Concentrate containing calcium salts of fatty acids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can change rumen fermentation in grazing goats by Ludmila Couto Gomes, Claudete Regina Alcalde, Julio Cesar Damasceno, Luiz Paulo Rigolon, Ana Paula Silva Possamai, Bruna Hygino

“…Five rumen cannulated goats were distributed in a Latin square 5x5 design (treatments: 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% CSFA. …”
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Mineral absorption in relation to nutritional ecology of reindeer by H. Staaland, K. Hove, R. G. White

“…This paper addresses the way which absorption of minerals relate to nutritional ecology and mineral conservation processes. A latin square designed experiment was used to assess the effects of diet on mineral (Ca, Mg, K, Na) absorption processes in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.). …”
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Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Scores (DIAAS) of Six Cooked Chinese Pulses by Fei Han, Paul J. Moughan, Juntao Li, Shaojie Pang

“…Seven growing pigs each fitted with a T-cannula at the terminal ileum were allotted to a 7 by 6 incomplete Latin square with seven diets and six 7-d periods. The true digestibility values % for the total indispensable AA were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.001) for broad beans (87.3 ± 2.98) and lower (<i>p</i> < 0.001) for kidney bean (73.3 ± 4.84) than for the other pulses. …”
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Heat storage rate and acute fatigue in rats by L.O.C. Rodrigues, A. Oliveira, N.R.V. Lima, C.A. Machado-Moreira

“…After implantation of a temperature sensor and treadmill adaptation, the animals were submitted to a Latin square experimental design using a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (velocity and environment), with the level of significance set at P<0.05. …”
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Effect of high contents of dietary animal-derived protein or carbohydrates on canine faecal microbiota by Hang Ingrid, Rinttila Teemu, Zentek Jürgen, Kettunen Anu, Alaja Susanna, Apajalahti Juha, Harmoinen Jaana, de Vos Willem M, Spillmann Thomas

“…Diets were allocated according to the Graeco-Latin square design. For this purpose, microbial DNA was isolated from faecal samples and separated by density gradient centrifugation, resulting in specific profiling based on the guanine-cytosine content (%G + C). …”
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Nutritional value of high moisture corn silage in the diet of Holstein cows by P. Persichetti Júnior, G.A. Almeida Júnior, C. Costa, P.R.L. Meirelles, J.P.F. Silveira, A. Panichi, M.G.B. Silva, M. A. Factori, F.A. Cavasano, S.A. Mendonça

“…Five Holstein cows were distributed in a 5x5 latin square design to assess the effect of replacement levels of dry ground corn grain (DGCG) by high moisture corn silage (HMCS) on intake, total nutrient digestibility and plasma glucose, according to the following treatments: 1) 100% DGCG; 2) 75% DGCG and 25% HMCS; 3) 50% DGCG and 50% HMCS; 4) 25% DGCG and 75% HMCS; 5) 100% HMCS. …”
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<title language="eng">Effects of different sources of protein on digestive characteristics, microbial efficiency, and nutrient flow in dairy goats by Nivea Regina de Oliveira Felisberto, Marcelo Teixeira Rodrigues, Marco Aurélio Delmondes Bomfim, Rogério da Silva Matos, Ana Gabriela Pombo Celles Cordeiro, Márcia Maria Cândido da Silva

“…Eight rumen cannulated non-lactating, non-pregnant goats were distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with two replicates. Treatments consisted of four diets where different sources of plant protein accounted for the major protein source named soybean meal, source of higher ruminal degradability, and three other sources of higher resistance of degradation: roasted soybean, corn gluten meal, and cottonseed cake. …”
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Soybean in different forms of processing in the feeding of crossbred cows on brachiaria grass pastures by Vinícius Raimundi Andrade, Fernando de Paula Leonel, Severino Delmar Junqueira Villela, Juliana do Carmo Carvalho, Raphael Pavesi Araújo, Jonas Marco de Carvalho, Henrique Valentim Nunes Machado, Joanis Tilemahos Zervoudakis

“…Five cows with 150±14 lactation days and average milk production of 7.1±2.1 kg/day were distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The treatments were: soybean meal-based concentrate; soy bean-based concentrate; ground soybean-based concentrate; roasted soybean-based concentrate; and ground, roasted soybean-based concentrate. …”
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Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) feed affects intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention of ovine fed with ryegrass hay (Lolium multiflorum Lam) by M.C. Machado, M.N. Corrêa, G.V. Kozloski, L. Oliveira, C.C. Brauner, A.A. Barbosa, K.B. Cardoso, F.A.B. Del Pino

“…ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate sweet potato feed as an alternative energy supplement for ovine. A latin-square design was used to assess the effects of feeding the animals 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% their body weight in sweet potato as well as ryegrass hay (Lolium multiflorum) twice daily, mineral salt and water ad libitum. …”
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Exogenous enzymes in sheep diet: nutritional and physiological parameters by Maíra Costa Neiva, Erica Beatriz Schultz, Luciana Melo Sousa, Karla Alves Oliveira, Luciano Fernandes Sousa, Gilberto de Lima Macedo Junior

“…Five ewe lambs, Dorper x Santa Inês crossbred, with an average age of 7 ± 1 months, average weight of 36.40 ± 2.36 kg were assigned in a 5x5 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of adding exogenous enzymes to the concentrate: Allzyme, Fibrozyme®, Amaize®, Mix and Control. …”
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Jackfruit leaves can totally replace traditional grass in the diet of lactating dairy goats by Lam Phuoc Thanh, Pham Truong Thoai Kha, Tran Thi Thuy Hang

“…Four crossbred Saanen lactating goats in mid-lactation and milking 1676 ± 112 g/day were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. A basal diet consisted of concentrate and PG (C:F 40:60). …”
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Limiting total mixed ration availability alters eating and rumination patterns of lactating dairy cows by A.J. Heinrichs, B.S. Heinrichs, D. Cavallini, M. Fustini, A. Formigoni

“…Eight multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design study with 21-d periods. The basal diet was the same for all 4 treatments with or without additional long grass hay (the same hay used in the TMR). …”
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Nudge interventions to reduce fish sauce consumption in Thailand by Manasigan Kanchanachitra, Chalermpol Chamchan, Churnrurtai Kanchanachitra, Kanyapat Suttikasem, Laura Gunn, Ivo Vlaev, Chaisiri Angkurawaranon

“…The study design was a Latin square, where the five canteens were randomized over five weeks to implement four interventions plus a control. …”
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Effect of Yeast Supplement to The Rations Differed in Degradable Protein in Milk Production and Components in Cow. by Omar Al- Mallah

“…<strong>   </strong>    This study was conducted in the animal farm college of agriculture and forestry/ Mosul university by using three multiparous Friesian dairy cows in the 95 ± 12 of DIM, average body weight 399.67 kg, using latin square design (3 × 3) with three period each was lasted 21 days. …”
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Growth Performance of On-Farm Male Fattening Bali Cattle Fed with Fodder Obtained from Dry Land Farming Diversification in West Timor by Grace Maranatha, Marthen R Pellokila, Arnold E Manu, Yohanis Umbu L Sobang, Jacob Nulik, Fredeicus Dedy Samaba

“…This study used a double Latin square design (LSD) with 4 treatments, namely T0 = local feed of farmers in Timor (farmer model). …”
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Design, formulation and evaluation of caffeine chewing gum by Abolfazl Aslani, Fatemeh Jalilian

“…The gums were evaluated in terms of organoleptic properties by the Latin-Square design at different stages. Results: After making 22 formulations of caffeine gums, F 11 from 20 mg caffeine gums and F 22 from 50 mg caffeine gums were chosen as the best formulation in organoleptic properties. …”
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Preliminary observations on use of Beauveria bassiana for the control of the sweet potato weevil (Cylas sp.) in South Africa by Hlerema Igenicious, Laurie Sunette, Eiasu Bahlebi

“…The experimental design was a Latin square with split plot design: pest management strategy as main plot factor and cultivars (Bophelo, Ndou and Blesbok) as subplot factors. …”
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A Low to Medium-Shear Extruded Kibble with Greater Resistant Starch Increased Fecal Oligosaccharides, Butyric Acid, and Other Saccharolytic Fermentation By-Products in Dogs by Isabella Corsato Alvarenga, Matthew I. Jackson, Dennis E. Jewell, Charles G. Aldrich

“…Three identical diets were extruded with high, medium and low shear (HS, MS and LS) to incrementally increase RS, and fed to 24 dogs in a replicated 3 × 3 William’s Latin square design for 28-day periods. Fasting blood and fresh feces were collected on the last week of each period. …”
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Effect of different forage-to-concentrate ratios on ruminal bacterial structure and real-time methane production in sheep. by Runhang Li, Zhanwei Teng, Chaoli Lang, Haizhu Zhou, Weiguang Zhong, Zhibin Ban, Xiaogang Yan, Huaming Yang, Mohammed Hamdy Farouk, Yujie Lou

“…Three proportions of the diets were fed according to a 3 × 3 incomplete Latin square, design during three periods of 15d each. …”
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Varying Protein Levels Influence Metabolomics and the Gut Microbiome in Healthy Adult Dogs by Eden Ephraim, Chun-Yen Cochrane, Dennis E. Jewell

“…Following maintenance on a prefeed food for 14 days, dogs (15 neutered males, 15 spayed females, aged 2–9 years, mean initial weight 11.3 kg) consumed the low (18.99%, dry matter basis), medium (25.34%), or high (45.77%) protein foods, each for 90 days, in a William’s Latin Square Design sequence. In serum and/or urine, metabolites associated with inflammation (9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid (DiHOME)), 12,13-DiHOME) and kidney dysfunction (urea, 5-hydroxyindole sulfate, 7-hydroxyindole sulfate, <i>p</i>-cresol sulfate) increased with higher protein levels in food, while one-carbon pathway metabolites (betaine, dimethylglycine, sarcosine) decreased. …”
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