The Complete Chloroplast Genome of Two Important Annual Clover Species, <i>Trifolium alexandrinum</i> and <i>T. resupinatum</i>: Genome Structure, Comparative Analyses and Phylogen... by Yanli Xiong, Yi Xiong, Jun He, Qingqing Yu, Junming Zhao, Xiong Lei, Zhixiao Dong, Jian Yang, Yan Peng, Xinquan Zhang, Xiao Ma

“…In addition, the divergence time of those IR lacking <i>Trifolium</i> species ranged from 84.8505 Mya to 4.7720 Mya. This study will provide insight into the evolution of <i>Trifolium</i> species.…”
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Integrating phylogeographic patterns of microsatellite and mtDNA divergence to infer the evolutionary history of chamois (genus <it>Rupicapra</it>) by Albornoz Jesús, Hammer Sabine E, Pérez Trinidad, Rodríguez Fernando, Domínguez Ana

“…Our divergence age estimates indicate an initial separation into branches mtW-mtC and mtE 1.7 million years ago (mya), in the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene, quickly followed by the split of clades mtW and mtC. …”
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The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of One Breeding Strain of Asian Swamp Eel (<i>Monopterus albus</i>, Zuiew 1793) Using PacBio and Illumina Sequencing Technologies and Phylogenetic... by Haifeng Tian, Qiaomu Hu, Hongyi Lu, Zhong Li

“…The divergence time analyses showed that all Asian swamp eels diverged about 0.49 million years ago (MYA) and their common ancestor split from other species about 45.96 MYA in the middle of the Miocene epoch. …”
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A new macrolepidopteran moth (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in Miocene Dominican amber by Weiting Zhang, ChungKun Shih, YuHong Shih, Dong Ren

“…A new genus and species of fossil moth, Miogeometrida chunjenshihi Zhang, Shih &amp;amp; Shih, gen. et sp. nov., assigned to Geometridae, is described from Miocene Dominican amber dating from 15–20 Mya. The new genus is characterized by the forewing without a fovea, R1 not anastomosing with Sc, no areole formed by veins R1 and Rs, R1 and Rs1 completely coincident, M2 arising midway between M1 and M3, anal veins 1A and 2A fused for their entire lengths; and the hind wing with Rs running close to Sc + R1 and M2 absent.…”
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From the VKhUTEMAS’ Propaedeutics to Prolegomena of the Value of the Experimental House in the Novinskiy Boulevard in Moscow (1927-1930) by Yuri Volchok

“…The article based on archive documents and the long experience of knowledge about the every-day life of the house in the Novinskiy Boulevard in Moscow covers its arrangement and analyzes the contents of the experimental dialogue between functional architectural and constructive technological aspects of shaping implementing the concept of "the new method of architectural thinking" published by M.Ya. Ginzburg in SA Journal in 1926.…”
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The Evolution of Human Social Behavior by Bjørn Grinde

“…In our lineage, the origins of parent–child bonding may be traced back to the early amniotes some 320 Mya (million years ago). Pair-bonding and social life most likely evolved recently. …”
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Phylogeography of the Plateau Pika (<i>Ochotona curzoniae</i>) in Response to the Uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by Yinglian Qi, Xiaoyan Pu, Zhilian Li, Daoguang Song, Zhi Chen

“…The results showed that: (1) The genetic diversity of the plateau pika was high in the Tibetan Plateau (<i>H_d</i> = 0.9997, π = 0.01205), and the plateau pika evolved into five lineages that occupied different geographical areas, with lineage 1 (Group 1) in the south of the Yarlung Zangbo River, lineage 2 (Group 2) in the hinterland of the plateau, lineage 3 (Group 3) in the northeastern part of the plateau, lineage 4 (Group 4) in the Hengduan Mountains, and lineage 5 (Group 5) in the eastern part of the plateau. (2) The gene flow among the five lineages was low, and the differentiation level was high (<i>N_m</i> < 0.25; <i>Fst</i> > 0.25), indicating that the geographical barriers between the five lineages, such as the Yarlung Zangbo River, the Qaidam-Ghuong-Guide Basin, and the Lancang River, effectively promoted the population differentiation of the plateau pika. (3) The plateau pika first spread from the Hengduan Mountains to the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and then conducted small-scale migration and dispersal in several refuges across the plateau in response to climate changes during the glacial and interglacial periods. (4) Except for Group 1 and Group 4, all the other populations exhibited a rapid expansion between 0.06 and 0.01 Mya, but the expansion was considerably delayed or halted by the effects of climate change during the last glacial maximum (0.02 Mya). …”
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Extensive loss of cell-cycle and DNA repair genes in an ancient lineage of bipolar budding yeasts. by Jacob L Steenwyk, Dana A Opulente, Jacek Kominek, Xing-Xing Shen, Xiaofan Zhou, Abigail L Labella, Noah P Bradley, Brandt F Eichman, Neža Čadež, Diego Libkind, Jeremy DeVirgilio, Amanda Beth Hulfachor, Cletus P Kurtzman, Chris Todd Hittinger, Antonis Rokas

“…Our phylogenomic analyses identify two Hanseniaspora lineages, a faster-evolving lineage (FEL), which began diversifying approximately 87 million years ago (mya), and a slower-evolving lineage (SEL), which began diversifying approximately 54 mya. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome analyses confirm that bat Polychromophilus and ungulate Plasmodium constitute a distinct clade independent of other Plasmodium species by Juthathip Poofery, Thongchai Ngamprasertwong, Duriyang Narapakdeesakul, Apinya Arnuphapprasert, Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni, Suchansa Thanee, Masahito Asada, Osamu Kaneko, Morakot Kaewthamasorn

“…The divergence between Polychromophilus in bats and Plasmodium in ungulates occurred approximately 29.61 to 55.77 million years ago (Mya), with a node age estimated at 40.63 Mya. These findings highlight that the genus Plasmodium, which includes species found in ungulates, birds, reptiles, and other mammals, does not form a monophyletic group. …”
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Phylogeny and Pathology of Anisakids Parasitizing Stranded California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) in Southern California by Jerko Hrabar, Hrvoje Smodlaka, Somayeh Rasouli-Dogaheh, Mirela Petrić, Željka Trumbić, Lauren Palmer, Kristen Sakamaki, Tina Pavelin, Ivona Mladineo, Ivona Mladineo

“…Our analysis of divergence revealed Contracaecum separated from other lineages in the Jurassic period at the 176.2 Mya and Anisakis diverging from Pseudoterranova in Cenozoic period at 85.9 Mya.…”
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Chromosome‐level genome assembly of Indian mangrove (Ceriops tagal) revealed a genome‐wide duplication event predating the divergence of Rhizophoraceae mangrove species by Wirulda Pootakham, Chaiwat Naktang, Chutima Sonthirod, Wasitthee Kongkachana, Nattapol Narong, Duangjai Sangsrakru, Chatree Maknual, Darunee Jiumjamrassil, Pranom Chumriang, Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang

“…Ding Hou] and C. zippeliana Blume ∼10.4 million yr ago (MYA), and the last common ancestor of genera Ceriops, Kandelia, and Rhizophora diverged from that of genus Bruguiera ∼49.4 MYA. …”
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The Phytogeographic History of Common Walnut in China by Xiaojia Feng, Huijuan Zhou, Saman Zulfiqar, Xiang Luo, Yiheng Hu, Li Feng, Maria E. Malvolti, Keith Woeste, Peng Zhao

“…Two lineages (subpopulation A and subpopulation B+C) diverged about 2.79 Mya, while Southwestern China, and Qinling and Baishan Mountains lineages diverged during the Quaternary glaciations (about 1.13 Mya). …”
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The Genetic Diversity and the Divergence Time in Extant Primitive Mayfly, <i>Siphluriscus chinensis</i> Ulmer, 1920 Using the Mitochondrial Genome by Yao Tong, Chen-Yang Shen, Yu-Yang Zhao, Yi-Jie Lin, Lian Wu, Kenneth B. Storey, Dan-Na Yu, Jia-Yong Zhang

“…The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of four species within Siphluriscidae began to diversify during the Neogene [11.80 million years ago (Mya); 95% highest posterior densities (HPD) = 6.17–19.28 Mya], and <i>S. chinensis</i> NTS was first to diverge from the branches of <i>S. chinensis</i> LGS. …”
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Construction and Analysis of the Complete Genome Sequence of Leprosy Agent Mycobacterium lepromatosis by Francisco J. Silva, Diego Santos-Garcia, Xiaofeng Zheng, Li Zhang, Xiang Y. Han

“…In phylogeny, the leprosy bacilli started from a most recent common ancestor (MRCA) that diverged ~30 million years ago (Mya) from environmental organism Mycobacterium haemophilum. …”
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The genome of Magnolia hypoleuca provides a new insight into cold tolerance and the evolutionary position of magnoliids by Luojing Zhou, Feixia Hou, Li Wang, Lingyu Zhang, Yalan Wang, Yanpeng Yin, Jin Pei, Cheng Peng, Xiaobo Qin, Xiaobo Qin, Jihai Gao

“…In addition, the relative timing of the whole-genome duplication (WGD) events about 115.32 Mya for magnoliid plants. M. hypoleuca was found to have a common ancestor with M. officinalis approximately 23.4 MYA, and the climate change of OMT (Oligocene-Miocene transition) is the main reason for the divergence of M. hypoleuca and M. officinalis, which was along with the division of Japanese islands. …”
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Phylogeography and Ecological Niche Modeling of the Alashan Pit Viper (<i>Gloydius cognatus</i>; Reptilia, Viperidae) in Northwest China and Adjacent Areas by Rui Xu, Tatjana N. Dujsebayeva, Dali Chen, Byambasuren Mijidsuren, Feng Xu, Xianguang Guo

“…Subsequently, the early Pleistocene integration of the Yellow River and associated deserts expansion promoted the differentiation of S1 and S2 lineages (~0.9 Mya). Both mitochondrial evidence and ecological niche modeling (ENM) reject the signature of demographic and range contractions during the LGM for <i>G</i>. …”
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African Arowana Genome Provides Insights on Ancient Teleost Evolution by Shijie Hao, Kai Han, Lingfeng Meng, Xiaoyun Huang, Wei Cao, Chengcheng Shi, Mengqi Zhang, Yilin Wang, Qun Liu, Yaolei Zhang, Haixi Sun, Inge Seim, Xun Xu, Xin Liu, Guangyi Fan

“…Together with the genomes of pirarucu and Asian arowana, we found that they diverged at ∼106.1 million years ago (MYA) and ∼59.2 MYA, respectively, which are coincident with continental separation. …”
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Genomic analyses reveal evolutionary and geologic context for the plateau fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis by Jie Liu, Linong Guo, Zongwei Li, Zhe Zhou, Zhen Li, Qian Li, Xiaochen Bo, Shengqi Wang, Junli Wang, Shuangcheng Ma, Jian Zheng, Ying Yang

“…Evolutionary analyses indicated that O. sinensis diverged from other fungi 65.9 Mya in the Upper Cretaceous, during the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. …”
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The uplift of the Hengduan Mountains contributed to the speciation of three Rhododendron species by Kailai Wang, Xiao-Hui Zhou, Detuan Liu, Youzhi Li, Zhi Yao, Wei-Ming He, Yongbo Liu

“…Three Rhododendron species diverged between 15.5 Mya and 3.13 Mya, which might be associated with the uplift of the HDM. …”
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Evolutionary insights on critically endangered Kashmir red deer or hangul (Cervus hanglu hanglu) through a mitogenomic lens by Khursheed Ahmad, Ankit Shankar Pacha, Rashid Yahya Naqash, Sathish Kumar Peddamma, Srinivas Yellapu, Shenu Hudson, Dushyant Singh Baghel, Parag Nigam, Samrat Mondol

“…Divergence time analyses suggested that the Tarim deer species group separated ~1.55 Mya from their common ancestors and Hangul diverged ~0.75 Mya from closely related C. yarkandensis, corroborating with the known paleobiogeographic events related to refugia during glaciations in the Pleistocene era. …”
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