Majorana chain and Ising model - (non-invertible) translations, anomalies, and emanant symmetries by Nathan Seiberg, Shu-Heng Shao

“…Using a Jordan-Wigner transformation, we sum over the spin structures of the lattice model (a procedure known as the GSO projection), while carefully tracking the global symmetries. …”
Get full text

Doublet-triplet splitting in fertile left-right symmetric heterotic string vacua by Alon E. Faraggi, Glyn Harries, Benjamin Percival, John Rizos

“…This is achieved by identifying phenomenologically amenable conditions on the Generalised GSO projection coefficients that are randomly generated at the SO(10) level. …”
Get full text

Cyclic products of Szegö kernels and spin structure sums. Part I. Hyper-elliptic formulation by Eric D’Hoker, Martijn Hidding, Oliver Schlotterer

“…Abstract The summation over spin structures, which is required to implement the GSO projection in the RNS formulation of superstring theories, often presents a significant impediment to the explicit evaluation of superstring amplitudes. …”
Get full text

Fayet–Iliopoulos D-term in non-supersymmetric heterotic string orbifolds by Alonzo R. Diaz Avalos, Alon E. Faraggi, Viktor G. Matyas, Benjamin Percival

“…The same diagram is generated in string vacua in which supersymmetry is broken directly at the string scale, either via spontaneous Scherk–Schwarz breaking, in which case the gravitino mass is determined by the radius of the circle used in the Scherk–Schwarz mechanism, or via explicit supersymmetry breaking by the GSO projections. We analyse the resulting would-be Fayet–Illiopoulos D-term in the non-supersymmetric string vacua and its contribution to the vacuum energy. …”
Get full text