Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices by Berdyugin, Alexey I, Xin, Na, Gao, Haoyang, Slizovskiy, Sergey, Dong, Zhiyu, Bhattacharjee, Shubhadeep, Kumaravadivel, P, Xu, Shuigang, Ponomarenko, LA, Holwill, Matthew, Bandurin, DA, Kim, Minsoo, Cao, Yang, Greenaway, MT, Novoselov, KS, Grigorieva, IV, Watanabe, K, Taniguchi, T, Fal’ko, VI, Levitov, LS, Kumar, Roshan Krishna, Geim, AK

“…Key signatures of the out-of-equilibrium state are current-voltage characteristics that resemble those of superconductors, sharp peaks in differential resistance, sign reversal of the Hall effect, and a marked anomaly caused by the Schwinger-like production of hot electron-hole plasma. The observed behavior is expected to be common to all graphene-based superlattices.…”
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Quasiparticle lifetimes in magnesium clusters modeled by self-consistent GWΓ calculations by He, Yi, Zeng, Taofang

“…In the high-excitation-energy regime, scaled lifetimes of hot electrons converge to the range of 21–24 fs eV[superscript 2]. …”
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Terahertz heterodyne spectrometer using a quantum cascade laser by Ren, Y., Hovenier, J. N., Higgins, R., Gao, J. R., Klapwijk, T. M., Shi, S. C., Bell, A., Klein, B., Williams, B. S., Kumar, S., Reno, J. L., Hu, Qing

“…A terahertz (THz) heterodyne spectrometer is demonstrated based on a quantum cascade laser(QCL) as a local oscillator (LO) and an NbN hot electron bolometer as a mixer, and it is used to measure high-resolution molecular spectral lines of methanol (CH[subscript 3]OH) between 2.913–2.918 THz. …”
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Stabilized HEB-QCL heterodyne spectrometer at super-terahertz by Ren, Y., Hayton, D. J., Hovenier, J. N., Cui, M., Gao, J. R., Klapwijk, T. M., Shi, S. C., Kao, Tsung-Yu, Hu, Q., Reno, J. L.

“…We report a new experiment on a high-resolution heterodyne spectrometer using a 3.5 THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) as local oscillator (LO) and a superconducting hot electron bolometer (HEB) as mixer by stabilizing both frequency and amplitude of the QCL. …”
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Mechanistic insight into deep holes from interband transitions in Palladium nanoparticle photocatalysts by Pin Lyu, Randy Espinoza, Md. Imran Khan, William C. Spaller, Sayantani Ghosh, Son C. Nguyen

“…Summary: Utilizing hot electrons generated from localized surface plasmon resonance is of widespread interest in the photocatalysis of metallic nanoparticles. …”
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Materials genome evolution of surface plasmon resonance characteristics of Au nanoparticles decorated ZnO nanorods by Sheng-Che Yen, Yu-Lin Chen, Yen-Hsun Su

“…The effect of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from noble metal nanostructures such as gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) has been proposed to promote the generation of energetic hot electrons as well as boosting resonant energy transfer, thereby resulting in significantly enhancing solar-light harvesting and energy conversion efficiency. …”
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Ultra-Broadband High-Efficiency Solar Absorber Based on Double-Size Cross-Shaped Refractory Metals by Hailiang Li, Jiebin Niu, Congfen Zhang, Gao Niu, Xin Ye, Changqing Xie

“…The absorber we proposed can be used in solar energy absorber, thermal photovoltaics, hot-electron devices and so on.…”
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Few-Femtosecond Dynamics of Free-Free Opacity in Optically Heated Metals by A. Niedermayr, M. Volkov, S. A. Sato, N. Hartmann, Z. Schumacher, S. Neb, A. Rubio, L. Gallmann, U. Keller

“…Recent experimental and theoretical investigations of nonequilibrium aluminum, which is considered to be a good real-world representation of an ideal free-electron metal, showed that, despite significant progress, the transient hot-electron/cold-ion state is not well understood. In particular, the role of plasmon broadening, screening, and electron degeneracy remains unclear. …”
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Schottky Barrier and Surface Plasmonic Resonance Phenomena Towards the Photocatalytic Reaction: Study of Their Mechanisms to Enhance Photocatalytic Activity by Khan, Maksudur R., Chuan, Tan Wooi, Yousuf, Abu, Chowdhury, M. N. K., Cheng, C. K.

“…While SPR has the ability to create an electromagnetic field which can improve the photoreaction in three ways: photon scattering, Plasmon Resonance Energy Transfer (PRET) and hot electron excitation. Although both phenomena have been well grounded throughout the field, one crucial ambiguity is still found based on the proposed mechanisms, specifically, what is the direction of electron flow – from metal to semiconductor or vice versa? …”
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Microscopic theory of ultrafast dynamics of carriers photoexcited by THz and near-infrared linearly polarized laser pulses in graphene by B Y Sun, M W Wu

“…When the pump-photon energy is high enough (with the oscillation period much smaller than the pulse width and the scattering time), the influence of the drift term is shown to be negligible and the isotropic hot-electron Fermi distribution with separate conduction- and valence-band chemical potentials is established under scattering during the linearly polarized laser pulse investigated here. …”
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Statistical analysis of storm-time near-Earth current systems by M. W. Liemohn, R. M. Katus, R. M. Katus, R. Ilie

“…Currents from the Hot Electron and Ion Drift Integrator (HEIDI) inner magnetospheric model results for all of the 90 intense storms (disturbance storm-time (Dst) minimum < −100 nT) from solar cycle 23 (1996–2005) are calculated, presented, and analyzed. …”
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The Effect of the Mid‐Shell Thickness on the Charge‐Carrier Dynamics of the Green‐Light Emitting InP/ZnSe/ZnS Core‐Shell Quantum Dots by Dong‐gu Kang, Yu‐Ho Won, Chanho Park, Yongseok Han, Sang Kyu Kim

“…Auger‐type cooling of hot electron into the band‐edge level of InP is clearly manifested in the TA spectra, giving its time constant of ≈222, 300, or 349 fs for gQD‐20, gQD‐24, or gQD‐33, respectively, indicating that the state‐filling to the 1S(e) of InP is significantly slowed down with the increase of the mid shell thickness. …”
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An Electrochromic Ag-Decorated WO_3−x Film with Adjustable Defect States for Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy by Siqi Qu, Jing Guan, Dongqi Cai, Qianshuo Wang, Xiuyun Wang, Wei Song, Wei Ji

“…Especially, the use of electrochromic WO_3−x film suppresses the influence of hot-electrons-induced catalysis while offering a reliable SERS effect. …”
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Current-Induced Thermal Tunneling Electroluminescence in a Single Highly Compensated Semiconductor Microrod by Cheng Xing, Wei Liu, Qiang Wang, Chunxiang Xu, Yinzhou Yan, Yijian Jiang

“…Summary: Here we demonstrate a novel and robust mechanism, termed as “current-induced Joule heating activated thermal tunneling excitation,” to achieve electroluminescence (EL) by the hot electron-hole-pair recombination in a single highly compensated semiconductor microrod. …”
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Emerging Functions of Nanostructured Porous Silicon—With a Focus on the Emissive Properties of Photons, Electrons, and Ultrasound by Nobuyoshi Koshida, Toshihiro Nakamura

“…A multiple-tunneling transport mode through nc-Si dot chain induces efficient quasiballistic hot electron emission from an nc-Si diode. Both the efficiency and the output electron energy dispersion are remarkably improved by using monolayer graphene as a surface electrode. …”
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Thermal gating of charge currents with Coulomb coupled quantum dots by H Thierschmann, F Arnold, M Mittermüller, L Maier, C Heyn, W Hansen, H Buhmann, L W Molenkamp

“…We have observed thermal gating, i.e. electrostatic gating induced by hot electrons. The effect occurs in a device consisting of two capacitively coupled quantum dots. …”
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Effect of the Relativistic Electron Beam on Propagating Whistler-Mode Wave for Ring Distribution in the Saturn Magnetosphere by E.H. Annex, Rama S. Pandey, Mukesh Kumar

“…By raising the peak value, the bulk injection of energetic hot electron injection impacts the growth rate. Growth was also demonstrated to be accelerated when the propagation angle increased. …”
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3.5 Thz Quantum Cascade Laser at 70 K as Local Oscillator by Ren, Y., de Visser, P. J., Hovenier, J. N., Zhang, W., Gao, J. R., Klapwijk, T. M., Shi, S. C., Kao, T.-Y., Kumar, S., Reno, J. L., Hu, Qing

“…We report a set of measurements to demonstrate a new type of surface emitting distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade laser (QCL) operated at 3.5 THz as a local oscillator by pumping a superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer. Based on the Bragg gratings incorporated into the waveguide, the second order DFB surface emitting THz QCL shows single mode emission at 3.555 THz, which is only 4 GHz off from the hydroxyl (OH) line. …”
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Frequency Locking of a 3.5 Thz Quantum Cascade Laser Using a Gas Cell by Ren, Y., Hovenier, J. N., Cui, M., Hayton, D. J., Gao, J. R., Klapwijk, T. M., Shi, S. C., Kao, T.-Y., Hu, Qing, Reno, J. L.

“…We first present the study of the noise of the THz QCL with the contribution from both the frequency and amplitude domain, by using a NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer as a power detector. We then present the frequency locking measurement with a lock-in amplifier registering the derivate curve of the absorption line and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller generating the feedback signal. …”
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A 4.7THz heterodyne receiver for a balloon borne telescope by Hayton, D. J., Kloosterman, J. L., Ren, Y., Gao, J. R., Klapwijk, T. M., Hu, Q., Walker, C. K., Reno, J. L., Kao, T.-Y., Hu, Qing

“…We report on the performance of a high sensitivity 4.7 THz heterodyne receiver based on a NbN hot electron bolometer mixer and a quantum cascade laser (QCL) as local oscillator. …”
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