Concussion rates and effects on player performance in Major League Baseball players by Sabesan VJ, Prey B, Smith R, Lombardo DJ, Borroto WJ, Whaley JD

“…The most common causes identified as being hit by pitch or struck by a foul ball or foul tip. While new league rules prevent collisions with catchers at home plate, injury by a foul tip was the most common cause for concussion. …”
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The Athletic Intelligence Quotient and Performance Outcomes in Professional Baseball by James Kenneth Bowman, R. Thomas Boone, Scott Goldman, Alex Auerbach

“…Using hierarchical multiple regression, it was demonstrated that the AIQ predicted statistically significant relationships with hitting and pitching statistics, after controlling for other variables. …”
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