Rumen fermentation and nutrient flow to the omasum in Holstein cows fed extruded canola seeds treated with or without lignosulfonate by Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos Santos, Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos, Carolina Antunes Neves, Francilaine Eloise De Marchi, Daniele Cristina da Silva-Kazama, Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo, Julio Cesar Damasceno, Hélène Veronique Petit

“…Four multiparous Holstein cows averaging 548 kg of body weight and 74 d in lactation were used in a Latin square design with four 21-d experimental periods to determine effects of feeding extruded versus non-extruded canola seed, with or without 50 g/kg lignosulfonate on rumen fermentation, nutrient flow to the omasum, and degradability of dry matter (DM) and N of each diet. …”
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Comparative methane estimation from cattle based on total CO2 production using different techniques by Md N. Haque, Hanne H. Hansen, Ida M.L.D. Storm, Jørgen Madsen

“…The CO2R and CO2T study was conducted as a 3 × 3 Latin square design where 3 Dexter heifers were allocated to metabolic cages for 3 periods. …”
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Formaldehyde content of milk: 1. Cows fed on protein concentrates treated with different amounts of formaldehyde by Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist, Jouko Setälä

“…The experiment was arranged according to a 4X4 Latin square design and each test period lasted 10 days. …”
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Influence of dietary cation–anion difference in finishing diets fed to Holstein steers during periods of high ambient temperature on feedlot performance and digestive function by Carlos Antonio Pacheco, Martin Francisco Montano-Gomez, Noemi Guadalupe Torrentera, Jaime Salinas-Chavira, Jose de Jesus Ortiz, Aris Bionel Cano, Ricard Avery Zinn

“…Six Holstein steers (196 ± 3 kg) with cannulas in rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square design to evaluated treatment effects on digestion characteristics. …”
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Partial Substitution of Maize for Sorghum With or Without Supplemental Hydrolysable Tannins on Digestibility and Postprandial Glycemia in Adult Dogs by Liege Teixeira, Caroline Fredrich Dourado Pinto, Geruza Silveira Machado, Alexandre de Mello Kessler, Luciano Trevizan

“…The trial was conducted with eight adult dogs distributed in four treatments: (M) 50% maize; (MS) 25% maize + 25% sorghum; (MHT) 50% maize + 0.10% HT; (MSHT) 25% maize + 25% sorghum + 0.10% HT; in a balanced incomplete Latin square design in three periods, with two dogs per diet, per period. …”
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The Effects of Nitrogen sources in the concentrates on N utilization and production performances of dairy goats by A Rai Somaning Asih, I Ketut Gede Wiryawan, Bruce Young

“…Four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous concentrate with different N sources were formulated and fed on lactating Saanen goats in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The results showed that lactating Saanen goats producing 1.3 to 1.5 litre of milk per day and fed on a concentrate containing 1.7 % N in a high energy diet capable to sustain similar milk protein and N balance as that given concentrate with 2.2 % dietary N. …”
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Effect of Hydrophobic Polymer Application and Irrigation Rates on Yield of Field Grown Okra by P. Cookson, H. AbdelRahman, P. Hirsbrunner

“…The effect of a hydrophobic polymer (called Guilspare) to improve yields and water use efficiencies of okra (Adelmoschus esculentus) plants was investigated using a 3x3 Latin Square field experiment. Soils were treated with Guilspare by spraying the surface with an aqueous solution and left to dry. …”
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Effects of replacement soybean meal with fermented cassava pulp by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in DIETS on Rumen fermentation in growing goats by Walailuck Kaewwongsa, Chalong Wachirapakorn, Siwaporn Paengkoum, Nittaya Taethaisong, Sorasak Thongpea, Pramote Paengkoum

“…Growing goats were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments according to replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. Dietary treatments were five levels of replacement SBM to FCSC at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of crude protein in concentrates. …”
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Nutritional parameters of steers receiving different levels of sunflower crushed in partial replacement of soybean meal by HELLEN L. LIMA, RAFAEL H.T.B. DE GOES, SARA L.N. CERILO, EUCLIDES R. DE OLIVEIRA, MARIA G.M. GRESSLER, KELLY C.S. BRABES

“…ABSTRACT To evaluate of the sunflower crushed in nutritional parameters in steers, supplemented at pasture, we used four steers in 4×4 Latin square design. The supplements were provided in 6 g/kg of body weight/animal/day, consisting of sunflower crushed, corn, soybean meal and mineral. …”
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Fibre degradability of oil palm frond pellet, supplemented with Arachis pintoi in cattle by Bodee Khamseekhiew, Juan Boo Liang, Zainal Aznam Jelan, Choi Chee Wong

“…The diets comprised the following four OPF:AP ratios; 80:20 (L20), 70:30 (L30), 60:40 (L40), 50:50 (L50) in a 4 × 4 incomplete Latin Square Design. The DM an NDF degradation rates of OPF were significantly affected by AP supplementation. …”
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Dried Rumen Digesta Pellet Can Enhance Nitrogen Utilization in Thai Native, Wagyu-Crossbred Cattle Fed Rice Straw Based Diets by Anuthida Seankamsorn, Anusorn Cherdthong

“…Four Thai native, Wagyu-crossbred, beef cattle were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to supplement DRDP levels at 0, 50, 100, and 150 g/d, respectively. …”
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Ruminal degradation of dry matter and fibrous fraction of high-tannin grain sorghum by J. K. Pinheiro, L. T. Henriques, G. H. O. Almeida, S. Gonzaga Neto, C G. Souza

“…These animals were divided into groups using a 4 ´ 4 Latin square experimental design. Animals received four different diets in which increasing levels of ground corn were replaced with high-tannin sorghum grain in the proportions of 0%, 33%, 67% and 100% in the concentrate. …”
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Sugarcane bagasse as only roughage for crossbred lactating cows in semiarid regions by Wandemberg Rocha Freitas, Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira, Janaina Lima Silva, Antônia Sherlânea Chaves Véras, Leonardo José Assis Barros, Adryanne Marjorie Souza Vitor Alves, Juana Catarina Cariri Chagas, Thamires Damascena Quirino Siqueira, Gleidiana Amélia Pontes de Almeida

“…Ten lactating Girolando breed cows (600±34.3 kg body weight) were assigned to a replicated 5×5 Latin square design. The control diet, based on spineless cactus, sugarcane bagasse, and concentrate, was formulated to meet the average production of 20 kg of milk per day, with 3.5% fat. …”
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Enhancing Sheep Rations: Optimal Ammoniated Palm Fronds Utilization with Lerak Fruit (Sapindus Rarak) and Probiotic Supplementation by Essy Laura, Mardiati Zain, Fauzia Agustin

“…Employing an experimental approach, a Latin Square Design was utilized, with four sheep as rows, four periods as columns, and four rations as treatments. …”
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FONTES PROTEICAS EM DIETAS DE CABRAS LACTANTES: CONSUMO, DIGESTIBILIDADE, PRODUÇÃO E COMPOSIÇÃO DE LEITE by ALANA BATISTA DOS SANTOS, MARA LÚCIA ALBUQUERQUE PEREIRA, MÁRCIO DOS SANTOS PEDREIRA, GLEIDSON GIORDANO PINTO DE CARVALHO, JURANDIR FERREIRA DA CRUZ

“…Were used eight goats with 96.5 ± 3.7 days in lactation, producing 2.0 ± 0.44 kg of milk and with an average initial weight of 47.5 ± 6.6 kg distributed in two Latin square 4 x 4. The animals fed the diet containing aerial part cassava hay presented (P<0.05) higher intake of rumen undegradable protein and an intake neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein higher than (P<0.05) the diet with soybean meal. …”
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Bakery waste in sheep diets: intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and ruminal parameters by Almira Biazon França, Mirton José Frota Morenz, Fernando César Ferraz Lopes, Afranio Silva Madeiro, Danilo Antônio Morenz, Bruna Moscat de Faria, Luciano da Silva Cabral, Carlos Elysio Moreira da Fonseca

“…Five male lambs with body weight of 30 kg were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Experimental diets were composed of concentrate and Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) hay in a 60:40 forage:concentrate ratio. …”
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CONSUMO, DIGESTIBILIDADE APARENTE E BALANÇO DE NITROGÊNIO EM OVELHAS ALIMENTADAS COM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE FIBRA EM DETERGENTE NEUTRO by Oiti José de Paula, Thais Romano Vasconcelos Almeida, Juan Ramon Olalquiaga Perez, Patricia Maria de França, Fernanda Nascimento de Godoi, Luciano Fernandes Sousa, Gilberto de Lima Macedo Junior, Roberta de Moura Assis

“…The experimental design used was a 4x4 latin square, with four treatments (8.67%; 17.34%; 26.01% and 34.69% of fNDF) four animals and four periods. …”
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Microbial protein synthesis, digestion and lactation responses of cows to grass or grass-red clover silage diet supplemented with barley or oats by A. VANHATALO, T. GÄDDNÄS, T. HEIKKILÄ

“…Four primiparous Finnish Ayrshire cows fitted with cannulae in the rumen and duodenum were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment with four 28-d experimental periods and 2 × 2 factorial arrangements of treatments. …”
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Influence of palm fatty acid distillate on rumen degradability and protozoa population in buffaloes by Weber Vilas Boas Soares, Francisco A. Andrade Costa, Raul Franzolin, Valério Pagliarini Garcia

“…Four rumen fistulated buffaloes were fed a basal diet in a Latin square (4x4) design trial. Treatments were designed with four of different levels of PFAD added directly into the rumen: 0; 200; 420 and 500 g/animal/d. …”
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Digestion of feed fractions and intake of heifers fed hydrolyzed sugarcane stored for different periods by Regis Luis Missio, Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira, Mariana Paula Rossi Sforcini, Francisco Palma Rennó, José Esler Freitas Júnior, Denise Adelaide Gomes Elejade, Viviane Borba Ferrari, Guilherme de Carvalho Abud

“…The experimental design used was a 4 × 4 Latin square, four diets, four Nellore heifers with ruminal cannulas (initial body weight 285.4±23.08 kg and average initial age 14 months) and four periods of 21 days. …”
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