Italy, 1000-1400 by Arkomanis, Ektoras

“…Political, economic and military influence was exercised on the Italian Peninsula, at one time or other, by the Holy Roman Empire and the House of Hohenstaufen, the Normans, the Lombard and Tuscan city-states, the Papal States, the Kingdom of Sicily, the ever-weakening Byzantine Empire and the gradually retreating Saracens. …”
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