Polyploid Genome Assembly Provides Insights into Morphological Development and Ascorbic Acid Accumulation of <i>Sauropus androgynus</i> by Fagang Xia, Bin Li, Kangkang Song, Yankun Wang, Zhuangwei Hou, Haozhen Li, Xiaohua Zhang, Fangping Li, Long Yang

“…Phylogenetic analysis traced back the divergence of <i>Sauropus</i> from <i>Phyllanthus</i> to approximately 29.67 million years ago (Mya). Genome analysis revealed that <i>S. androgynus</i> polyploidized around 20.51 Mya and shared a γ event about 132.95 Mya. …”
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Relict groups of spiny frogs indicate Late Paleogene-Early Neogene trans-Tibet dispersal of thermophile faunal elements by Sylvia Hofmann, Daniel Jablonski, Spartak N. Litvinchuk, Rafaqat Masroor, Joachim Schmidt

“…The results further reveal a basal placement of Chrysopaa relative to Allopaa and Nanorana with an estimated age of ca. 26 Mya. Based on the topology tests, the phylogenetic position of Allopaa as a sister clade to Chaparana seems to be most likely, resulting in a paraphyletic genus Nanorana and a separation from the latter clade around 20 Mya, although a basal position of Allopaa to the genus Nanorana cannot be entirely excluded. …”
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MAY THERE BE A CONCURRENCE OF EPILEPSY AND SCHIZOPHRENIA? A LINK BETWEEN GENIUS AND MADNESS by M. Ya. Kissin, E. Moiseeva

“…Interview with M.Ya. Kissin…”
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Pengurusan sumber manusia: Konsep dan falsafah by Sharif, Mohmad Yazam

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Lemurs (Animal Diversity)/ by Seibert, Kathrin, author 648260

“…Lemurs arrived in Madagascar around 62 to 65 mya by rafting on mats of vegetation at a time when ocean currents favored oceanic dispersal to the island. …”
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Description of a fossil camelid from the Pleistocene of Argentina, and a cladistic analysis of the Camelinae by Sinéad Lynch, Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra, Ana Balcarcel

“…Our results indicate a divergence between Lamini and Camelini predating the Barstovian (16 Mya). Camelops appears as monophyletic within the Camelini. …”
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An ancient selective sweep linked to reproductive life history evolution in sockeye salmon by Andrew J. Veale, Michael A. Russello

“…This divergence likely occurred ~3.8 Mya (95% HPD = 2.1–6.03 Mya), after sockeye separated from pink (O. gorbuscha) and chum (O. keta) salmon, but prior to the Pleistocene glaciations. …”
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Recent dispersal and diversification within the clingfish genus Acyrtus (Actinopterygii: Gobiesocidae), with the description of a new western Atlantic species by Thais L. Quintão, João Luiz Gasparini, Jean-Christophe Joyeux, Luiz A. Rocha, Hudson T. Pinheiro

“…Our phylogeny reveals cryptic species and the paraphyletic nature of Acyrtus, which included Arcos nudus (western Atlantic) in a clade that separated from Arcos erythrops (tropical eastern Pacific) around 20 Mya. The three species found in the Brazilian Province, including one that remains undescribed, form a monophyletic clade which colonized the western South Atlantic around 2.6 Mya. …”
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The Origin of Large-Bodied Shrimp that Dominate Modern Global Aquaculture. by Javier Robalino, Blake Wilkins, Heather D Bracken-Grissom, Tin-Yam Chan, Maureen A O'Leary

“…We show that exquisitely preserved fossils of †Antrimpos speciosus from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen limestone belong to the same clade as the species that dominate modern farming, dating the origin of this clade to at least 145 mya. This finding contradicts a much younger Late Cretaceous age (ca. 95 mya) previously estimated for this clade using molecular clocks. …”
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Evolution of the chicken Toll-like receptor gene family: A story of gene gain and gene loss by Paton Ian R, Berlin Sofia, Temperley Nicholas D, Griffin Darren K, Burt David W

“…All other TLRs were already present prior to the divergence of major vertebrate lineages 550 Mya (million years ago) and have since been lost in certain lineages. …”
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The oldest “intermetamorphic” larva of an achelatan lobster from the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale, South Germany by Joachim T. Haug, Carolin Haug, Günter Schweigert

“…Thousands of specimens have been found in the lithographic limestone of Southern Germany (Tithonian, Upper Jurassic, about 150 mya). At least three types of fossil, but modern-appearing phyllosoma larvae are known. …”
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Ruminants reveal Eocene Asiatic palaeobiogeographical provinces as the origin of diachronous mammalian Oligocene dispersals into Europe by Bastien Mennecart, Manuela Aiglstorfer, Yikun Li, Chunxiao Li, ShiQi Wang

“…These results confirm that there were at least two dispersal events, distinct in space and time: the Grande-Coupure from Northern and Central Asia along the North ca. 34 Mya and the Bachitherium dispersal event from the Southern province along a southerly route ca. 31 Mya.…”
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A new genus name for pygmy lorises, Xanthonycticebus gen. nov. (Mammalia, primates) by K. Anne-Isola Nekaris, Vincent Nijman

“…The median date, calculated for the divergence between Xanthonycticebus and Nycticebus, is 10.5 Mya (range 4.9–21.0 Mya). Xanthonycticebus differs from Nycticebus by showing sympatry with other slow loris species, by habitually giving birth to twins, by showing seasonal body mass and whole body coat colour changes (absent in other species living at similar latitudes) and a multi-male, multi-female social system. …”
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Phylogeny, systematics and biogeography of the genus panolis (lepidoptera: noctuidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence. by Houshuai Wang, Xiaoling Fan, Mamoru Owada, Min Wang, Sören Nylin

“…Our results suggest that 1) Panolis is a young clade, originating from the Oriental region in China in the Late Miocene (6-10Mya), with an ancestral species in the P. flammea group extending northward to the Palearctic region some 3-6 Mya; 2) there is a clear possibility for a representative of the Palearctic clade to become established as an invasive species in the Nearctic taiga.…”
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Deconstruction of the (paleo)polyploid grapevine genome based on the analysis of transposition events involving NBS resistance genes. by Giulia Malacarne, Michele Perazzolli, Alessandro Cestaro, Lieven Sterck, Paolo Fontana, Yves Van de Peer, Roberto Viola, Riccardo Velasco, Francesco Salamini

“…Time estimation indicates that grapevine component genomes may have fused about 60 mya, having had at least 40-60 mya to evolve independently. …”
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The origin and evolution of sex chromosomes, revealed by sequencing of the Silene latifolia female genome by Yue, J, Krasovec, M, Kazama, Y, Zhang, X, Xie, W, Zhang, S, Xu, X, Kan, B, Ming, R, Filatov, DA

“…The NRY expanded about 6 mya via linkage between the Xpr and the sex-determining region, which may have been caused by expanding pericentromeric recombination suppression on the X chromosome. …”

Recent assembly of the Cerrado, a neotropical plant diversity hotspot, by in situ evolution of adaptations to fire. by Simon, M, Grether, R, de Queiroz, L, Skema, C, Pennington, RT, Hughes, C

“…Time-calibrated phylogenies suggest that Cerrado lineages started to diversify less than 10 Mya, with most lineages diversifying at 4 Mya or less, coinciding with the rise to dominance of flammable C4 grasses and expansion of the savanna biome worldwide. …”

Putting humans in their proper place by Dunbar, R

“…First, he confuses developmental constraints with selection explanations in the initial jump in hominid brain size around two MYA. Second, he misunderstands the Machiavellian Intelligence explanation. © 2006 Cambridge University Press.…”

A Comprehensive Introduction to The Triassic Period & Events / by Alexander, Akira, author 648869

“…The Triassic is a geological period that extended from about 250 to 200 Mya (million years ago). As the first period of the Mesozoic Era, the Triassic follows the Permian and is followed by the Jurassic. …”
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The phylogeography of Middle Eastern tree frogs in Israel by Gal Mesika Surizon, Eli Geffen, Uri Roll, Sarig Gafny, R. G. Bina Perl

“…Our results revealed two distinct haplogroups for each gene fragment, with 95% CI divergence times dated from 8.9–17.1 Mya (16S) and 7.1–23.6 Mya (COI), respectively. …”
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