The Huntington's disease-related cardiomyopathy prevents a hypertrophic response in the R6/2 mouse model. by Michal Mielcarek, Marie K Bondulich, Linda Inuabasi, Sophie A Franklin, Thomas Muller, Gillian P Bates

“…Huntington's disease (HD) is neurodegenerative disorder for which the mutation results in an extra-long tract of glutamines that causes the huntingtin protein to aggregate. It is characterized by neurological symptoms and brain pathology that is associated with nuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates and with transcriptional deregulation. …”
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ABHD17 proteins are novel protein depalmitoylases that regulate N-Ras palmitate turnover and subcellular localization by David Tse Shen Lin, Elizabeth Conibear

“…Using a dual pulse-chase strategy comparing palmitate and protein half-lives, we found knockdown or inhibition of APT1 and APT2 blocked depalmitoylation of Huntingtin, but did not affect palmitate turnover on postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) or N-Ras. …”
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Pathogenetic Contributions and Therapeutic Implications of Transglutaminase 2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases by Jun Liu, M. Maral Mouradian

“…Characteristic protein aggregates are histopathological hallmark features of these disorders, including Amyloid β (Aβ)-containing plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease, α-Synuclein (α-Syn)-containing Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, and mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in nuclear inclusions in Huntington’s disease. …”
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How Do Post-Translational Modifications Influence the Pathomechanistic Landscape of Huntington’s Disease? A Comprehensive Review by Beata Lontay, Andrea Kiss, László Virág, Krisztina Tar

“…Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of motor control and cognitive ability, which eventually leads to death. The mutant huntingtin protein (HTT) exhibits an expansion of a polyglutamine repeat. …”
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Label-free identification of protein aggregates using deep learning by Khalid A. Ibrahim, Kristin S. Grußmayer, Nathan Riguet, Lely Feletti, Hilal A. Lashuel, Aleksandra Radenovic

“…Abstract Protein misfolding and aggregation play central roles in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Huntington’s disease, which is caused by a genetic mutation in exon 1 of the Huntingtin protein (Httex1). The fluorescent labels commonly used to visualize and monitor the dynamics of protein expression have been shown to alter the biophysical properties of proteins and the final ultrastructure, composition, and toxic properties of the formed aggregates. …”
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Reducing Igf-1r levels leads to paradoxical and sexually dimorphic effects in HD mice. by Silvia Corrochano, Maurizio Renna, Georgina Osborne, Sarah Carter, Michelle Stewart, Joel May, Gillian P Bates, Steve D M Brown, David C Rubinsztein, Abraham Acevedo-Arozena

“…Reducing the activity of this pathway had benefits in a HD C. elegans model, and some of these may be attributed to the expected inhibition of mTOR activity resulting in an increase in autophagy, which would enhance mutant huntingtin clearance. Thus, we tested if heterozygous deletion of Igf-1r would lead to benefits in HD related phenotypes in the mouse. …”
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Cell Reprogramming to Model Huntington’s Disease: A Comprehensive Review by Ruth Monk, Bronwen Connor

“…HD results from an autosomal dominant mutation that causes a trinucleotide CAG repeat expansion and the production of mutant Huntingtin protein (mHTT). This results in the initial selective and progressive loss of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum before progressing to involve the whole brain. …”
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Recent Overview of the Use of iPSCs Huntington’s Disease Modeling and Therapy by Maria Csobonyeiova, Stefan Polak, Lubos Danisovic

“…HD is caused by an expansion in the number of CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene on chromosome 4. To date, no effective therapy for preventing the onset or progression of the disease has been found, and many symptoms do not respond to pharmacologic treatment. …”
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Non-Cell Autonomous and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Huntington’s Disease by Chaebin Kim, Ali Yousefian-Jazi, Seung-Hye Choi, Inyoung Chang, Junghee Lee, Hoon Ryu

“…Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeat located in the exon 1 of <i>Huntingtin (HTT)</i> gene in human chromosome 4. The HTT protein is ubiquitously expressed in the brain. …”
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High and stable ATP levels prevent aberrant intracellular protein aggregation in yeast by Masak Takaine, Hiromi Imamura, Satoshi Yoshida

“…Single-cell imaging of ATP-reduced yeast mutants revealed that ATP levels in these mutants underwent stochastic and transient depletion, which promoted the cytotoxic aggregation of endogenous proteins and pathogenic proteins, such as huntingtin and α-synuclein. Moreover, pharmacological elevations in ATP levels in an ATP-reduced mutant prevented the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates and its cytotoxicity. …”
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Do Post-Translational Modifications Influence Protein Aggregation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review by Larissa-Nele Schaffert, Wayne G. Carter

“…We identified that the following PTMs, in isolation or combination, potentially act as modulators of proteinopathy in NDDs: isoaspartate formation in Aβ, phosphorylation of Aβ or tau in AD; acetylation, 4-hydroxy-2-neonal modification, <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation or phosphorylation of α-synuclein in PD; acetylation or phosphorylation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 in ALS, and SUMOylation of superoxide dismutase-1 in ALS; and phosphorylation of huntingtin in HD. The potential pharmacological manipulation of these aggregation-modulating PTMs represents an as-yet untapped source of therapy to treat NDDs. …”
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Potential of marine compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: a review by P. L. Guimarães, D. Q. Tavares, G. S. Carrião, M. E. H. Oliveira, C. R. Oliveira

“…Regarding Parkinson's disease (PD), another example of ND, the bioactive compounds from Holothuria scabra and Xylaria sp., showed to be able to reduce the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, reduce the deposition of alpha synuclein and reduce the formation of Mutant Huntingtin protein (Mhtt). The other marine compounds and bioactive substances are also described in this review. …”
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Salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological diseases by Raymond Farah, Hayat Haraty, Ziad Salame, Youssef Fares, David M. Ojcius, Najwane Said Sadier

“…Based on the available research, amyloid beta peptide, tau protein, lactoferrin, alpha-synuclein, DJ-1 protein, chromogranin A, huntingtin protein, DNA methylation disruptions, and micro-RNA profiles provide display a reliable degree of consistency and validity as disease biomarkers.…”
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Metabolomics: An Emerging “Omics” Platform for Systems Biology and Its Implications for Huntington Disease Research by Sumeyya Akyol, Nadia Ashrafi, Ali Yilmaz, Onur Turkoglu, Stewart F. Graham

“…The precise mechanisms of HD progression are poorly understood; however, it is known that there is an expansion of the trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in the Huntingtin gene. Important new strategies are of paramount importance to identify early biomarkers with predictive value for intervening in disease progression at a stage when cellular dysfunction has not progressed irreversibly. …”
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Huntington's Disease: Can Mice Lead the Way to Treatment? by Crook, Zachary Ryan, Housman, David E

“…Clear differences between the mouse and human diseases include almost complete striatal degeneration and rarity of intranuclear inclusions in HD, and the fact that mice expressing full-length mutant huntingtin do not demonstrate a shortened life span characteritstic of HD. …”
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Dynamic histone H3 methylation during gene induction: HYPB/Setd2 mediates all H3K36 trimethylation. by Edmunds, J, Mahadevan, L, Clayton, A

“…Addressing molecular mechanisms involved, we find that Huntingtin-interacting protein HYPB/Setd2 is responsible for virtually all global and transcription-dependent H3K36 trimethylation, but not H3K36-mono- or dimethylation, in these cells. …”

Mice lacking caspase-2 are protected from behavioral changes, but not pathology, in the YAC128 model of Huntington disease by Bissada Nagat, Deng Yu, Zhang Wei-Ning, Cao Li-Ping, Ehrnhoefer Dagmar E, Lerch Jason P, Graham Rona K, Southwell Amber L, Carroll Jeffrey B, Henkelman R, Hayden Michael R

“…<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Huntington Disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which caspase activation and cleavage of substrates, including the huntingtin protein, has been invoked as a pathological mechanism. …”
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Current Technologies Unraveling the Significance of Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) as Crucial Players in Neurodegeneration by Saima Zafar, Shehzadi Irum Fatima, Matthias Schmitz, Inga Zerr

“…The PTMs discussed in this article include tau phosphorylation, α-synuclein and Huntingtin ubiquitination, histone acetylation and methylation, and RNA modifications. …”
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Artificial Hsp104-mediated systems for re-localizing protein aggregates by Arthur Fischbach, Angela Johns, Kara L. Schneider, Xinxin Hao, Peter Tessarz, Thomas Nyström

“…We demonstrate that aggregates of mutant huntingtin (mHtt), the disease-causing agent of Huntington’s disease can be artificially targeted to daughter cells as well as to eisosomes and endosomes with this approach. …”
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Tetrabenazine is neuroprotective in Huntington's disease mice by Tang Tie-Shan, Li Yuemei, Chen Xi, Wang Hongyu, Bezprozvanny Ilya

“…<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in Huntingtin protein (Htt). PolyQ expansion in Httexp causes selective degeneration of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN) in HD patients. …”
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