Rosaceae, Brassicaceae and pollen beetles: exploring relationships and evolution in an anthophilous beetle lineage (Nitidulidae, Meligethes-complex of genera) using an integrative... by Meike Liu, Min Huang, Andrew Richard Cline, Emiliano Mancini, Andrea Scaramuzzi, Simone Paradisi, Paolo Audisio, Davide Badano, Simone Sabatelli

“…Other ancestral Odonthogethes probably shifted again on the unrelated plant family Brassicaceae (maybe 8–14 Mya in S China), allowing a rapid westward radiation of the Brassicogethes clade.…”
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Dynamic Diversity of NLR Genes in <i>Triticum</i> and Mining of Promising NLR Alleles for Disease Resistance by Xiaolong Li, Shifeng Cheng

“…Here, we identified 2012 NLR genes from hexaploid wheat, and Ks values of paired syntenic NLRs showed a significant peak at 3.1–6.3 MYA, which exactly coincided with the first hybridization event between A and B genome lineages at ~5.5 MYA. …”
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Continuously Growing Rodent Molars Result from a Predictable Quantitative Evolutionary Change over 50 Million Years by Vagan Tapaltsyan, Jussi T. Eronen, A. Michelle Lawing, Amnon Sharir, Christine Janis, Jukka Jernvall, Ophir D. Klein

“…We studied occurrences of 3,500 North American rodent fossils, ranging from 50 million years ago (mya) to 2 mya. We examined changes in molar height to determine whether evolution of hypselodonty shows distinct patterns in the fossil record, and we found that hypselodont taxa emerged through intermediate forms of increasing crown height. …”
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Comparative mitogenomes provide new insights into phylogeny and taxonomy of the subfamily Xenocyprinae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) by Zhi Zhang, Jiming Li, Jiming Li, Xiaodong Zhang, Bingming Lin, Jianming Chen

“…Divergence time estimation revealed that the earliest divergence within Xenocyprinae occurred approximately 12.1 Mya when Plagiognathops separated from the primitive Xenocypris. …”
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Characterization and Comparison of the CPK Gene Family in the Apple (Malus × domestica) and Other Rosaceae Species and Its Response to Alternaria alternata Infection. by Menghan Wei, Sanhong Wang, Hui Dong, Binhua Cai, Jianmin Tao

“…Most of segmental duplication pairs in peach and plum may have arisen from the γ triplication (~140 million years ago [MYA]), while in apple genome, many duplicated genes may have been derived from a recent WGD (30~45 MYA). …”
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Pre-Holocene Origin for the Coronopus navasii Disjunction: Conservation Implications from Its Long Isolation. by Sara Martín-Hernanz, Alejandro G Fernández de Castro, Juan Carlos Moreno-Saiz, Virginia Valcárcel

“…Molecular results placed the disjunction during Miocene-Pleistocene (6.30-0.49 Mya, plastid DNA; 1.45-0.03 Mya, ribosomal DNA), which discards a putative human-mediated origin. …”
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Comparative Analysis of Transposable Elements in Genus <i>Calliptamus</i> Grasshoppers Revealed That Satellite DNA Contributes to Genome Size Variation by Muhammad Majid, Huang Yuan

“…The genus <i>Calliptamus</i> diverged from <i>Peripolus</i> around 17 mya and its species divergence dated back about 8.5 mya, but their genome size shows rather large differences. …”
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Endogenization of a Prosimian Retrovirus during Lemur Evolution by Kathleen Apakupakul, Sharon L. Deem, Rabia Maqsood, Peeti Sithiyopasakul, David Wang, Efrem S. Lim

“…Molecular clock analysis of PSRV1 long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences estimated the time of endogenization within 4.56 MYA (±2.4 MYA), placing it after the divergence of <i>Propithecus</i> species. …”
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Genomic and transcriptomic resources for assassin flies including the complete genome sequence of Proctacanthus coquilletti (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae) and 16 representative trans... by Rebecca B. Dikow, Paul B. Frandsen, Mauren Turcatel, Torsten Dikow

“…A time-calibrated phylogeny is also presented, with seven fossil calibration points, which suggests an older age of the split among Apioceridae, Asilidae, and Mydidae (158 mya) and Apioceridae and Mydidae (135 mya) than proposed in the AToL FlyTree project. …”
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Influence of ancient glacial periods on the Andean fauna: the case of the pampas cat (<it>Leopardus colocolo</it>) by Angers Bernard, Ruiz-García Manuel, Lucherini Mauro, Cossíos Daniel

“…The similar coalescence times of the mitochondrial haplotypes indicated that the major clades split approximately one million years ago, likely during the Pre-Pastonian glacial period (0.80 – 1.30 MYA), followed by a demographic expansion in every clade during the Aftonian interglacial period (0.45 – 0.62 MYA). …”
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Striatiguttulaceae, a new pleosporalean family to accommodate Longicorpus and Striatiguttula gen. nov. from palms by Sheng-Nan Zhang, Kevin D. Hyde, E.B. Gareth Jones, Rajesh Jeewon, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Jian-Kui Liu

“…A polyphasic approach based on morphology, multi-gene phylogenetic analyses and divergence time estimates supports the establishment of a novel pleosporalean family Striatiguttulaceae, which diversified approximately 39 (20–63) MYA (crown age) and 60 (35–91) MYA (stem age). Striatiguttulaceae is characterized by stromata or ascomata with a short to long neck, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses and fusiform to ellipsoidal, 1–3-septate ascospores, with longitudinal striations and paler end cells, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. …”
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Gene mining, codon optimization and analysis of binding mechanism of an aldo-keto reductase with high activity, better substrate specificity and excellent solvent tolerance. by Wei Jiang, Xiaoli Fu, Weiliang Wu

“…In this study, the AKR from Candida tropicalis MYA-3404 (C. tropicalis MYA-3404), was mined and characterized. …”
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Phylogeography and genetic structuring of European nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius)-mitochondrial DNA evidence. by Amber G F Teacher, Takahito Shikano, Marika E Karjalainen, Juha Merilä

“…The split between the two European clades was dated to approximately 1.48 million years ago (Mya), and between Canada and Europe to approximately 1.62 Mya. …”
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Molecular systematics and morphological variation in the Mesopotamian spiny eel Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Teleostei: Mastacembelidae) by A. Gholamhosseini, M. Razbanian, H. R. Esmaeili, S. Eagderi

“…Estimation of divergence times indicates the Mesopotamian spiny eel apparently diverged about 1 million years ago (Mya) (95% highest posterior density [HPD]: from 390,000 years ago to 2.1 Mya) in different river drainages of the Persian Gulf basin.…”
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Genomic insights into the sessile life and biofouling of barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia) by Jack Chi-Ho Ip, Jian-Wen Qiu, Benny K.K. Chan

“…We estimate that Cirripedia first arose ~495 million years ago (MYA) and further diversified since Mesozoic. A demographic analysis revealed remarkable population changes of the barnacle in relation to sea-level fluctuations in the last 2 MYA. …”
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Transcriptome analysis reveals the time of the fourth round of genome duplication in common carp (<it>Cyprinus carpio)</it> by Wang Jin-Tu, Li Jiong-Tang, Zhang Xiao-Feng, Sun Xiao-Wen

“…An estimation of the synonymous substitution rate in the orthologous pairs indicated that common carp and zebrafish diverged 120 million years ago (MYA). We identified one round of genome duplication in common carp and estimated that it had occurred 5.6 to 11.3 MYA. …”
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Evolution of a Human-Specific De Novo Open Reading Frame and Its Linked Transcriptional Silencer by Nicholas Delihas

“…One ORF consists of an ultra-conserved 68 amino acid (aa) sequence, whose origins can be traced beyond the evolutionary age of divergence of the elephant shark, ~462 MYA. The silencer also has ancient origins, but it has a complex and divergent pattern of evolutionary formation, as it overlaps both at the 68 aa ORF and the intervening sequence. …”
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Divide to Conquer: Evolutionary History of Allioideae Tribes (Amaryllidaceae) Is Linked to Distinct Trends of Karyotype Evolution by Lucas Costa, Horace Jimenez, Reginaldo Carvalho, Jefferson Carvalho-Sobrinho, Inelia Escobar, Gustavo Souza

“…The crown group of Allioideae diversified ∼62 Mya supporting a Gondwanic origin for the subfamily and vicariance as the cause of the intercontinental disjunction of the tribes. …”
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Pattern of New Gene Origination in a Special Fish Lineage, the Flatfishes by Haorong Li, Chunyan Chen, Zhongkai Wang, Kun Wang, Yongxin Li, Wen Wang

“…The emergence rate of species-specific genes is 32.1 per Mya and the whole average level rate for the flatfish-lineage-specific genes is 20.9 per Mya. …”
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Comparative transcriptomics of strawberries (Fragaria spp.) provides insights into evolutionary patterns by Qin Qiao, Li Xue, Qia Wang, Hang Sun, Yang Zhong, Jinling Huang, Jiajun Lei, Ticao Zhang

“…The phylogenic tree shows that Fragaria closed grouped with Rubus and the Fragaria clade is divided into three subclades.East Asian species appeared in every subclade, suggesting that the genus originated in this area at ~7.99 Mya. Four species found in mountains of Southwest China originated at ~3.98 Mya, suggesting that rapid speciation occurred to adapt to changing environments following the uplift of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. …”
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