The rise and fall of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: a mini review by Yunmei Liang, Dingle Yu, Qinghua Lu, Qinghua Lu, Yuejie Zheng, Yonghong Yang, Yonghong Yang

“…Considering the recent resurgence of scarlet fever and increased incidence of streptococcal pharyngitis in children, an investigation of the current status of ARF and RHD may be worthwhile.ObjectiveTo summarize the prevalence trends, pathogenic factors, and prevention strategies for ARF and RHD in children.MethodsA selective search of literature published between January 1920 and February 2023 was done in PubMed, using the terms “acute rheumatic fever”, “rheumatic heart disease”, “group A Streptococcus”, “pharyngitis”, “pharyngeal tonsillitis”, “scarlet fever”, “impetigo”, “obstructive sleep apnea syndrome” and “child”.ResultsOvercrowded homes and inadequate sanitation led to recurrent group A streptococcal infection, and the causal relationship between group A streptococcal infection and ARF/RHD was well established. …”
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Acute Epiglottitis with Concurrent Pneumonia and Septic Shock in an Alcoholic Adult Patient by Alexandra Chitty, Kevin Taylor

“…This report describes a case of acute bacterial epiglottitis in an adult patient secondary to infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococcal infection. This case demonstrates the importance of early recognition of epiglottitis in adults, as they can experience rapid clinical decline. …”
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Severe maternal sepsis in the UK, 2011–2012: A national case-control study by Acosta, CD, Kurinczuk, JJ, Lucas, DN, Tuffnell, DJ, Sellers, S, Knight, M

“…Signs of severe sepsis in peripartum women, particularly with confirmed or suspected group A streptococcal infection, should be regarded as an obstetric emergency.…”

Evolution, evidence and effect of secondary prophylaxis against rheumatic fever by Rosemary Wyber, Jonathan Carapetis

“…The association between group A streptococcal infection and rheumatic fever (RF) was established in the early 20 th century. …”
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Toxic epidermal necrolysis due to dual infection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcus complicated by herpes simplex virus by Suma D Gudi, Sambasiviah Chidambara Murthy, Niveditha Nagaraja, Vandana Devendra

“…Radiological and laboratory investigations showed evidence of Mycoplasma pneumonia and Group A Streptococcal infection. The course was further complicated by herpes simplex 1 infection. …”
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STATUS AND TRENDS OF THE EPIDEMIC SITUATION OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL (GAS) INFECTIONS IN RUSSIA IN RECENT YEARS by N. I. Briko, E. V. Glushkova

“…A retrospective epidemiological analysis of official statistical reporting data (f. 2, f. 12) about the incidence and prevalence of the most significant. forms of group A streptococcal infection in 2009 - 2016 was performed. …”
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Septic Arthritis caused by Group A Streptococcus in Newborn: An Unusual Presentation by Sivaraman Umadevi, Arunava Kali, Srirangaraj Sreenivasan, S. Pramodhini, M.V. Pravin Charles

“…Bone and joint infections which are caused by Group B Streptococcus are also encountered frequently, but they have not yet been reported in case of Group A Streptococcal infection in neonates. Here, we are reporting a case of septic arthritis and late onset neonatal sepsis which were caused by Group A Streptococcus in a full term, healthy baby.…”
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Spontaneous perforation of the cystic duct in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a case report by Endeman Henrik, Ligtenstein David A, Oudemans-van Straaten Heleen M

“…<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is a complication of group A streptococcal infection, most often originating from the skin. …”
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Terminal Ileitis: A Rare Complication of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in Children by Ana Lia Costa Mano, Mafalda Casinhas Santos, Sara Limão, Florbela Cunha

“…Gastrointestinal symptoms are reported in 50%-75% and they are related to a previous group A streptococcal infection in 40%. A healthy 5-year-old girl presented with a three-week history of a recurrent purpuric rash on the lower limbs, ar­thralgia and angioedema, without renal involvement. …”
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Terminal Ileitis: A Rare Complication of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in Children by Ana Lia Costa Mano, Mafalda Casinhas Santos, Sara Limão, Florbela Cunha

“…Gastrointestinal symptoms are reported in 50%-75% and they are related to a previous group A streptococcal infection in 40%. A healthy 5-year-old girl presented with a three-week history of a recurrent purpuric rash on the lower limbs, ar­thralgia and angioedema, without renal involvement. …”
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Terminal Ileitis: A Rare Complication of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in Children by Ana Lia Costa Mano, Mafalda Casinhas Santos, Sara Limão, Florbela Cunha

“…Gastrointestinal symptoms are reported in 50%-75% and they are related to a previous group A streptococcal infection in 40%. A healthy 5-year-old girl presented with a three-week history of a recurrent purpuric rash on the lower limbs, ar­thralgia and angioedema, without renal involvement. …”
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An Evaluation of Platelet Parameters and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratios in Children with Acute Rheumatic Fever by Abdulvahit Aşık, Nilgün Selçuk Duru, Murat Elevli

“…Aim:Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an inflammatory disease developing as a response to group A streptococcal infection. Platelet parameters and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) have been used as markers of inflammation severity in various inflammatory diseases in recent years. …”
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Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Literature Review by Enora Atchade, Christian De Tymowski, Nathalie Grall, Sébastien Tanaka, Philippe Montravers

“…Streptococcal TSS is linked to a severe group A streptococcal infection and, most frequently, to a necrotizing soft tissue infection. …”
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Dopamine receptor autoantibodies correlate with symptoms in Sydenham's chorea. by Hilla Ben-Pazi, Julie A Stoner, Madeleine W Cunningham

“…<h4>Background</h4>Sydenham chorea (SC), a neuropsychiatric sequela of group-A streptococcal infection, is associated with basal ganglia autoantibodies. …”
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Association between a common immunoglobulin heavy chain allele and rheumatic heart disease risk in Oceania by Tom Parks, Mariana M. Mirabel, Joseph Kado, Kathryn Auckland, Jaroslaw Nowak, Anna Rautanen, Alexander J. Mentzer, Eloi Marijon, Xavier Jouven, Mai Ling Perman, Tuliana Cua, John K. Kauwe, John B. Allen, Henry Taylor, Kathryn J. Robson, Charlotte M. Deane, Andrew C. Steer, Adrian V. S. Hill, Pacific Islands Rheumatic Heart Disease Genetics Network

“…Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a chronic auto-inflammatory reaction to group A streptococcal infection, and frequently occurs in individuals from the South Pacific. …”
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Proteolytic Profiling of Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin B (SpeB) by Complementary HPLC-MS Approaches by Constantin Blöchl, Christoph Holzner, Michela Luciano, Renate Bauer, Jutta Horejs-Hoeck, Ulrich Eckhard, Hans Brandstetter, Christian G. Huber

“…Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SpeB) is a cysteine protease expressed during group A streptococcal infection that represents a major virulence factor. …”
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Paediatric acute rheumatic fever in developed countries: Neglected or negligible disease? Results from an observational study in Lombardy (Italy) by Viorica Munteanu, Antonella Petaccia, Nicolae Contecaru, Emanuele Amodio, Carlo Virginio Agostoni

“…<em>Introduction: </em>Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) is a multisystemic disease that results from an autoimmune reaction due to group A streptococcal infection. The disease affects predominantly children aged 5 to 15 years and although its incidence in developed Countries declined since the early 1900s, to date there is a paucity of data that confirm this epidemiological trend. …”
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Causes and consequences of maternal sepsis in the UK by Acosta-Nielsen, C

“…Sepsis progresses very rapidly particularly with group A streptococcal infection. Approximately 20% of women with severe sepsis progress to septic shock and 2% of women die.…”

Whole genome sequencing of group A Streptococcus: development and evaluation of an automated pipeline for emmgene typing by Georgia Kapatai, Juliana Coelho, Steven Platt, Victoria J. Chalker

“…Estimated annual incidence for invasive group A streptococcal infection (iGAS) in industrialised countries is approximately three per 100,000 per year. …”
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A human monoclonal antibody bivalently binding two different epitopes in streptococcal M protein mediates immune function by Wael Bahnan, Lotta Happonen, Hamed Khakzad, Vibha Kumra Ahnlide, Therese deNeergaard, Sebastian Wrighton, Oscar André, Eleni Bratanis, Di Tang, Thomas Hellmark, Lars Björck, Oonagh Shannon, Lars Malmström, Johan Malmström, Pontus Nordenfelt

“…Here, we have generated antibodies derived from the memory B cells of an individual who had successfully cleared a group A streptococcal infection. The antibodies bind with high affinity in the central region of the surface‐bound M protein. …”
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