Genetic diversity, phylogeography and molecular clock of the Lutzomyia longipalpis complex (Diptera: Psychodidae). by Angélica Pech-May, Janine M Ramsey, Raúl E González Ittig, Magali Giuliani, Pablo Berrozpe, María G Quintana, Oscar D Salomón

“…The divergence of the Lu. longipalpis complex from its most recent common ancestor (MRCA) was estimated to have occurred 0.70 MYA (95% HPD interval = 0.48-0.99 MYA).This study provides new evidence supporting two Lu. longipalpis genetic clusters and three of the total eight haplogroups circulating in Argentina. …”
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Chromosome-level genome provides insight into the evolution and conservation of the threatened goral (Naemorhedus goral) by Nan Sun, Xiao-Ying Ma, Guang-Hong Shi, Xiao-Hong Yang, Wei Li, Chen-Guang Feng, Da Mi, Guo-Gang Li, Ji-Qi Lu

“…The Ne of goral continued to decrease since ~ 1 Mya during the Pleistocene with active glaciations. …”
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Sequential Paleotetraploidization shaped the carrot genome by Jinpeng Wang, Jigao Yu, Yuxian Li, Chendan Wei, He Guo, Ying Liu, Jin Zhang, Xiuqing Li, Xiyin Wang

“…In particular, we found strong evidence of two sequential tetraploidization events, with one (Dc-α) approximately 46–52 million years ago (Mya) and the other (Dc-β) approximately 77–87 Mya, both likely allotetraploidization in nature. …”
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The origin and evolution of a two-component system of paralogous genes encoding the centromeric histone CENH3 in cereals by Evgeny A. Elisafenko, Elena V. Evtushenko, Alexander V. Vershinin

“…The βCENH3 gene as a part of the locus appeared in the tribes Stipeae and Brachypodieae around 35–40 Mya. The duplication was accompanied by changes in the exon-intron structure. …”
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Revisiting the Evolutionary History of Pigs via De Novo Mutation Rate Estimation in A Three-generation Pedigree by Mingpeng Zhang, Qiang Yang, Huashui Ai, Lusheng Huang

“…Our estimates suggest that Sus speciation occurred ∼ 1.36 million years ago (MYA); European wild pigs split from Asian wild pigs only ∼ 219 KYA; and south and north Chinese wild pigs split ∼ 25 KYA. …”
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Bioregion heterogeneity correlates with extensive mitochondrial DNA diversity in the Namaqua rock mouse, <it>Micaelamys namaquensis </it>(Rodentia: Muridae) from southern Africa -... by Russo Isa-Rita M, Chimimba Christian T, Bloomer Paulette

“…The time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) dates to the Pliocene (~5 Mya) whereas coalescent-based divergence time estimates between lineages vary between 813 Kya [0.22 - 1.36] and 4.06 Mya [1.21 - 4.47]. …”
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Integrative methods reveal multiple drivers of diversification in rice paddy snakes by Justin M. Bernstein, Harold K. Voris, Bryan L. Stuart, Daryl R. Karns, Jimmy A. McGuire, Djoko T. Iskandar, Awal Riyanto, Camilo A. Calderón-Acevedo, Rafe M. Brown, Marcelo Gehara, J. Angel Soto-Centeno, Sara Ruane

“…We use coalescent modeling to test the hypothesis that Hypsiscopus diversified 2.5 mya during the Khorat Plateau uplift in Thailand. …”
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Molecular Basis of Antigenic Drift in Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses (2013–2018) from Southeast Asia by Sasmita Upadhyaya, Mana Mahapatra, Valerie Mioulet, Satya Parida

“…In this study, a total of 62 serotype O (2013–2018) viruses selected from SEA and EA countries were antigenically characterized by virus neutralization tests using three existing (O/HKN/6/83, O/IND/R2/75 and O/PanAsia-2) and one putative (O/MYA/2009) vaccine strains and full capsid sequencing. …”
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Speciation with gene flow between two Neotropical sympatric species (Pitcairnia spp.: Bromeliaceae) by Marília Manuppella Tavares, Milene Ferro, Bárbara Simões Santos Leal, Clarisse Palma‐Silva

“…Our divergence date estimates showed that these two species diverged during the Pliocene (4.7 Mya; CI = 1.3–8.5 Mya), which has likely allowed this species to accumulate genome‐wide differences. …”
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Dig up tall fescue plastid genomes for the identification of morphotype-specific DNA variants by Md. Shofiqul Islam, Konstantin Chekhovskiy, Malay C. Saha

“…Divergence time estimation revealed that Mediterranean tall fescue evolved approximately 7.09 Mya, whereas the divergence between Continental- and Rhizomatous tall fescue occurred about 0.6 Mya. …”
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Giant panda genomic data provide insight into the birth-and-death process of mammalian major histocompatibility complex class II genes. by Qiu-Hong Wan, Chang-Jun Zeng, Xiao-Wei Ni, Hui-Juan Pan, Sheng-Guo Fang

“…The phylogenetic trees constructed using all expressed alpha and beta genes from marsupials and placental mammals showed that: (1) because marsupials carry loci corresponding to DR, DP, DO and DM genes, those subregions most likely developed before the divergence of marsupials and placental mammals, approximately 150 million years ago (MYA); (2) conversely, the DQ and DY regions must have evolved later, but before the radiation of placental mammals (100 MYA). …”
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Computer vision supports primary access to meat by early Homo 1.84 million years ago by Lucía Cobo-Sánchez, Marcos Pizarro-Monzo, Gabriel Cifuentes-Alcobendas, Blanca Jiménez García, Natalia Abellán Beltrán, Lloyd A. Courtenay, Audax Mabulla, Enrique Baquedano, Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo

“…While it is known that meat became an important part of the hominin diet around 2.6–2 Mya, whether intense cooperation and food sharing developed in conjunction with the regular intake of meat remains unresolved. …”
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Evolution of a guarded decoy protease and its receptor in solanaceous plants by Jiorgos Kourelis, Shivani Malik, Oliver Mattinson, Sonja Krauter, Parvinderdeep S. Kahlon, Judith K. Paulus, Renier A. L. van der Hoorn

“…Here we show that Rcr3 evolved > 50 million years ago (Mya), whereas Cf-2 evolved <6Mya by co-opting the pre-existing Rcr3 in the Solanum genus. …”
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Phylogenomics and Biogeography of the Mammilloid Clade Revealed an Intricate Evolutionary History Arose in the Mexican Plateau by Delil A. Chincoya, Salvador Arias, Felipe Vaca-Paniagua, Patricia Dávila, Sofía Solórzano

“…The ancestor of these genera arose ~7 Mya on the Mexican Plateau, from which nine evolutionary lineages evolved. …”
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Des oueds mythiques aux rivières artificielles : l'hydrographie du Bas-Sahara algérien by Jean-Louis Ballais

“…They show that mythical wadis such as wadi Igharghar from south of the Grand Erg Oriental, wadi Mya close to Ouargla and wadi Rhir do not exist. …”
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Genomic and phylogenetic evidence of VIPER retrotransposon domestication in trypanosomatids by Adriana Ludwig, Marco Aurelio Krieger

“…We hypothesise that the domestication event occurred more than 50 mya and the conservation of this gene suggests it might perform some function in the host species.…”
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Extreme Glacial Legacies: A Synthesis of the Antarctic Springtail Phylogeographic Record by Antonio Carapelli, Angela McGaughran, Ian D. Hogg, Mark I. Stevens

“…We describe consistent patterns of high genetic diversity and structure among populations which have persisted in glacial refugia across Antarctica over both short (10 Mya) timescales. Despite a general concordance of results among species, we explain why location is important in determining population genetic patterns within bioregions. …”
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Chauvireria bulgarica sp. n. — an extinct Early Pleistocene small phasianid of Phasianinae Horsfield, 1821 from Bulgaria by Zlatozar Boev

“…The species probably inhabited rocky, open shrubby and dry habitats in the middle Villafranchian (Villanyian; first half of MNQ 18 a; 2.1–1.95 Mya) in western Bulgaria.…”
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'The missing genes: what happened to the heritability of psychiatric disorders?'. by Crow, T

“…The recently described PRDM9 gene imposes epigenetic stability on the XY body in male meiosis including Sapiens-specific variation relating to a gene pair (Protocadherin11XY) created by X to Y duplication at 6MYA. Thus sexually dimorphic variation that distinguishes the species may be transmitted between generations in epigenetic form that evades detection by linkage and association.…”

Structural and functional divergence of the Mpc1 genes in wheat and barley by Ksenia V. Strygina, Elena K. Khlestkina

“…The calculation of the divergence time revealed that first duplication between 4 and 7 chromosomes of the common ancestor of the Triticeae tribe occurred about 35–46 million years ago (MYA); the last duplication arised about 16–19 MYA before the divergence Triticum and Hordeum genera The connection between gene expression and the appearance of anthocyanin pigmentation was found for three genes from homoeologous group 4 chromosomes: TaMpc1-A2 (5AL) in wheat coleoptile, HvMpc1-H2 (4HL) in barley lemma and aleurone layer, and HvMpc1-H3 (4HL) in barley aleurone layer. …”
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