Jesuits as Diplomats in the Service of Chinese Emperors in Early Modern Times by Claudia von Collani

“…The legation of the papal delegate Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon (1668- 1710) to China brought the latent quarrel between the adherents and the adversaries of the Rites to an outbreak. The Kangxi Emperor (1662-1722) tried to explain his attitude to the Holy See in Rome. …”
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The Technology Transfer from Europe to China in the 17th–18th Centuries: Non-Invasive On-Site XRF and Raman Analyses of Chinese Qing Dynasty Enameled Masterpieces Made Using Europe... by Philippe Colomban, Michele Gironda, Divine Vangu, Burcu Kırmızı, Bing Zhao, Vincent Cochet

“…Two masterpieces of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912 CE), one in gilded brass (incense burner) decorated with <i>cloisonné</i> enamels stylistically attributed to the end of the Kangxi Emperor’s reign, the other in gold (ewer offered by Napoleon III to the Empress as a birthday present), decorated with both <i>cloisonné</i> and painted enamels bearing the mark of the Qianlong Emperor, were non-invasively studied by optical microscopy, Raman microspectroscopy and X-ray microfluorescence spectroscopy (point measurements and mapping) implemented on-site with mobile instruments. …”
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