On the origin of the redshift in the emission wavelength of InGaN/GaN blue light emitting diodes grown with a higher temperature interlayer by Kyaw, Z., Ji, Y., Dikme, Y., Ju, Zhengang, Tan, Swee Tiam, Zhang, Zi-Hui, Sun, Xiaowei, Demir, Hilmi Volkan

“…Numerical studies on the effect of indium composition and quantum confinement Stark effect were also carried out to verify the experimental data. …”
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Colloidal CuInSe 2 nanocrystals : from gradient stoichiometry toward homogeneous alloyed structure mediated by conducting polymer P3HT by Liang, Yen Nan, Yu, Kui, Yan, Qingyu, Hu, Xiao

“…We report, for the first time, the synthesis of colloidal copper indium selenide (CuInSe2) nanocrystals (NCs) possessing a gradient stoichiometry that is potentially tunable by the presence of a conducting polymer, i.e., poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) in the synthesis medium. …”
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Rational synthesis of modulated in2O3 based nanowires by Zhu, Yuxuan

“…Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a multifunctional semiconductor material widely used for transparent conducting oxides (TCO) in nanotechnology. …”
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Fabrication and characterization of Si doped ZnO and Cu2P2O7 thin films by Wang, J

“…The current material that dominates over 90% of the TCO market is tin doped indium oxide (ITO), which has superior electrical and optical properties. …”

Design and simulation of mid-infrared laser by Lin, JunJie

“…In this project we will be using Gallium Indium Antimonide (GalnSb) as our quantum well material.…”
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Work function engineering of electrodes via electropolymerization of ethylenedioxythiophenes and its derivatives by Fang, Wenjing

“…Fine-tuning the work function of the electrode is critical to enhance the carrier injection across semiconductor-electrode contact, improving the performance of devices.In this experiment, the work functions Au and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) can be modified by surface-electropolymerization using ethylenedioxythiophenes (EDOT) or its derivatives. …”
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Nanostructured single-crystalline twin disks of zinc oxide by Xu, Chunxiang, Sun, Xiaowei, Dong, Zhili, Cui, Yiping, Wang, B. P.

“…Nanostructural twin disks of zinc oxide with high yield were fabricated by vapor-phase transport using a mixture of zinc oxide, indium oxide, and graphite powders as source material. …”
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Optimizing flexible transparent conductor with hybrid MXene/AgNW/PET for electrochromic smart glass by Muhammad Nasrun Zawawi

“…Transparent conductors have been extensively researched to replace the widely used ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) due to its scarcity and its brittleness for electrochromic devices. …”
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Light management in nanostructures for solar cell application by Du, Qingguo

“…However, the price of indium mineral has soared to rocket high due to the huge demand and limited mineral reserves. …”
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Carbon nanotube electrodes for solar cell by Loh, Norman Chen Lung.

“…The results obtained for the study of post treatment has been very encouraging, suggesting the possibility of an electrode being produced that is able to match, or even overtake the current standards set by Indium Tin Oxide. ITO’s Sheet Resistance recorded is 15Ω/, a solar conversion of 3% efficiency. …”
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Optical properties of aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films for solar cell application by Heng, Shu Wei.

“…Due to the low cost and good optical and electrical properties, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) is a promising alternative to indium-tin oxide in view of solar cell application. …”
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Modelling the electrical characteristics of SiNWs/organic solar cells by Tay, Chiu Kee

“…Whereas, the test subject used in experiment is planar Si/MoOx heterojunction solar cell, which is fabricated by e-beam evaporation, with indium tin oxide as an antireflection coating at the top layer grown by radio frequency sputtering. …”
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Little-Parks oscillations in an insulator by Kopnov, G., Cohen, O., Ovadia, M., Lee, K. Hong, Wong, Chee Cheong, Shahar, D.

“…We present the results of a magnetoresistance study of the disorder-induced superconductor-insulator transition in an amorphous indium-oxide thin film patterned by a nanoscale periodic array of holes. …”
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Second-harmonic generation in quaternary atomically thin layered AgInP2S6 crystals by Wang, Xingzhi, Du, Kezhao, Liu, Weiwei, Hu, Peng, Lu, Xin, Xu, Weigao, Kloc, Christian, Xiong, Qihua

“…Here, we report the observation of optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) in two-dimensional atomically thin silver indium phosphorus sulfide (AgInP2S6) crystals, with odd layer thickness. …”
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CNT work function modification for transparent electrode application in organic photovoltaics by Low, Keith Ying Jie.

“…As there is a need to develop higher power conversion efficiency and low cost photovoltaic (PV) cells, Organic PV (OPV) has sparked the interest of many to carry out more research work in this area. Currently Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) is commonly used for one of the important components of OPV, i.e. the transparent conductive electrode. …”
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Fabrication of a mesoporous Co(OH)2/ITO nanowire composite electrode and its application in supercapacitors by Dam, Duc Tai, Wang, Xin, Lee, Jong-Min

“…Electrochemical measurements demonstrate the improved ionic conductivity of an electrode and enhanced supercapacitive behavior, as compared to a mesoporous cobalt hydroxide film on a titanium current collector without indium tin oxide (ITO) NWs as “electron highways”. …”
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Colloidal quantum dot light-emitting diode architectures for high performance by Leck, Kheng Swee

“…In addition, in the thesis, we used gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) to replace tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) used as the electrode in QD-LEDs due to the increasingly expensive raw materials of ITO. …”
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Electrodeposition of metal nanostructures for plasmonic sensing by Mueller, Aaron David

“…The development of a process which uses a transparent conductive layer of indium tin oxide rather than a metal seed layer is reported. …”
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Electrospun conductive polyaniline–polylactic acid composite nanofibers as counter electrodes for rigid and flexible dye-sensitized solar cells by Mhaisalkar, Subodh Gautam, Ramakrishna, Seeram, Peng, Shengjie, Zhu, Peining, Wu, Yongzhi

“…Conductive polyaniline doped with 10-camphorsulfonic acid (PANI·CSA) blended with polylactic acid (PLA) composite films are directly deposited on rigid fluorine-doped tin oxide and flexible indium tin oxide-coated polyethylene naphthalate substrates by using a simple electrospinning method. …”
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Mechanism behind the controlled generation of liquid metal nanoparticles by mechanical agitation by Nor-Azman, Nur-Adania, Ghasemian, Mohammad B., Fuchs, Richard, Liu, Li, Widjajana, Moonika S., Yu, Ruohan, Chiu, Shih-Hao, A. Idrus-Saidi, Shuhada, Nieves Flores, Nieves Flores, Chi, Yuan, Tang, Jianbo, Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh

“…Gallium-based liquid metals, with and without secondary metals of bismuth, indium, and tin, are analyzed to observe the effect of cavitation and surface eruption during sonication and particle release. …”