Biogeography and evolution of the <it>Carassius auratus</it>-complex in East Asia by Iguchi Kei'ichiro, Yamamoto Gunji, Kon Takeshi, Tachihara Katsunori, Takada Mikumi, Miya Masaki, Nishida Mutsumi

“…The divergence time of the seven lineages was estimated to be 0.2 million years ago (Mya) by a fossil-based method and 1.0-1.9 Mya by the molecular clock method. …”
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Genetic Diversity and Sequence Conservation of Peptide-Binding Regions of MHC Class I Genes in Pig, Cattle, Chimpanzee, and Human by Seungyeon Youk, Mingue Kang, Byeongyong Ahn, Yangmo Koo, Chankyu Park

“…The estimated divergence times suggest that primate and artiodactyl MHC class I genes diverged 60.41 Mya, and BoLA and <i>SLA</i> genes diverged 35.34 Mya. …”
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Genetic Structure and Differentiation of Endangered <i>Cycas</i> Species Indicate a Southward Migration Associated with Historical Cooling Events by Zhi He, Zhi Yao, Kailai Wang, Youzhi Li, Yongbo Liu

“…<i>fairylakea</i>, and <i>C. hongheensis</i> differentiated from them at ~1.74 Mya. TreeMix results showed historic migration events from <i>C</i>. …”
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Evolutionary Divergence between <i>Toona ciliata</i> and <i>Toona sinensis</i> Assayed with Their Whole Genome Sequences by Xi Wang, Yu Xiao, Zi-Han He, Ling-Ling Li, Yan-Wen Lv, Xin-Sheng Hu

“…The long-terminal repeats (LTRs) insertion was earlier in the <i>T. ciliata</i> genome (3.2985 ± 2.5007 Mya) than in the <i>T. sinensis</i> genome (3.1516 ± 2.2097 Mya). …”
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Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes). by Hussam Zaher, Robert W Murphy, Juan Camilo Arredondo, Roberta Graboski, Paulo Roberto Machado-Filho, Kristin Mahlow, Giovanna G Montingelli, Ana Bottallo Quadros, Nikolai L Orlov, Mark Wilkinson, Ya-Ping Zhang, Felipe G Grazziotin

“…Our results further suggest that the caenophidian radiation originated within the Caenozoic, with the divergence between Colubroides and Acrochordidae occurring in the early Eocene, at ~ 56 Mya.…”
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Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Divergence Time Estimation, and Biogeography of the Family <i>Pseudoplagiostomataceae</i> (<i>Ascomycota</i>, <i>Diaporthales</i>) by Zhaoxue Zhang, Xinye Liu, Mengfei Tao, Xiaoyong Liu, Jiwen Xia, Xiuguo Zhang, Zhe Meng

“…Molecular clock analyses on the divergence times of <i>Pseudoplagiostomataceae</i> indicated that the conjoint ancestor of <i>Pseudoplagiostomataceae</i> and <i>Apoharknessiaceae</i> occurred in the Cretaceous period. and had a mean stem age of 104.1 Mya (95% HPD of 86.0–129.0 Mya, 1.0 PP), and most species emerged in the Paleogene and Neogene period. …”
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History cooling events contributed to the endangered status of Pseudotsuga brevifolia endemic to limestone habitats by Chao Zhang, Zhi He, Xi Dong, Hong Liu, Hongyan Zhou, Kailai Wang, Juan Guo, Yongbo Liu

“…The populations of P. brevifolia declined three times consistent with the Naynayxungla Glaciation (0.8–0.5 Mya), Lushan Glacial Period (∼0.3 Mya) and the Last Interglacial Period (LGP) (10–70 Kya). …”
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Phylotranscriptomics suggests the jawed vertebrate ancestor could generate diverse helper and regulatory T cell subsets by Anthony K. Redmond, Daniel J. Macqueen, Helen Dooley

“…Abstract Background The cartilaginous fishes diverged from other jawed vertebrates ~ 450 million years ago (mya). Despite this key evolutionary position, the only high-quality cartilaginous fish genome available is for the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii), a chimaera whose ancestors split from the elasmobranch lineage ~ 420 mya. …”
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Haemophilus ducreyi Cutaneous Ulcer Strains Are Nearly Identical to Class I Genital Ulcer Strains. by Dharanesh Gangaiah, Kristen M Webb, Tricia L Humphreys, Kate R Fortney, Evelyn Toh, Albert Tai, Samantha S Katz, Allan Pillay, Cheng-Yen Chen, Sally A Roberts, Robert S Munson, Stanley M Spinola

“…Class I strains diverged from class II strains ~1.95 million years ago (mya) and CU strains diverged from the class I strain 35000HP ~0.18 mya. …”
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Comprehensive analysis and reinterpretation of Cenozoic mesofossils reveals ancient origin of the snapping claw of alpheid shrimps by Matúš Hyžný, Andreas Kroh, Alexander Ziegler, Arthur Anker, Martin Košťák, Ján Schlögl, Adam Culka, John W. M. Jagt, René H. B. Fraaije, Mathias Harzhauser, Barry W. M. van Bakel, Andrej Ruman

“…Based on the presence of several distinct snapping claw-fingertip morphotypes, the major radiation of Alpheus lineages is estimated to have occurred as early as 18 mya. In addition, the oldest fossil record of alpheids in general can now be confirmed for the Late Oligocene (27–28 mya), thus providing a novel minimum age for the entire group as well as the first reliable calibration point for deep phylogenetic inferences.…”
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Speciation in a biodiversity hotspot: Phylogenetic relationships, species delimitation, and divergence times of Patagonian ground frogs from the Eupsophus roseus group (Alsodidae). by Elkin Y Suárez-Villota, Camila A Quercia, Leila M Díaz, Victoria Vera-Sovier, José J Nuñez

“…It is hypothesized that Eupsophus diversification occurred during Mid-Pleistocene (0.42-0.14 Mya), with most species having originated after the Last Southern Patagonian Glaciation (0.18 Mya). …”
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Evolutionary relationships and divergence times among the native rats of Australia by Matisoo-Smith Elizabeth, McComish Bennet J, Phillips Matthew J, McLenachan Patricia A, Robins Judith H, Ross Howard A

“…</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Analyses of 16 mitochondrial genomes representing species sampled from Australo-Papuan and Asian clades of <it>Rattus </it>indicate divergence of these two groups ~2.7 million years ago (Mya). Subsequent diversification of at least 4 lineages within the Australo-Papuan clade was rapid and occurred over the period from ~ 0.9-1.7 Mya, a finding that explains the difficulty in resolving some relationships within this clade. …”
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The Potential of Eocene Shale of Nanggulan Formation as a Hydrocarbon Source Rock by S. Winardi, B. Toha, M. Imron, D. H. Amijaya

“…Otherwise, TTI calculation result from subsurface burial history modelling indicates that some areas are mature having reached gas window since 0.4 mya, especially in the area which had been influenced by a volcanic intrusion at Oligocene (28.5 mya). …”
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Genome, genetic evolution, and environmental adaptation mechanisms of Schizophyllum commune in deep subseafloor coal-bearing sediments by Xuan Liu, Xin Huang, Chen Chu, Hui Xu, Long Wang, Yarong Xue, Zain Ul Arifeen Muhammad, Fumio Inagaki, Changhong Liu

“…Summary: To understand the genomic evolution and adaptation strategies of fungi to subseafloor sedimentary environments, we de novo assembled the genome of Schizophyllum commune strain 20R-7-F01 isolated from ∼2.0 km-deep, ∼20-millionyearsago (Mya) coal-bearing sediments. Phylogenomics study revealed a differentiation time of 28–73 Mya between this strain and the terrestrial type-strain H4-8, in line with sediment age records. …”
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First shark from the Late Devonian (Frasnian) Gogo Formation, Western Australia sheds new light on the development of tessellated calcified cartilage. by John A Long, Carole J Burrow, Michal Ginter, John G Maisey, Kate M Trinajstic, Michael I Coates, Gavin C Young, Tim J Senden

“…METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Here we present new data from the first well-preserved chondrichthyan fossil from the early Late Devonian (ca. 380-384 Mya) Gogo Formation Lägerstatte of Western Australia. …”
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Genome-Wide Analysis of the AP2/ERF Transcription Factors Family and the Expression Patterns of DREB Genes in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). by Huili Wu, Hao Lv, Long Li, Jun Liu, Shaohua Mu, Xueping Li, Jian Gao

“…Analysis of the evolutionary patterns and divergence showed the PeAP2/ERF genes underwent a large-scale event around 15 million years ago (MYA) and the division time of AP2/ERF family genes between rice and moso bamboo was 15-23 MYA. …”
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MHC class I evolution; from Northern pike to salmonids by U. Grimholt, M. Lukacs

“…The salmonid MHCIa and MHCIb regions were formed during the 94 MYA since the split from pike and before the Oncorhynchus and Salmo branch separated. …”
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Molecular Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Goodyera R. Br. (Orchidaceae): A Case of the Vicariance Between East Asia and North America by Tae-Hee Kim, Joo-Hwan Kim

“…Molecular dating analyses revealed the origin of Goodyera in the mid-Miocene (15.75 Mya). Nearctic clade of Goodyera was diverged at 10.88 Mya from their most recent common ancestor (MRCA). …”
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Insights on the Existence of Ancient Glacial Refugee in the Northern Black/Azov Sea Lowland, with the Description of the First Stygobiotic Microcrustacean Species of the Genus <i>N... by Ivan N. Marin, Dmitry M. Palatov

“…These species represent a separate phylogenetic lineage within the “<i>carpathicus</i>” species complex, which diverged from the congeners in the Late Miocene for more than 10 Mya. At the same time, the speciation within the ingroup started about 5–6 Mya, obviously correlating with the drainage of the Euxinian basin of the Eastern Paratethys, connecting the lower Don and southern Greece areas. …”
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Co-Evolution of <i>Iolana</i> Blues with Their Host Plants and the Higher Phylogeny of Subtribe Scolitantidina (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) by Vazrick Nazari, Sergio Montagud Alario, Loukia Spilani, Vlad Dincă, Alireza Naderi, Wolfgang ten Hagen, Roger Vila

“…We show that the genus <i>Iolana</i> originated about 10 mya in Central Asia and gradually expanded to the west to reach Europe about 5 mya. …”
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