Monitoring Cardiovascular Medicine Prices as a Tool for Analyzing the Effectiveness of Government Intervetions to Ensure Access to Medicines at the Regional Level by C. M. Razzakova, L. E. Ziganshina

“…We performed a comparative analysis of prices of cardiovascular medicines in 2017 and 2018 in Kazan using the World Health Organization and Health Action International (WHO/HAI) methodology, to assess medicines' availability and affordability to ensure their rational use. …”
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Baseline assessment of WHO's target for both availability and affordability of essential medicines to treat non-communicable diseases. by Margaret Ewen, Marjolein Zweekhorst, Barbara Regeer, Richard Laing

“…We undertook a secondary analysis of data from 30 surveys in low- and middle-income countries, conducted from 2008-2015 using the World Health Organization (WHO)/Health Action International (HAI) medicine availability and price survey methodology, to establish a baseline for this target. …”
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A comprehensive survey of cancer medicines prices, availability and affordability in Ghana. by Phyllis Ocran Mattila, Richard Berko Biritwum, Zaheer Ud-Din Babar

“…<h4>Method</h4>The methods developed and standardized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with the Health Action International (HAI), was adapted and used to measure prices, availability, and affordability of cancer medicines in Ghana. …”
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Affordability of Medication Therapy in Diabetic Patients: A Scenario-Based Assessment in Iran’s Health System Context by Leila Zarei, Payam Peymani, Najmeh Moradi, Mehrnaz Kheirandish, Mahtabalsadat Mirjalili, Marziyeh Zare

“…Then the affordability ratio of each treatment scenario was determined for type 1 and type 2 diabetes drawing on the World Health Organization (WHO)/Health Action International (HAI) Methodology. If the affordability ratio for treatment schedules was more than 1, the patients’ out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses exceeded the lowest-paid unskilled government worker (LPGW)’ wage per day, and the treatment was labelled as non-affordable. …”
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Access to cardiovascular medicines in low- and middle-income countries: a mini review by Mark Amankwa Harrison, Afia Frimpomaa Asare Marfo, Augustine Annan, Daniel Nii Amoo Ankrah

“…We also reviewed studies reporting affordability or availability using the World Health Organisation/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) method. Levels of affordability and availability were compared. …”
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Assessing national governance of medicine promotion: an exploratory study in Ghana to trial a structured set of indicators by Marcia McLean, Jillian Clare Kohler, Danny Edwards

“…Methods Two existing tools, one developed by the World Health Organization and the other by Health Action International with the Medicines Transparency Alliance, were adapted to examine the governance of pharmaceutical promotion, resulting in a hybrid framework of 45 indicators of system strength, grouped into four categories: a) Governance of prescription medicines, b) Health care professional codes and regulations, c) Anti-corruption governance, and d) Indexes. …”
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Evaluating the Price, Availability, and Affordability of Essential Medicines in Primary Healthcare Institutions: A Mixed Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Study in Jiangsu, China by Xiao Wang, Xuan He, Yuqin Ren, Zhuolin Zhang, Lele Cai, Zhaoliu Cao, Xin Li, Xin Li, Xin Li

“…ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the price, availability, and affordability of essential medicines in primary healthcare institutions in Jiangsu Province.MethodsA mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional survey was conducted in primary healthcare institutions in Jiangsu based on the adjusted World Health Organization and Health Action International methodology. 45 essential medicines were collected from 30 primary healthcare institutions in Nanjing from 2016 to 2020. …”
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Access to essential medicines for diabetes care: availability, price, and affordability in central Ethiopia by Hachalu Dugasa Deressa, Habtamu Abuye, Alemayehu Adinew, Mohammed K. Ali, Tedla Kebede, Bruck Messele Habte

“…Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 60 selected public and private medicine outlets in central Ethiopia from January to February 2022 using the World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) standard tool to assess access to EMs. …”
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Disponibilidade no setor público e preços no setor privado: um perfil de medicamentos genéricos em diferentes regiões do Brasil Availability of generic drugs in the public sector a... by Elaine Silva Miranda, Cláudia Du Bocage Santos Pinto, André Luis de Almeida dos Reis, Isabel Cristina Martins Emmerick, Mônica Rodrigues Campos, Vera Lucia Luiza, Claudia Garcia Serpa Osorio-de-Castro

“…A list of medicines to treat prevalent diseases was investigated, using the medicines price methodology developed by the World Health Organization and Health Action International, adapted for Brazil. In the public sector, bioequivalent (vis-à-vis reference brand) generics are less available than multisource products. …”
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Access to Essential Medicines and Diagnostic Tests for Cardiovascular Diseases in Maputo City, Mozambique by Neusa Jessen, Abhishek Sharma, Jennifer Jones, Tangeni Auala, Sainimere Boladuadua, Ahmadou Jingi, Jose Ferrer, Ana Olga Mocumbi

“…Methods: Using a modified version of World Health Organization (WHO)/Health Action International (HAI) methodology, we collected data on availability and price of 14 WHO Core EMs and 35 CV EMs in all 6 public-sector hospitals, 6 private-sector hospitals, and 30 private-retail pharmacies. …”
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User requirements for non-invasive and minimally invasive glucose self-monitoring devices in low-income and middle-income countries: a qualitative study in Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Peru a... by David Beran, Maria Lazo-Porras, Kaushik Ramaiya, Maria Maixenchs, Stephane Besancon, Guillermo Z Martínez-Pérez, Castory Munishi, Silvana Perez-Leon, Elvis Safary, Beatrice Vetter, Molly Lepeska, Aida Abdraimova, Asel Dunganova, Jill Portocarrero Mazanett, Happy Nchimbi

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Availability, pricing and affordability of essential medicines in Eastern Ethiopia: a comprehensive analysis using WHO/HAI methodology by Mekonnen Sisay, Firehiwot Amare, Bisrat Hagos, Dumessa Edessa

“…Public and private health facilities found in Eastern Ethiopia and which fulfilled criteria set forth by WHO/Health Action International (HAI) guideline and essential medicines listed on WHO/HAI guideline and essential medicine list of Ethiopia were included. …”
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Investigating Genetic and Other Determinants of First-Onset Myocardial Infarction in Malaysia: Protocol for the Malaysian Acute Vascular Events Risk Study by Rajiv Chowdhury, Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh, Sophia Rasheeqa Ismail, Kim Robin van Daalen, Puteri Sofia Nadira Megat Kamaruddin, Siti Hafizah Zulkiply, Nur Hayati Azizul, Norhayati Mustafa Khalid, Azizan Ali, Izyan Mohd Idris, Yong Shih Mei, Shazana Rifham Abdullah, Norfashihah Faridus, Nur Azirah Md Yusof, Nur Najwa Farahin M Yusoff, Rahman Jamal, Aizai Azan Abdul Rahim, Abdul Kahar Abdul Ghapar, Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan, Alan Yean Yip Fong, Omar Ismail, Saravanan Krishinan, Chuey Yan Lee, Liew Houng Bang, Eashwary Mageswaren, Kauthaman Mahendran, Nor Hanim Mohd Amin, Gunavathy Muthusamy, Aaron Ong Hean Jin, Ahmad Wazi Ramli, Noel Thomas Ross, Anwar Irawan Ruhani, Mansor Yahya, Yusniza Yusoff, Siti Khairani Zainal Abidin, Laryssa Amado, Thomas Bolton, Sophie Weston, Jason Crawte, Niko Ovenden, Ank Michielsen, Md Mostafa Monower, Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin, Angela Wood, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Nur Suffia Sulaiman, John Danesh, Adam S Butterworth

“…It should help to hasten the discovery of disease-causing pathways and inform regionally appropriate strategies that optimize public health action. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR1-10.2196/31885…”
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