Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of <i>Pinna nobilis</i>: New Genetic Signals from the Past of a Species on the Brink of Extinction by Daria Sanna, Ilenia Azzena, Chiara Locci, Pavel Ankon, Petar Kružić, Chiara Manfrin, Alberto Pallavicini, Saul Ciriaco, Marco Segarich, Edoardo Batistini, Fabio Scarpa, Marco Casu

“…The analysis performed evidenced that <i>P. nobilis</i> diverged about 2.5 mya, after the entrance of its ancestor into the Mediterranean Sea following the Zanclean flood (5.33 mya). …”
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Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly Provides New Insights into Genome Evolution and Tuberous Root Formation of <i>Potentilla anserina</i> by Xiaolong Gan, Shiming Li, Yuan Zong, Dong Cao, Yun Li, Ruijuan Liu, Shu Cheng, Baolong Liu, Huaigang Zhang

“…<i>P. anserina</i> diverged from <i>Potentilla micrantha</i> ∼28.52 million years ago (Mya). Furthermore, <i>P. anserina</i> underwent a recent tetraploidization ∼6.4 Mya. …”
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Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Mischonyx Bertkau, 1880, with taxonomic changes and three new species description (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) by Caio Gueratto, Alípio Benedetti, Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha

“…We estimate that Mischonyx clade diverged 50.53 Mya, and inside the genus there are two major clades. …”
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Comparative Analysis of Chloroplast Genomes of Seven Chaetoceros Species Revealed Variation Hotspots and Speciation Time by Qing Xu, Qing Xu, Qing Xu, Qing Xu, Zongmei Cui, Zongmei Cui, Zongmei Cui, Zongmei Cui, Nansheng Chen, Nansheng Chen, Nansheng Chen, Nansheng Chen

“…Divergence time estimation revealed that the common ancestor of Chaetoceros species, which formed a monophyletic clade at approximately 58 million years ago (Mya), split from Acanthoceras zachariasii at about 70 Mya. …”
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Genetic Diversity and Population Differentiation of Naked Carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) Revealed by Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I and D-Loop by Di-an Fang, Di-an Fang, Hui Luo, Miao He, Chengcheng Mao, Zhen Kuang, Hongfang Qi, Dongpo Xu, Dongpo Xu, Longfei Tan, Yuandong Li

“…The mismatch between the distribution and neutrality tests supported the evidence of population expansion, which occurred during the late middle Pleistocene [COI: 0.36–0.108 MYA (Million Years Ago); D-loop: 0.497–0.165 MYA]. …”
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Shedding light on the Ophel biome: the trans-Tethyan phylogeography of the sulfide shrimp Tethysbaena (Peracarida: Thermosbaenacea) in the Levant by Tamar Guy-Haim, Oren Kolodny, Amos Frumkin, Yair Achituv, Ximena Velasquez, Arseniy R. Morov

“…The mean age of the node linking T. relicta from the Dead Sea-Jordan Rift Valley and Tethysbaena from Oman was 20.13 MYA. The mean estimate for the divergence of T. ophelicola from the Mediterranean Tethysbaena clade dated to 9.46 MYA. …”
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A new species of cascade frog (Anura: Ranidae: Amolops) from central Yunnan, China by Shangjing Tang, Tao Sun, Shuo Liu, Sangdi Luo, Guohua Yu, Lina Du

“…The cladogenesis events within the A. mantzorum group rapidly occurred from Pliocene 4.23 Mya to Pleistocene 1.2 Mya, coinciding with the recent intensive uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau since the Pliocene. …”
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Comparative genomic analysis of pleurotus species reveals insights into the evolution and coniferous utilization of Pleurotus placentodes by Lei Sun, Lei Sun, Xiaolei Yin, Xiaolei Yin, Frederick Leo Sossah, Frederick Leo Sossah, Xuerong Han, Xuerong Han, Yu Li, Yu Li

“…Evolution analysis showed PPL was closely related to P. ostreatus with the divergence time of 62.7 MYA, while PCY was distantly related to other Pleurotus species with the divergence time of 111.7 MYA. …”
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Evolutionary Timeline and Genomic Plasticity Underlying the Lifestyle Diversity in <italic toggle="yes">Rhizobiales</italic> by Sishuo Wang, Andrew Meade, Hon-Ming Lam, Haiwei Luo

“…In particular, the first nodulating lineage arose from either Azorhizobium or Bradyrhizobium 150 to 80 Mya, a time range in general concurrent with the emergence of legumes. …”
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Insights into the Molecular Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia in Terms of O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e Sublineage Expansion by Viktor Nikiforov, Alexey Shcherbakov, Ilya Chvala, Svetlana Kremenchugskaya, Fedor Korennoy, Tamara Mayorova, Anna Timina, Samat Tyulegenov, Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov, Maksat Berdikulov, Tserenchimed Sainnokhoi, Delgerzul Gombo-Ochir, Tsagaan Tserenchimed, Larisa Prokhvatilova, Alexander Sprygin

“…The current vaccination should change from such vaccine strains as O₁ Manisa (ME–SA), O no 2102/Zabaikalsky/2010 (O/ME-SA/Mya-98) (r₁ = 0.05–0.28) to strains that most closely antigenically match the dominant lineage O No. 2212/Primorsky/2014 (O O/ME-SA//Mya-98) and O No. 2311/Zabaikalsky/2016 (O ME-SA/Ind-2001) (r₁ = 0.66–1.0).…”
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Historical development of karst evergreen broadleaved forests in East Asia has shaped the evolution of a hemiparasitic genus Brandisia (Orobanchaceae) by Zhe Chen, Zhuo Zhou, Ze-Min Guo, Truong Van Do, Hang Sun, Yang Niu

“…Brandisia was inferred to have originated in the early Oligocene (32.69 Mya) in the Eastern Himalayas–SW China, followed by diversification in the early Miocene (19.45 Mya) in karst EBLFs. …”
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The genome of Stephania japonica provides insights into the biosynthesis of cepharanthine by Zhuo Liu, Shaoqin Shen, Yujie Wang, Shuqi Sun, Tong Yu, Yanhong Fu, Rong Zhou, Chunjin Li, Rui Cao, Yanshu Zhang, Nan Li, Liangdan Sun, Xiaoming Song

“…It is closely related to two Ranunculaceae species, which diverged from their common ancestor 55.90–71.02 million years ago (Mya) with a whole-genome duplication 85.59–96.75 Mya. …”
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Genome-Wide Screening of Transposable Elements in the Whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Revealed Insertions with Potential Insecticide Resistance Implicatio... by Marwa Zidi, Khouloud Klai, Johann Confais, Benoît Chénais, Aurore Caruso, Françoise Denis, Maha Mezghani Khemakhem, Nathalie Casse

“…The TE age estimation revealed that the oldest TEs invasion happened 14 million years ago (MYA) and the most recent occurred 0.2 MYA with the insertion of Class II TE elements. …”
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Allopatric Lineage Divergence of the East Asian Endemic Herb <i>Conandron ramondioides</i> Inferred from Low-Copy Nuclear and Plastid Markers by Kuan-Ting Hsin, Hao-Chih Kuo, Goro Kokubugata, Michael Möller, Chun-Neng Wang, Yi-Sheng Cheng

“…Lineage divergence between the Japan clade and the Taiwan–Iriomote and Southeast China clades occured 1.14 MYA (95% HPD: 0.82–3.86), followed by divergence between the Taiwan–Iriomote and Southeast China clades approximately 0.75 MYA (95% HPD: 0.45–1.3). …”
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Variations in the Mitochondrial Genome of a Goldfish-Like Hybrid [Koi Carp (♀) × Blunt Snout Bream (♂)] Indicate Paternal Leakage by Yude Wang, Wenzhen Sun, Qianhong Gu, Jiajun Yao, Huifang Tan, Xu Huang, Qinbo Qin, Min Tao, Chun Zhang, Shaojun Liu

“…The molecular dating time shows that the divergence time of KOC and GF was about 21.26 Mya [95% highest posterior density (HPD): 24.41–16.67 Mya], which fell within the period of recent. …”
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Evolution of the Araliaceae family inferred from complete chloroplast genomes and 45S nrDNAs of 10 Panax-related species by Kyunghee Kim, Van Binh Nguyen, Jingzhou Dong, Ying Wang, Jee Young Park, Sang-Choon Lee, Tae-Jin Yang

“…Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ten species could be resolved into two monophyletic lineages, the Panax-Aralia and the Eleutherococcus-Dendropanax groups, which diverged approximately 8.81–10.59 million years ago (MYA). The Panax genus divided into two groups, with diploid species including P. notoginseng, P. vietnamensis, and P. japonicus surviving in Southern Asia and a tetraploid group including P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius Northern Asia and North America 2.89–3.20 MYA.…”
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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of SBP-box gene family reveal their involvement in hormone response and abiotic stresses in Chrysanthemum nankingense by Ziwei Li, Yujia Yang, Bin Chen, Bin Xia, Hongyao Li, Yunwei Zhou, Miao He

“…The gene evolution analysis indicated the CnSBP genes experienced a duplication event about 10 million years ago (Mya), and the CnSBP and AtSPL genes occurred a divergence at 24 Mya. …”
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Evidence for the Extensive Conservation of Mechanisms of Ovule Integument Development Since the Most Recent Common Ancestor of Living Angiosperms by Gontran Arnault, Aurélie C. M. Vialette, Amélie Andres-Robin, Bruno Fogliani, Gildas Gâteblé, Charles P. Scutt

“…The ovules and seeds of most angiosperm groups are enclosed by two integuments, whose evolutionary origins are considerably separated in time, as the inner integument arose over 300 million years ago (MYA) in an ancestor of all living seed plants, while the outer integument arose, perhaps as recently as 164 MYA, in an ancestor of all living angiosperms. …”
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Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Population Genomic Analyses Reveal Geographic Variation and Population Genetic Structure of <i>Prunus tenella</i> by Yue Qin, Han Zhao, Hongwei Han, Gaopu Zhu, Zhaoshan Wang, Fangdong Li

“…By phylogenomic genome comparison, we found that <i>P. tenella</i> is an ancient group that diverged approximately 13.4 million years ago (mya) from 13 additional closely related species and about 6.5 Mya from the cultivated almond. …”
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Pliocene Origin, Ice Ages and Postglacial Population Expansion Have Influenced a Panmictic Phylogeography of the European Bee-Eater Merops apiaster by Carina Carneiro de Melo Moura, Hans-Valentin Bastian, Anita Bastian, Erjia Wang, Xiaojuan Wang, Michael Wink

“…Speciation of Merops apiaster started during the Pliocene around three million years ago (Mya), with the establishment of haplotype lineages dated to the Middle Pleistocene period circa 0.7 Mya. …”
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