-related distractors is controlled and whether this alters as anxiety levels increase. …”

Confidence modulates the decodability of scene prediction during partially-observable maze exploration in humans by Katayama, R, Yoshida, W, Ishii, S

“…We used functional magnetic resonance imaging-based, partially-observable maze navigation tasks in which subjects predicted upcoming scenes and reported their confidence regarding these predictions. …”

Confidence in value-based choice. by De Martino, B, Fleming, S, Garrett, N, Dolan, R

“…As predicted by our dynamic model, we show that a functional magnetic resonance imaging signal in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) reflects both value comparison and confidence in the value comparison process. …”

Dissociation of sensitivity to spatial frequency in word and face preferential areas of the fusiform gyrus by Woodhead, ZVJ, Wise, RJS, Sereno, M, Leech, R

“…Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrated lateralization of activity that was concordant with the low-level visual property of words and faces; left occipitotemporal cortex is more strongly activated by high than by low SF gratings, whereas the right occipitotemporal cortex responded more to low than high spatial frequencies. …”

Affective modulation of anterior cingulate cortex in young people at increased familial risk of depression. by Mannie, Z, Norbury, R, Murphy, SE, Inkster, B, Harmer, C, Cowen, P

“…METHOD: Eighteen young people (mean age 19.8 years) with no personal history of depression but with a biological parent with a history of major depression (FH+ participants) and 16 controls (mean age 19.9 years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing an emotional counting Stroop task. …”

Modeling of regional dynamic CO(2) reactivity in respiratory related brain areas using BOLD fMRI by Mitsis, G, Harvey, A, Dirckx, S, Mayhew, S, Rogers, R, Tracey, I, Wise, R, Pattinson, K, IEEE

“…We have used BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and externally induced CO2 challenges that stimulate respiration, to identify respiratory areas in-vivo in humans and to quantify the dynamic effects of CO2 on the BOLD fMRI signal (dynamic CO2 reactivity). …”

β-Adrenoceptor blockade modulates fusiform gyrus activity to black versus white faces by Terbeck, S, Kahane, G, Mctavish, S, McCutcheon, R, Hewstone, M, Savulescu, J, Chesterman, L, Cowen, P, Norbury, R

“…Materials and method The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in order to determine the neural correlates of this effect. …”

Medial temporal lobe activity at recognition increases with the duration of mnemonic delay during an object working memory task. by Picchioni, M, Matthiasson, P, Broome, M, Giampietro, V, Brammer, M, Mathes, B, Fletcher, P, Williams, S, McGuire, P

“…We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study a delayed matching to sample task in 14 healthy subjects, manipulating the duration of mnemonic delay. …”

Variational Bayes inference of spatial mixture models for segmentation. by Woolrich, M, Behrens, T

“…We examine the behavior of this approach when applied to artificial data with different spatial characteristics, and to functional magnetic resonance imaging statistical parametric maps.…”

Neural mechanisms for learning self and other ownership by Lockwood, P, Wittmann, M, Apps, M, Klein-Flugge, M, Crockett, M, Humphreys, G, Rushworth, M

“…Here we used model-based functional magnetic resonance imaging and a novel minimal ownership paradigm to probe the behavioural and neural mechanisms underpinning ownership acquisition for ourselves, friends and strangers. …”

Learning about pain: the neural substrate of the prediction error for aversive events. by Ploghaus, A, Tracey, I, Clare, S, Gati, J, Rawlins, J, Matthews, P

“…Associative learning is thought to depend on detecting mismatches between actual and expected experiences. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), we studied brain activity during different types of mismatch in a paradigm where contrasting-colored lights signaled the delivery of painful heat, nonpainful warmth, or no stimulation. …”

Crossed cerebral lateralization for verbal and visuo-spatial function in a pair of handedness discordant monozygotic twins: MRI and fMRI brain imaging. by Lux, S, Keller, S, Mackay, C, Ebers, G, Marshall, J, Cherkas, L, Rezaie, R, Roberts, N, Fink, G, Gurd, J

“…Imaging of the brain was undertaken using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in combination with manual performance tasks. …”

Mixture models with adaptive spatial regularization for segmentation with an application to FMRI data. by Woolrich, M, Behrens, T, Beckmann, C, Smith, S

“…We examine the behavior of this model when applied to artificial data with different spatial characteristics, and to functional magnetic resonance imaging SPMs.…”

Hemispheric specialization for processing auditory nonspeech stimuli. by Jamison, H, Watkins, K, Bishop, D, Matthews, P

“…Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to test this hypothesis further. …”