NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE EXPEDITIONS TO THE LAND OF PUNT by El-Sayed Mahfouz

“…The way to arrive it had also its place in these assumptions, whether it was by the Nile, across the Red Sea or even by land throughout Sinai Peninsula.By the second have of XXth century, major studies not only enriched this scientific debate but also changed the current theories of scholars such as the study of Herzog published in 1968; the recent discoveries of archaeological evidences on the Red Sea Shore in the seventies of last century and the last ten years and finally the articles of Meeks appeared in 2002.This study will deal with this problem in the light of the geo-politic changes in Egypt and in Nubia in exposing the principal sources of information about Punt from the Old Kingdom, through Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom, ending by the Late and Greco-Roman periods.Therefore, this article will show that the geopolitical situation in Nubia and its relationship with Egypt were a major factor in directing the relationship between Egypt and the land of Punt and the Egyptian way to deal with exotic and important land.…”
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Operating and defending Red Sea harbors and Eastern Desert trails in the Hellenistic and early Roman periods: the case of Berenike by Marek Woźniak

“…French and Italian investigations at Marsa Gawasis, Gebel Zeit and Wadi al-Jarf contributed data on the marine expeditions of Old Kingdom rulers into the Sinai and Middle Kingdom rulers to the Land of Punt. Key information for the Hellenistic period came from the French exploration of gold mines and fortified features at Samut and the fort at Abbad. …”
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Adulis and the transshipment of baboons during classical antiquity by Franziska Grathwol, Christian Roos, Dietmar Zinner, Benjamin Hume, Stéphanie M Porcier, Didier Berthet, Jacques Cuisin, Stefan Merker, Claudio Ottoni, Wim Van Neer, Nathaniel J Dominy, Gisela H Kopp

“…It also establishes geographic continuity with baboons from the fabled Land of Punt (Dominy et al., 2020), giving weight to speculation that Punt and Adulis were essentially the same trading centres separated by a thousand years of history.…”
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