Interaction effects of degradable nitrogen sources and straw treatment on rumen parameters and microbial protein synthesis in sheep by E GHASEMI, M KHORVASH, G R GHORBANI, F HASHEMZADEH, M SAEBI-FAR, A KAHYANI, M KAZEMI-BONCHENARI

“…Four rumen fistulated sheep were assigned to 1 of the 4 treatments: (i) US with urea (USU); (ii) US with casein (USC); (iii) TS with urea (TSU); and (iv) TS with casein (TSC), according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Barley straw was treated with 4.1% sodium hydroxide (w/ w DM basis; pH 11.5) followed by 2% hydrogen peroxide. …”
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Passage kinetics of digesta in horses fed with coastcross hay ground to different degrees by Vinicius Pimentel Silva, Fernando Queiroz de Almeida, Róbson Ricardo Moreira Pimentel, Fernanda Nascimento de Godoi, Tiago Marques dos Santos, Marcus Sandes Pires

“…Four horses fitted with cannulae in the RVC were used and were fed the following forms of hay: long, chopped, ground to 5 mm and ground to 3 mm. A Latin Square 4x4 study design was used. Each experimental period included 10 days for diet adaptation, four days for feces collection and one day for digesta collection. …”
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Nutrients intake and digestibility in sheep fed with residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp by Luiz Juliano Valério Geron, Fabiana Gomes Costa, Jocilaine Garcia, Anderson Moura Zanine, Edmiar Barbosa de Oliveira, Luciano da Silva Cabral, Maria Aparecida Pereira Pierangeli, Silvia Cristina de Aguiar

“…We used four sheep with a mean body weight (BW) of 40.38 kg, whose pens were distributed in a Latin square design. The diet treatments contained 0, 5, 10 and 15% of RETP. …”
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Supplemental effect of Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf pellet on rumen fermentation, nutrients digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in growing crossbred bulls by Pajaree Totakul, Bounnaxay Viennasay, Sukruthai Sommai, Maharach Matra, Federico Infascelli, Metha Wanapat

“…Four animals, with an average liveweight of 160 ± 10 kg were randomly arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. There were four treatments: 0, 4, 6 and 8% CHYP supplementation of DMI. …”
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Potential use of () as a protein source fodder to improve nutrients digestibility, ruminal fermentation efficiency in beef cattle by Burarat Phesatcha, Bounnaxay Viennasay, Metha Wanapat

“…Methods Four, Thai native beef cattle were randomly assigned in a 4×4 Latin square design. Four levels of Flemingia hay meal (FHM) were used to replace soybean meal (SBM) in the concentrate mixtures in four dietary treatments replacing levels at 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% of SBM. …”
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A resting box for outdoor sampling of adult <it>Anopheles arabiensis </it>in rice irrigation schemes of lower Moshi, northern Tanzania by Msangi Shandala, Kimaro Epiphania, Mwang'onde Beda J, Kweka Eliningaya J, Massenga Charles P, Mahande Aneth M

“…Experiments were arranged in latin-square design. Boxes were set in the evening and left undisturbed; mosquitoes were collected at 06:00 am the next morning, while human landing catch was done overnight.…”
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Effect of the nature of energy (lipids vs. carbohydrates) on enteric methane emission and dairy performance in cows fed grass silage-based diets by Cécile Martin, Anne Ferlay, Mohammed Benaouda, Mauro Coppa, Maguy Eugène

“…Eight multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, with 4 experimental periods of 28 days each. …”
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The effect of cell wall degrading enzymes on the preservation of grass and on the silage intake and digestibility in sheep by Seija Jaakkola

“…The silages were ensiled in pilot scale silos (3 m3) and the voluntary intake and digestibility in sheep were determined in two experiments designed as a 5 x 5 Latin square. The use of enzymes decreased the fibre content of silages, mainly the cellulose fraction, as compared with FA and untreated silages. …”
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Effect of Carbohydrate Source and Cottonseed Meal Level in the Concentrate on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Protein Synthesis in Swamp Buffa... by M. Wanapat, R. Pilajun, S. Polyorach, A. Cherdthong, P. Khejornsart, P. Rowlinson

“…Four, 4-yr old rumen fistulated swamp buffaloes were randomly assigned to receive four dietary treatments according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design. Factor A was carbohydrate source; cassava chip (CC) and CC+rice bran at a ratio 3:1 (CR3:1), and factor B was level of cottonseed meal (CM); 109 g CP/kg (LCM) and 328 g CP/kg (HCM) in isonitrogenous diets (490 g CP/kg). …”
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Diets for sheeps whit levels of residual frying oil consequences on ingestive behavior by Eduardo Lucas Terra Peixoto, Ivone Yurika Mizubuti, Elzânia Pereira Sales, Patrícia Guimarães Pimentel, Odimári Pricila Prado-Calixto, Leandro das Dores Ferreira da Silva, Mikael Neumann, Edson Luiz de Azambuja Ribeiro, Elizabeth dos Santos Moura, Fernando Luiz Massaro Júnior

“…Animals were randomly allocated to treatment groups according to a Latin square design, with five treatments and five experimental periods. …”
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Gastric content technique collection for in vitro degradation and gas production in horses supplemented with live yeast and protected yeast by G.V. Pombo, Y.S. Pereira, H.C. Mazzo, B.C. Franzan, V.S. Pimentel, G.E.S. Alves, R.R. Faleiros, A.P.L. Oliveira, C.F.R. Paz, A.A.O. Gobesso

“…The experimental design used was a the latin square (4x4) for 4 periods and 1 day of gastric content collection, with 15 days of rest between it. …”
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Comparison of the Effect of Corn-fermented Protein and Traditional Ingredients on the Fecal Microbiota of Dogs by Logan R. Kilburn-Kappeler, Tyler Doerksen, Andrea Lu, Rachel M. Palinski, Nanyan Lu, Charles G. Aldrich

“…The experimental diets were fed to adult dogs (<i>n</i> = 12) in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design. Fresh fecal samples (<i>n</i> = 48) were analyzed by 16S metagenomic sequencing. …”
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Bioconversion of Liquid and Solid Lipid Waste by <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> Yeast: A Study of Extracellular Lipase Biosynthesis and Microbial Lipid Production by Katarzyna Wierzchowska, Karolina Szulc, Bartłomiej Zieniuk, Agata Fabiszewska

“…The effects of the type of waste, initial concentration of carbon source, <i>Yarrowia</i> strain, and inoculum size were investigated in two experimental sets using the Latin Square 5 × 5 design method. Post-frying rapeseed oil from chicken frying was selected as the carbon source to promote biomass growth. …”
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The effect of feeding fresh swine manure, poultry waste, urea, molasses and bakery by-products ensiled for lambs by Fernando Martínez San Pedro, Ignacio A. Domínguez Vara, José Luis Bórquez, Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo

“…Methods Four silagesâPWBB, SMBB, SMM and UMâ were prepared, the chemical composition of the silages was determined (n = 3), silages and concentrate ratio (60:40) as fresh matter were given to growing lambs over 21 days as total period, and the collection of samples to determine intake and digestibility was carried out for the last 7 days, in a 4 9 4 Latin square design, with a significance level P.05. …”
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Effect of the dietary level of cull pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) on ruminal fermentation, kinetics, and digestibility of hair lambs by Francisco Castillo Rangel, Guillermo Villalobos Villalobos, David Domínguez Díaz, Juan Ángel Ortega Gutiérrez

“…Data were analyzed in a Latin square design, repeated in line, by MIXED procedure of SAS. …”
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Skin model for improving the reliability of the modified Rodnan skin score for systemic sclerosis by Patnarin Pongkulkiat, Bandit Thinkhamrop, Ajanee Mahakkanukrauh, Siraphop Suwannaroj, Chingching Foocharoen

“…No skin model for mRSS assessment was used for the first two assessments, while one was used for the remaining three rounds of assessments. The Latin square design and Kappa statistic were used to determine inter- and intra-rater variability. …”
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Relationships between Gut Microbiota, Metabolome, Body Weight, and Glucose Homeostasis of Obese Dogs Fed with Diets Differing in Prebiotic and Protein Content by Emmanuelle Apper, Lisa Privet, Bernard Taminiau, Cindy Le Bourgot, Ljubica Svilar, Jean-Charles Martin, Marianne Diez

“…Six obese Beagle dogs received a diet containing 25.6% or 36.9% crude protein, with or without 1% short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (scFOS) or oligofructose (OF), in a Latin-square study design. Fecal and blood samples were collected for metabolite analysis, untargeted metabolomics, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. …”
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Milk fatty acid profile of crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows fed on cake licuri by Antonio Ferraz Porto Junior, Fabiano Ferreira da Silva, Robério Rodrigues Silva, Dicastro Dias de Souza, Edvaldo Nascimento Costa, Evely Giovanna Leite Costa, Bismarck Moreira Santiago, Geónes da Silva Gonçalves

“…Four cows with a blood level of ½ to ¾ Holstein x Zebu blood were used, distributed in a 4 x 4 Latin square, where the inclusion levels of the cake in the total diet were 0.0, 5.5, 11.0 and 16.5%, replacing soybean meal in the diet. …”
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Amino acid supplementation during the adaptation period did not affect the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in corn and soybean meal fed to pigs by Hyunjun Choi, Sun Jong You, Beob Gyun Kim

“…Methods Six barrows with an initial body weight of 30.9±2.6 kg fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were assigned to a 6×6 Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. …”
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Effect of phyto additives and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on rumen ferementation and microbial profile in buffaloes by B PERME, L C CHAUDHARY, NEETA AGARWAL, D N KAMRA

“… To study the effect of plants containing plant secondary metabolites (PSM) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on rumen ferementation and microbial profile, four fistulated adult buffaloes were fed in 4×4 Latin square design. The four groups were, control, without additive; T1, mixture of harad seed pulp and garlic bulb (2% of DMI); T2, S. cerevisiae (350g feremented feed containing S. cerevisiae 106 /g); T3, mixture of harad seed pulp, garlic bulb and S. cerevisiae. …”
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