Influence of genetic and environmental factors on the immunogenicity of Hib vaccine in Gambian twins. by Lee, Y, Newport, M, Goetghebuer, T, Siegrist, C, Weiss, H, Pollard, A, Marchant, A

“…The serum anti-PRP antibody concentration of 43 monozygotic (MZ) and 147 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs in the Gambia was measured using a standardised Hib ELISA. …”

Culture-independent detection and characterisation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. africanum in sputum samples using shotgun metagenomics on a benchtop sequencer by Emma L. Doughty, Martin J. Sergeant, Ifedayo Adetifa, Martin Antonio, Mark J. Pallen

“…We therefore explored the potential of shotgun metagenomics, sequencing of DNA from samples without culture or target-specific amplification or capture, to detect and characterise strains from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in smear-positive sputum samples obtained from The Gambia in West Africa. Eight smear- and culture-positive sputum samples were investigated using a differential-lysis protocol followed by a kit-based DNA extraction method, with sequencing performed on a benchtop sequencing instrument, the Illumina MiSeq. …”
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Admixture into and within sub-Saharan Africa by George BJ Busby, Gavin Band, Quang Si Le, Muminatou Jallow, Edith Bougama, Valentina D Mangano, Lucas N Amenga-Etego, Anthony Enimil, Tobias Apinjoh, Carolyne M Ndila, Alphaxard Manjurano, Vysaul Nyirongo, Ogobara Doumba, Kirk A Rockett, Dominic P Kwiatkowski, Chris CA Spencer, Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network

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Immunoinformatic design of a putative multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Trypanosoma brucei gambiense by Ammar Usman Danazumi, Salahuddin Iliyasu Gital, Salisu Idris, Lamin BS Dibba, Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun, Maria Wiktoria Górna

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Transmission prevention behaviors in US households with SARS-CoV-2 cases in 2020 by Rebecca J. Rubinstein, Wenwen Mei, Caitlin A. Cassidy, Gabrielle Streeter, Christopher Basham, Carla Cerami, Carla Cerami, Feng-Chang Lin, Jessica T. Lin, Katie R. Mollan, Katie R. Mollan

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Novel Technological Advances to Protect People Who Exercise or Work in Thermally Stressful Conditions: A Transition to More Personalized Guidelines by Leonidas G. Ioannou, Urša Ciuha, Jason T. Fisher, Lydia Tsoutsoubi, Kunihito Tobita, Ana Bonell, James D. Cotter, Glen P. Kenny, Andreas D. Flouris, Igor B. Mekjavic

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Influence of ultrasonication time on the various properties of alkaline-treated mango seed waste filler reinforced PVA biocomposite by Asrofi Mochamad, Setyobudi Rizki, Ilyas R. A., Sanyang M. L., Adegbenjo A. O., Idris I., Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar, Midhun Dominic C. D., Knight V. F., Norrrahim M. N. F., Rajeshkumar L., Asyraf M. R. M.

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Prevalence and associated influential factors of mental health problems among Chinese college students during different stages of COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review by Ishmail Conteh, Junxia Yan, Kodzovi Sylvain Dovi, Ousman Bajinka, Isaac Yaw Massey, Bashiru Turay

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Coding splits in the adnominal possessive construction and alienability: the case of Mandinka (West Mande) by Creissels Denis

“…In the adnominal possessive construction of Mandinka (a West Mande language spoken in Gambia, Senegal, and Guinea Bissau), the possessor NP may be simply juxtaposed to the possessee or flagged by the postposition lá. …”
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Partial sums of analytic functions defined by binomial distribution and negative binomial distribution by Rubab Nawaz, Saira Zainab, Fairouz Tchier, Qin Xin, Afis Saliu, Sarfraz Nawaz Malik

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The Motivation of Diplomatic Switch of Selected States Newly Recognizing China Within the China-Taiwan Rivalry by Zdeněk Rod, Michal Himmer

“…The authors of the article focus on the period between 2016 and 2018, when the People’s Republic of China (PRC) established its diplomatic ties with Taiwan’s former allies such as Gambia, Burkina Faso, the Dominican Republic, Panama, São Tomé and Príncipe and El Salvador. …”
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Impact of Withdrawal State Parties in 1998 Rome Statute of the Existence of International Criminal Court by Sandy Kurnia Christmas

“…Eighteen years of operation of the ICC since 2002, ICC experienced a case where the state it one by one withdraw from membership, such as South Africa, Burundi, Gambia and the Philippines, which is due to the inclusion of ICC investigations related to these state as well as several reasons related to the existence of discriminatory ICC judicial operations patterns. …”
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The Motivation of Diplomatic Switch of Selected States Newly Recognizing China Within the China-Taiwan Rivalry by Zdeněk Rod, Michal Himmer

“…The authors of the article focus on the period between 2016 and 2018, when the People’s Republic of China (PRC) established its diplomatic ties with Taiwan’s former allies such as Gambia, Burkina Faso, the Dominican Republic, Panama, São Tomé and Príncipe and El Salvador. …”
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Influence of genetic and environmental factors on the immunogenicity of Hib vaccine in Gambian twins by Lee, Y, Newport, M, Goetghebuer, T, Siegrist, C, Weiss, H, Pollard, A, Marchant, A, MRC Twin Study Group

“…The serum anti-PRP antibody concentration of 43 monozygotic (MZ) and 147 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs in the Gambia was measured using a standardised Hib ELISA. …”

Sequence analysis of HLA-Bw53, a common West African allele, suggests an origin by gene conversion of HLA-B35. by Allsopp, C, Hill, A, Kwiatkowski, D, Hughes, A, Bunce, M, Taylor, C, Pazmany, L, Brewster, D, Mcmichael, A, Greenwood, B

“…In the West African population of the Gambia the class I antigen HLA-Bw53 is found at high frequency. …”

Tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin-alpha polymorphisms and severe malaria in African populations. by Clark, T, Diakite, M, Auburn, S, Campino, S, Fry, A, Green, A, Richardson, A, Small, K, Teo, Y, Wilson, J, Jallow, M, Sisay-Joof, F, Pinder, M, Griffiths, M, Peshu, N, Williams, T, Marsh, K, Molyneux, M, Taylor, T, Rockett, K, Kwiatkowski, D

“…In a large study involving >10,000 individuals and encompassing 3 African populations, we found evidence to support the reported associations between the TNF -238 polymorphism and SM in The Gambia. However, no TNF/LTA polymorphisms were found to be associated with SM in cohorts in Kenya and Malawi. …”

Variation in the TNF-alpha promoter region associated with susceptibility to cerebral malaria. by McGuire, W, Hill, A, Allsopp, C, Greenwood, B, Kwiatkowski, D

“…The maintenance of the TNF2 allele at a gene frequency of 0.16 in The Gambia implies that the increased risk of cerebral malaria in homozygotes is counterbalanced by some biological advantage.…”

The effects of malaria chemoprophylaxis given by traditional birth attendants on the course and outcome of pregnancy. by Greenwood, B, Greenwood, A, Snow, R, Byass, P, Bennett, S, Hatib-N'Jie, AB

“…A trial of malaria chemoprophylaxis given by traditional birth attendants was undertaken in a rural area of The Gambia where access to antenatal clinics is difficult. …”

Absence of an association between intercellular adhesion molecule 1, complement receptor 1 and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms and severe malaria in a West Afr... by Bellamy, R, Kwiatkowski, D, Hill, A

“…Over 1200 children in The Gambia were typed for polymorphisms of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), complement receptor 1 (CR-1) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-IRA) genes. …”

Post-discharge malaria chemoprevention in children admitted with severe anaemia in malaria-endemic settings in Africa: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis... by Kamija S Phiri, ProfMD PhD, Carole Khairallah, MSc, Titus K Kwambai, MD PhD, Kalifa Bojang, MD PhD, Aggrey Dhabangi, MD PhD, Robert Opoka, MD PhD, Richard Idro, MD PhD, Kasia Stepniewska, PhD, Michael Boele van Hensbroek, ProfPhD, Chandy C John, ProfPhD, Bjarne Robberstad, ProfPhD, Brian Greenwood, ProfMD, Feiko O ter Kuile, ProfMD PhD

“…Participants received monthly sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine until the end of the malaria transmission season (mean 3·1 courses per child [range 1–6]; n=1085; The Gambia), monthly artemether–lumefantrine given at the end of weeks 4 and 8 post discharge (n=1373; Malawi), or monthly dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine given at the end of weeks 2, 6, and 10 post discharge (n=1049; Uganda and Kenya). …”
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