Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Milk Composition of Dairy Ewes Supplemented with Crushed Sunflower Seeds and Sunflower Seed Silage in Corn Silage-Based Diets by Eduardo Cardoso-Gutiérrez, Alondra Cristel Narváez-López, Lizbeth E. Robles-Jiménez, Andrés Morales Osorio, María de Guadalupe Gutierrez-Martinez, Heidi Leskinen, Marcello Mele, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Manuel González-Ronquillo

“…Six ewes were grouped in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design with three periods of 21 days. All treatments were based on <i>ad libitum</i> corn silage. …”
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Camelina Seed Supplementation at Two Dietary Fat Levels Change Ruminal Bacterial Community Composition in a Dual-Flow Continuous Culture System by Xiaoxia Dai, Paul J. Weimer, Paul J. Weimer, Kimberly A. Dill-McFarland, Virginia L. N. Brandao, Garret Suen, Antonio P. Faciola

“…Diets were randomly assigned to 8 fermenters (1,200–1,250 mL) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with four 10-day experimental periods that consisted of 7 days for diet adaptation and 3 days for sample collection. …”
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Effects of prilled fat supplementation in diets with varying protein levels on production performance of early lactating Nili Ravi Buffaloes by Saba Anwar, Anjum Khalique, Hifzulrahman, Muhammad NaeemTahir, Burhan E Azam, Muhammad Asim Tausif, Sundas Qamar, Hina Tahir, Murtaza Ali Tipu, Muhammad Naveed ul Haque

“…Methods Sixteen early lactating buffaloes (36.75±5.79 d in milk; mean±standard error) received 4 treatments in 4×4 Latin-square design according to 2×2 factorial arrangements. …”
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Effects of Betaine-Biotin-Chromium Supplementation and Concentrate to Roughage Ratio on Nutrient Utilization Efficiency in Thai Native Cattle by Sukanya Poolthajit, Wuttikorn Srakaew, Theerachai Haitook, Chalong Wachirapakorn

“…Five Thai feedlot native beef bulls at one year old of age and 87.6 ± 15.7 kg of body weight were assigned in a (2 × 2) + 1 augmented factorial experiment according to a 5 × 5 Latin square design with five periods of 21 days. The two levels of BBC were 3 g/kg DM and 6 g/kg DM, and the two ratios of C:R were 60C:40R and 70C:30R. …”
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Effect of wheat hay particle size and replacement of wheat hay with wheat silage on rumen pH, rumination and digestibility in ruminally cannulated non-lactating cows by Y. Shaani, M. Nikbachat, E. Yosef, Y. Ben-Meir, N. Friedman, J. Miron, I. Mizrahi

“…This study examined the effects on intake, diurnal rumen pH changes, rumination and digestibility of feeding ruminally cannulated non-lactating cows in a Latin square design (four cows×four periods) with four total mixed rations (TMRs) typical for lactating cows. …”
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Feeding corn germ instead of corn grain on the performance of Holstein dairy cows fed low-forage diet and human-edible feed conversion efficiency by A. Noormohammadi, G.R. Ghorbani, M. Alikhani, A. Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi, H. Rafiee, J.K. Drackley

“…Nine multiparous Holstein cows with 65.6 ± 8.5 DIM, milk yield of 55.6 ± 4.5 kg/d, and body weight of 611.3 ± 43.3 kg (mean ± SD) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Treatments were (1) control treatment (CT, diet contains corn grain), (2) alternative treatment (AT, diet where corn grain was replaced with CG), and (3) balanced treatment (BT, diet where corn grain was replaced with CG but with the same energy content as CT). …”
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Enteric methane emission of dairy cows supplemented with iodoform in a dose–response study by Mirka Thorsteinsson, Peter Lund, Martin Riis Weisbjerg, Samantha Joan Noel, Anna Amanda Schönherz, Anne Louise Frydendahl Hellwing, Hanne Helene Hansen, Mette Olaf Nielsen

“…The experiment was conducted as a 4 × 4 Latin square design using four lactating rumen, duodenal, and ileal cannulated Danish Holstein dairy cows. …”
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Derivatives of Purines and Nitrogen Compounds in Confined Lambs by Juliana A. Vieira, Darcilene M. de Figueiredo, Gabriel B. Pacheco, Gabriel Machado Dallago, Katharine K. de Azevedo, D´arc Elly P. Oliveira, Ana Laurinda M. Rodrigues

“…The experimental design used was 4 x 4 Latin square (4 treatments and 4 periods/repetitions). …”
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Derivatives of Purines and Nitrogen Compounds in Confined Lambs by Juliana A. Vieira, Darcilene M. de Figueiredo, Gabriel B. Pacheco, Gabriel Machado Dallago, Katharine K. de Azevedo, D´arc Elly P. Oliveira, Ana Laurinda M. Rodrigues

“…The experimental design used was 4 x 4 Latin square (4 treatments and 4 periods/repetitions). …”
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Effect of Supplementation of Fish and Canola Oil in the Diet on Milk Fatty Acid Composition in Early Lactating Holstein Cows by Toktam S. Vafa, Abbas A. Naserian, Ali R. Heravi Moussavi, Reza Valizadeh, Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran

“…Eight multiparous early lactation Holstein cows (42±12 DIM, 40±6 kg daily milk yield) were fed a total mixed ration supplemented with either 0% oil (Control), 2% fish oil (FO), 1% canola oil +1% fish oil (FOCO), or 2% canola oil (CO) according to a double 4×4 Latin square design. Each period lasted 3 wk; experimental analyses were restricted to the last week of each period. …”
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Protozoários ciliados do rúmen de bovinos e bubalinos alimentados com dietas suplementadas com monensina ou própolis Ruminal ciliate protozoa of cattle and buffalo fed on diet supp... by Thaís Barros Ríspoli, Isabella Lopes Rodrigues, Rafael Gioia Martins Neto, Ricardo Kazama, Odimari Pricila Pires Prado, Lúcia Maria Zeoula, Pedro Braga Arcuri

“…Four Holstein cattle and four Murrah buffalo, fistulated in the rumen, were distributed in 4x4 Latin square design. The diet was constituted by 50% corn silage and 50% concentrate based on corn grain and soybean meal, and the supplementation of monensin sodium or propolis extracts LLOSA2 or LLOSC1. …”
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Effect of protein supplementation on ruminal parameters and microbial community fingerprint of Nellore steers fed tropical forages by C.B.P. Bento, A.C. Azevedo, D.I. Gomes, E.D. Batista, L.M.A. Rufino, E. Detmann, H.C. Mantovani

“…The experimental design was a 4×4 Latin square balanced for residual effects, with four animals (average initial weight of 280±10 kg) and four experimental periods, each with duration of 29 days. …”
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Avaliação de indicadores para estimativa das digestibilidades parciais e total de dietas em bovinos Evaluation of markers for estimating ruminal, intestinal and total tract digesti... by Rodolfo Marques de Brito, Alexandre Amstalden Moraes Sampaio, Kleber Tomás de Resende, Alexandre Rodrigo Mendes Fernandes, Wignez Henrique, Karina de Souza Routman

“…<br>Four Santa Gertrudis young bulls fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannula were randomly assigned to a 4 x 4 Latin square to compare ruminal, intestinal, and total tract digestibility of nutrients estimated by the internal marker indigestible acid detergent fiber (IADF) or by the external marker chromic oxide (Cr2O3). …”
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Characterization of rumen microbiota in lactating Holstein cows fed molasses versus corn grain at two levels of rumen-degradable protein by E. Guduk, M. B. Hall, G. I. Zanton, A. J. Steinberger, P. J. Weimer, G. Suen, K. A. Weigel

“…Within each RDP level, molasses was substituted for corn grain at a concentration of 0%, 5.25%, or 10.5% of diet dry matter in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 28-day periods. Liquid and solid rumen digesta fractions collected at the end of each period underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify operational taxonomic units and were analyzed for short-chain fatty acids. …”
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Inclusão de silagem de rama de mandioca em substituição à pastagem na alimentação de vacas em lactação: produção, qualidade do leite e da gordura Substitution of pasture by cassava... by E.C. Modesto, G.T. Santos, J.C. Damasceno, U. Cecato, D. Vilela, D.C. Silva, N.E. Souza, M. Matsushita

“…<br>The effect of a partial substitution of pasture for cassava foliage silage (CFS) on milk production and composition on fat quality of Holstein cow milk was studied using a replicated 4 X 4 Latin square design with four treatments. Regression was used for the comparison of nutrition levels. …”
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Yeast Culture and Vitamin E Supplementation Alleviates Heat Stress in Dairy Goats by Lizhi Wang, Zhisheng Wang, Huawei Zou, Quanhui Peng

“…Three first lactation Saanen dairy goats (body weight 30±1.5 kg) were surgically fitted with indwelling catheters in the portal vein, mesenteric vein and carotid artery, and were randomly assigned to a 3×3 Latin square design. Dietary treatments were the basal diet, and the basal diet supplemented with either 100 IU VE or 30 g YC. …”
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The Effects of Feeding Milled Rapeseed Seeds with Different Forage:Concentrate Ratios in Jersey Dairy Cows on Milk Production, Milk Fatty Acid Composition, and Milk Antioxidant Cap... by Daniel Mierlita, Anita Santa, Stefania Mierlita, Stelian Vasile Daraban, Mihai Suteu, Ioan Mircea Pop, Olimpia Smaranda Mintas, Adrian Maximilian Macri

“…Sixteen Jersey dairy cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, for four periods of 4 weeks, and assigned to four treatments as a 2 × 2 factorial design. …”
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Supplementation of Oilseeds to an Herbage Diet High in Condensed Tannins Affects Methane Production with Minimal Impact on Ruminal Fermentation in Continuous Culture by Eric D. Billman, S. Leanne Dillard, Ana Isabel Roca-Fernández, Kathy J. Soder

“…The experimental design was a 4 × 4 Latin square, with four diets containing (dry matter basis) 45% orchardgrass (OCH; <i>Dactylis glomerata</i> L.), 45% sericea lespedeza (SL; <i>Lespedeza cuneata</i> (Dum. …”
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Digestibilidade aparente de dietas com níveis crescentes de concentrado em novilhos Brangus e Nelore Apparent digestibility of diets with increasing concentrate levels in Brangus a... by S.M. Putrino, P.R. Leme, S. Luz e Silva, M.Q. Manella, J.C.M. Nogueira Filho, C.G. Lima, G.F. Alleoni

“…Eight animals, four of each breed, were used in two 4 x 4 Latin square design with five days of adaptation to the diets and five days of collection in each period. …”
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Improvement of feed intake, digestibility, plasma metabolites, and lactation performance of dairy cows fed mixed silage of sugar beet pulp and rice straw inoculated with lactic aci... by Y. Wang, K. Xia, X.N. Wang, X. Lin, J. Liu, Y.J. Li, X.L. Liu, W.J. Zhao, Y.G. Zhang, J.H. Guo

“…Sixteen multiparous Holstein cows (body weight, 622 ± 35 kg; days in milk, 90 ± 11 d; mean ± standard deviation) were used in our experiments; the experiments were based on a repeated 4 × 4 Latin square design for 21 d, and each experimental period consisted of 14 d of adaptation, followed by 7 d of data collection. …”
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