Phylogeographic study of Apodemus ilex (Rodentia: Muridae) in Southwest China. by Qi Liu, Peng Chen, Kai He, C William Kilpatrick, Shao-Ying Liu, Fa-Hong Yu, Xue-Long Jiang

“…The population expansions of A. ilex were roughly from 0.089 Mya to 0.023 Mya.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our result suggested that A. ilex is a valid species rather than synonym of A. draco. …”
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The salivary gland transcriptome of the neotropical malaria vector <it>Anopheles darlingi </it>reveals accelerated evolution of genes relevant to hematophagy by Andersen John F, Marinotti Osvaldo, Pham Van M, Calvo Eric, Ribeiro José MC

“…Culicine and anopheline mosquitoes diverged ~150 MYA, and within the anophelines, the New World species diverged from those of the Old World ~95 MYA. …”
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Disjunction and Vicariance Between East and West Asia: A Case Study on Euonymus sect. Uniloculares Based on Plastid Genome Analysis by Shayan Jamshed, Joo-Hwan Kim

“…Biloculares forebears 4.0 Mya during the Pliocene era. The radial diversification of sect. …”
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<em>Bajacanthon</em>, a New Subgenus for the Mexican Deltochilini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Fauna by Gonzalo Halffter, Alejandro Espinosa de los Monteros, Janet Nolasco-Soto, Alfonsina Arriaga-Jiménez, Sara Rivera-Gasperín

“…Results based on molecular clock inference showed that the split between the lineages leading to the subgenus <i>Bajacanthon</i> and <i>Boreocanthon</i> took place nearly 16 Mya, whereas the radiation within <i>Bajacanthon</i> was dated to 3.7 Mya.…”
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Nunataks or massif de refuge? A phylogeographic study of Rhodiola crenulata (Crassulaceae) on the world’s highest sky islands by Yuan-Zhen Zhang, Ruo-Wei Zhu, Da-Lv Zhong, Jian-Qiang Zhang

“…The divergence of R. crenulata and its closest relatives was dated have occurred ca. 0.65 Mya, during the Naynayxungla glaciation on the QTP. …”
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Structural Diversity of a Novel LTR Retrotransposon, , in the Genus by Yu-Chia Hsu, Chang-Sheng Wang, Yann-Rong Lin, Yong-Pei Wu

“…The insertion time of these RTPOSONs varied and their proliferation occurred within the last 8 Mya, with two bursting periods within the last 1.5-5.0 Mya. …”
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Independent Evolution of Winner Traits without Whole Genome Duplication in Dekkera Yeasts. by Yi-Cheng Guo, Lin Zhang, Shao-Xing Dai, Wen-Xing Li, Jun-Juan Zheng, Gong-Hua Li, Jing-Fei Huang

“…The Saccharomyces yeasts attained these traits mainly through whole genome duplication approximately 100 million years ago (Mya). However, the Dekkera yeasts, which were separated from S. cerevisiae approximately 200 Mya, did not undergo whole genome duplication (WGD) but still occupy a niche similar to S. cerevisiae. …”
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A Bird’s-Eye View of Chromosomic Evolution in the Class Aves by Rebecca E. O’Connor, Rafael Kretschmer, Michael N. Romanov, Darren K. Griffin

“…The only extant examples of dinosaurs, birds emerged ~150 mya and >10% are currently threatened with extinction. …”
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<i>Solenysa</i>, a Cretaceous Relict Spider Group in East Asia by Jiahui Tian, Yongjia Zhan, Chengmin Shi, Hirotsugu Ono, Lihong Tu

“…We found that <i>Solenysa</i> diverged from other linyphiids early in the Cretaceous (79.29 mya), while its further diversification has been delayed until the middle Oligocene (28.62 mya). …”
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Integrative taxonomy on the rare sky-island Ligidium species from southwest China (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Ligiidae) by Jin Wang, Jingbo Yang, Xuegang Zeng, Weichun Li

“…We also estimated that the species divergences of sky-island Ligidium in southwest China started in late Eocene (40.97 Mya) to middle Miocene (15.19 Mya). Four new species (L. duospinatum Li, sp. nov., L. acuminatum Li, sp. nov., L. rotundum Li, sp. nov. and L. tridentatum Li, sp. nov.) are described. …”
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Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Amphidromous Fish Genus Dormitator Gill 1861 (Teleostei: Eleotridae). by Sesángari Galván-Quesada, Ignacio Doadrio, Fernando Alda, Anabel Perdices, Ruth Gisela Reina, Martín García Varela, Natividad Hernández, Antonio Campos Mendoza, Eldredge Bermingham, Omar Domínguez-Domínguez

“…The separation of the Pacific and Atlantic lineages was estimated to have occurred ~1 million years ago (Mya), whereas the four Atlantic clades showed mean times of divergence between 0.2 and 0.4 Mya. …”
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Mitochondrial Genome and Nuclear Markers Provide New Insight into the Evolutionary History of Macaques. by Juan Jiang, Jianqiu Yu, Jing Li, Peng Li, Zhenxin Fan, Lili Niu, Jiabo Deng, Bisong Yue, Jing Li

“…According to the estimation of divergence dates, the hybridization occurred around 0.88~1.77 mya (nuclear data) or 1.38~2.56 mya (mitochondrial data). …”
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Complete chloroplast genomes of 11 Sabia samples: Genomic features, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationship by Qiyu Chen, Chunling Chen, Bo Wang, Zehuan Wang, Wenfen Xu, Yuan Huang, Qingwen Sun

“…The divergence time calculated based on the Reltime method indicated that the evolutionary branches of Sabia and Meliosma started to form approximately 85.95 million years ago (Mya), and the species within Sabia began to diverge approximately 7.65 Mya. …”
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Papain-like cysteine proteases in Carica papaya: lineage-specific gene duplication and expansion by Juan Liu, Anupma Sharma, Marie Jamille Niewiara, Ratnesh Singh, Ray Ming, Qingyi Yu

“…The major duplication events leading to lineage-specific expansion of papaya PLCP genes in subfamily III were estimated at 48 MYA, 34 MYA, and 16 MYA. The gene expression patterns of the papaya PLCP genes in different tissues were assessed by transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR. …”
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Molecular phylogeny of the Palaearctic butterfly genus Pseudophilotes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with focus on the Sardinian endemic P. barbagiae by Valentina Todisco, Andrea Grill, Konrad Fiedler, Brigitte Gottsberger, Vlad Dincă, Raluca Vodă, Vladimir Lukhtanov, Harald Letsch

“…The split between the lineage comprising bavius and fatma (sometimes treated as a distinct genus, Rubrapterus) with Salvia species as larval host plants, and the remaining Pseudophilotes that utilize Thymus and other Lamiaceae (but not Salvia), dates back to about 4.9 million years ago (Mya). Conclusions Our results show that the last common ancestor of the genus probably lived in the Messinian period (5.33–7.25 Mya). …”
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The Plastome Sequences of <i>Triticum sphaerococcum</i> (ABD) and <i>Triticum turgidum</i> subsp. <i>durum</i> (AB) Exhibit Evolutionary Changes, Structural Characterization, Compa... by Lubna, Sajjad Asaf, Rahmatullah Jan, Abdul Latif Khan, Waqar Ahmad, Saleem Asif, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Kyung-Min Kim, In-Jung Lee

“…We estimated the divergence of <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> from wheat around 11.04–11.9 million years ago (mya) using a well-resolved plastome tree. Similarly, Sitopsis species diverged 2.8–2.9 mya before <i>Triticum urartu</i> (AA) and <i>Triticum monococcum</i> (AA). …”
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Differentiation patterns of emperor moths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Saturniinae) of a continental island: divergent evolutionary history driven by Pleistocene glaciations by Wen-Bin Yeh, Cheng-Lung Tsai, Thai-Hong Pham, Shipher Wu, Chia-Wei Chang, Hong-Minh Bui

“…Calibration dating revealed that Taiwanese endemic saturniines split from sibling Asian species 0.2–2.7 million years ago (Mya), whereas subspecific-level and population-level splitting events occurred 0.1–1.7 Mya and 0.2–1.2 Mya, respectively. …”
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An elevational shift facilitated the Mesoamerican diversification of Azure‐hooded Jays (Cyanolyca cucullata) during the Great American Biotic Interchange by John E. McCormack, Molly M. Hill, Devon A. DeRaad, Eliza J. Kirsch, Kelsey R. Reckling, Marquette J. Mutchler, Brenda R. Ramirez, Russell M. L. Campbell, Jessie F. Salter, Alana K. Pizarro, Whitney L. E. Tsai, Elisa Bonaccorso

“…But the exact timing of these events is still being revealed, with recent studies suggesting a much earlier time window for faunal exchange, perhaps as early as 20 million years ago (Mya). Using a time‐calibrated phylogenetic tree, we show that the jay genus Cyanolyca is emblematic of bird dispersal trends, with an early, pre‐land bridge dispersal from Mesoamerica to South America 6.3–7.3 Mya, followed by a back‐colonization of C. cucullata to Mesoamerica 2.3–4.8 Mya, likely after the land bridge was complete. …”
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Complete Mitogenomes of Three Carangidae (Perciformes) Fishes: Genome Description and Phylogenetic Considerations by Zhenhai Li, Min Li, Shannan Xu, Li Liu, Zuozhi Chen, Keshu Zou

“…<i>A. indicus</i> began to differentiate from other species about 27.20 million years ago (Mya) in the early Miocene, while <i>D. tabl</i> (21.25 Mya) and <i>A. djedaba</i> (14.67 Mya) differentiated in the middle Oligocene.…”
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Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of the AP2/EREBP, COX and LTP genes in Zea mays L. under drought stress by Amaal Maghraby, Mohamed Alzalaty

“…The duplication time of the AP2/EREBP paralogous gene pairs in Z. mays L. ranged from approximately 9.364 to 100.935 Mya. The duplication time of the COX-3/COX-4 paralogous gene pair was approximately 5.217 Mya. …”
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