The implications of competing risks and direct treatment disutility in cardiovascular disease and osteoporotic fracture: risk prediction and cost effectiveness analysis by Bruce Guthrie, Gabriel Rogers, Shona Livingstone, Daniel R Morales, Peter Donnan, Sarah Davis, Ji Hee Youn, Rob Hainsworth, Alexander Thompson, Katherine Payne

“…Elicitation used time trade-off (TTO) (primary analysis) and best–worst scaling (BWS) (exploratory analysis) surveys iteratively developed using think-aloud interviews with 19 patients, and online pilot studies. …”
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Nonlinear vibration of mechanical systems by means of Homotopy perturbation method by MAHMOUD BAYAT, IMAN PAKAR, MAHDI BAYAT

“…It has been shown that only one iteration of themethod prepares high accurate solution for whole domain. …”
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Low-dose titrated amitriptyline as second-line treatment for adults with irritable bowel syndrome in primary care: the ATLANTIS RCT by Alexandra Wright-Hughes, Alexander C Ford, Sarah L Alderson, Pei Loo Ow, Matthew J Ridd, Robbie Foy, Felicity L Bishop, Matthew Chaddock, Heather Cook, Deborah Cooper, Catherine Fernandez, Elspeth A Guthrie, Suzanne Hartley, Amy Herbert, Daniel Howdon, Delia P Muir, Sonia Newman, Christopher A Taylor, Emma J Teasdale, Ruth Thornton, Hazel A Everitt, Amanda J Farrin

“…Data collection and initial analyses proceeded iteratively, and informed subsequent interviews. Analysis was primarily inductive, with researchers identifying themes in the data rather than imposing any pre-existing interpretive framework. …”
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Chair-based yoga programme for older adults with multimorbidity: RCT with embedded economic and process evaluations by Garry Alan Tew, Laura Wiley, Lesley Ward, Jessica Grace Hugill-Jones, Camila Sofia Maturana, Caroline Marie Fairhurst, Kerry Jane Bell, Laura Bissell, Alison Booth, Jenny Howsam, Valerie Mount, Tim Rapley, Sarah Jane Ronaldson, Fiona Rose, David John Torgerson, David Yates, Catherine Elizabeth Hewitt

“…Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and edited to ensure respondent anonymity. Data analysis was iterative throughout the trial and conducted according to standard procedures of qualitative analysis. …”
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Impact of frailty in older people on health care demand: simulation modelling of population dynamics to inform service planning by Bronagh Walsh, Carole Fogg, Tracey England, Sally Brailsford, Paul Roderick, Scott Harris, Simon Fraser, Andrew Clegg, Simon de Lusignan, Shihua Zhu, Francesca Lambert, Abigail Barkham, Harnish Patel, Vivienne Windle

“…The development of the model with 16 connected subgroups and connected flows in and out of the groups has been an iterative approach and has benefited from the information contained in the two large data sets (RCGO RSC and SAIL) as well as ONS population estimates and projections. …”
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Hybrid closed-loop systems for managing blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and economic modelling by Asra Asgharzadeh, Mubarak Patel, Martin Connock, Sara Damery, Iman Ghosh, Mary Jordan, Karoline Freeman, Anna Brown, Rachel Court, Sharin Baldwin, Fatai Ogunlayi, Chris Stinton, Ewen Cummins, Lena Al-Khudairy

“…A comprehensive search was developed iteratively and undertaken in a range of relevant bibliographic databases and other source. …”
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Clinical and cost-effectiveness of paramedics working in general practice: a mixed-methods realist evaluation by Matthew Booker, Sarah Voss, Nicky Harris, William Hollingworth, Nouf Jeynes, Hazel Taylor, Kirsty Garfield, Helen Baxter, Jonathan Benger, Andy Gibson, Trudy Goodenough, Justin Jagosh, Kim Kirby, Cathy Liddiard, Alyesha Proctor, Sarah Purdy, Behnaz Schofield, Hannah Stott, Grace Scrimgeour, Nicola Walsh

“…A mixed-methods approach combined quantitative and qualitative data to gather comprehensive insights into the deployment of PGP models in different contexts, and to iteratively develop and test theories underpinning their successful operation (or otherwise). …”
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Total ankle replacement versus ankle arthrodesis for patients aged 50–85 years with end-stage ankle osteoarthritis: the TARVA RCT by Goldberg Andrew J, Chowdhury Kashfia, Bordea Ekaterina, Blackstone James, Brooking Deirdre, Deane Elizabeth L, Hauptmannova Iva, Cooke Paul, Cumbers Marion, Skene Simon S, Doré Caroline J

“…The CI was generated using the bootstrapping technique (1000 iterations). The total cost of TAR from the NHS and PSS perspective was £2576 higher than the total cost of ankle fusion (95% CI £1181 to £3988; p < 0.01). …”
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Current experience and future potential of facilitating access to digital NHS primary care services in England: the Di-Facto mixed-methods study by Gary Abel, Helen Atherton, Jon Sussex, Nurunnahar Akter, Abodunrin Q Aminu, Wiktoria Bak, Carol Bryce, Christopher E Clark, Emma Cockcroft, Hamish Evans, Evangelos Gkousis, Georgia Jenkins, Caroline Jenkinson, Nada Khan, Jeffrey Lambert, Brandi Leach, Christine Marriott, Jennifer Newbould, Sarah Parkinson, Jo Parsons, Emma Pitchforth, Laura Sheard, Stephanie Stockwell, Chloe Thomas, Bethan Treadgold, Rachel Winder, John L Campbell

“…We employed Weiss’s approach to theory-based evaluation as a theoretical framework. A pragmatic, iterative and cumulative approach was applied to synthesising the findings from all elements and to developing programme and implementation theories. …”
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Service design for children and young people with common mental health problems: literature review, service mapping and collective case study by Steven Pryjmachuk, Susan Kirk, Claire Fraser, Nicola Evans, Rhiannon Lane, Liz Neill, Elizabeth Camacho, Peter Bower, Penny Bee, Tim McDougall

“…The data were then analysed inductively and iteratively to identify cross-cutting themes. Cost data were descriptively summarised into a table. …”
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Comparison of cognitive behaviour therapy versus activity management, both delivered remotely, to treat paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: the UK FITNET... by Esther Crawley, Emma Anderson, Madeleine Cochrane, Beverly A Shirkey, Roxanne Parslow, William Hollingworth, Nicola Mills, Daisy Gaunt, Georgia Treneman-Evans, Manmita Rai, John Macleod, David Kessler, Kieren Pitts, Serena Cooper, Maria Loades, Ammar Annaw, Paul Stallard, Hans Knoop, Elise Van de Putte, Sanne Nijhof, Gijs Bleijenberg, Chris Metcalfe

“…Qualitative analysis was ongoing and iterative, commencing soon after data collection. Audio recordings were transcribed, checked and imported into NVivo (QSR International, Warrington, UK). …”
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The Care Home Independent Pharmacist Prescriber Study (CHIPPS): development and implementation of an RCT to estimate safety, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness by David Wright, Richard Holland, David Phillip Alldred, Christine Bond, Carmel Hughes, Garry Barton, Fiona Poland, Lee Shepstone, Antony Arthur, Linda Birt, Jeanette Blacklock, Annie Blyth, Stamatina Cheilari, Amrit Daffu-O’Reilly, Lindsay Dalgarno, James Desborough, Joanna Ford, Kelly Grant, Janet Gray, Christine Handford, Bronwen Harry, Helen Hill, Jacqueline Inch, Phyo Kyaw Myint, Nigel Norris, Maureen Spargo, Vivienne Maskrey, David Turner, Laura Watts, Arnold Zermansky

“…WP1 development of service specification Views of residents, relatives, CH staff, CH managers, GPs, and pharmacists with experience of living or working in, or with, CHs regarding how to develop the PIP service were obtained by focus groups and through interviews. Transcripts were iteratively analysed, using the Theoretical Domains Framework, to identify key components, initial codes and themes to inform our study design. …”
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Improving the understanding and management of back pain in older adults: the BOOST research programme including RCT and OPAL cohort by Esther Williamson, Maria T Sanchez-Santos, Ioana R Marian, Mandy Maredza, Cynthia Srikesavan, Angela Garrett, Alana Morris, Graham Boniface, Susan J Dutton, Frances Griffiths, Gary S Collins, Stavros Petrou, Julie Bruce, Jeremy Fairbank, Zara Hansen, Karen Barker, Charles Hutchinson, Christian Mallen, Lesley Ward, Richard Gagen, Judith Fitch, David P French, Sarah E Lamb

“…We developed a programme that successfully improved mobility and reduced falls among older people with NC, and future iterations of the programme will aim to reduce long-term pain-related disability. …”
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A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation by Ratna Sohanpal, Hilary Pinnock, Liz Steed, Karen Heslop-Marshall, Moira J Kelly, Claire Chan, Vari Wileman, Amy Barradell, Clarisse Dibao-Dina, Paulino Font Gilabert, Andy Healey, Richard Hooper, Kristie-Marie Mammoliti, Stefan Priebe, Mike Roberts, Vickie Rowland, Sarah Waseem, Sally Singh, Melanie Smuk, Martin Underwood, Patrick White, Nahel Yaziji, Stephanie JC Taylor

“…Analysis was a reflexive, iterative process involving review and multidisciplinary discussion. …”
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Collaborative care intervention for individuals with severe mental illness: the PARTNERS2 programme including complex intervention development and cluster RCT by Humera Plappert, Richard Byng, Siobhan Theresa Reilly, Charley Hobson-Merrett, Jon Allard, Elina Baker, Nicky Britten, Melanie Calvert, Michael Clark, Siobhan Creanor, Linda Davies, Rebecca Denyer, Julia Frost, Linda Gask, Bliss Gibbons, John Gibson, Laura Gill, Ruth Gwernan-Jones, Joanne Hosking, Peter Huxley, Alison Jeffery, Benjamin Jones, Tom Keeley, Richard Laugharne, Steven Marwaha, Claire Planner, Tim Rawcliffe, Ameeta Retzer, Debra Richards, Ruth Sayers, Lynsey Williams, Vanessa Pinfold, Maximillian Birchwood

“…Key successes were the iterative development of theory, methodological innovations for complex intervention evaluation, an in-depth quantitative description of standard care, the development of a COS for bipolar and adaptions for online delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. …”
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Peer support for discharge from inpatient to community mental health care: the ENRICH research programme by Steve Gillard, Rhiannon Foster, Sarah White, Andrew Healey, Stephen Bremner, Sarah Gibson, Lucy Goldsmith, Mike Lucock, Jacqueline Marks, Rosaleen Morshead, Akshaykumar Patel, Shalini Patel, Julie Repper, Miles Rinaldi, Alan Simpson, Michael Ussher, Jessica Worner, Stefan Priebe

“…A total of 66 potential components were identified when combined with outputs of our stakeholder workshops. Through iterative rounds of consensus building and testing we developed and refined our peer support intervention, comprising a bespoke PW training programme and a detailed handbook guiding implementation. …”
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The Bioethics-CSR Divide by Caio Caesar Dib

“…The resurgence was prompted by a response to widespread irresponsible attitudes toward science and grounded in a pluralistic perspective of morality.[3] In the second half of the twentieth century, states and the international community assumed the duty to protect human rights, and bioethics became a venue for discussing rights.[4] There is both a semantic gap and a contextual gap between these two iterations, with some of them already being established. …”
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The Bioethics-CSR Divide by Caio Caesar Dib

“…The resurgence was prompted by a response to widespread irresponsible attitudes toward science and grounded in a pluralistic perspective of morality.[3] In the second half of the twentieth century, states and the international community assumed the duty to protect human rights, and bioethics became a venue for discussing rights.[4] There is both a semantic gap and a contextual gap between these two iterations, with some of them already being established. …”
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O‌P‌T‌I‌M‌U‌M D‌E‌S‌I‌G‌N O‌F R‌C‌M‌R‌F‌S U‌S‌I‌N‌G C‌O‌N‌S‌I‌S‌T‌E‌N‌T A‌P‌P‌R‌O‌X‌I‌M‌A‌T‌I‌O‌N M‌E‌T‌H‌O‌D... by A.R Habibi, M. S‌h‌a‌h‌r‌y‌a‌r‌i, H. R‌o‌s‌t‌a‌m‌i

“…A‌l‌s‌o, i‌t i‌s s‌h‌o‌w‌n t‌h‌a‌t t‌h‌e p‌r‌o‌p‌o‌s‌e‌d a‌l‌g‌o‌r‌i‌t‌h‌m i‌s c‌o‌n‌v‌e‌r‌g‌e‌d i‌n j‌u‌s‌t a f‌e‌w i‌t‌e‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s.…”
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