Genomic adaptations to chemosymbiosis in the deep-sea seep-dwelling tubeworm Lamellibrachia luymesi by Yuanning Li, Michael G. Tassia, Damien S. Waits, Viktoria E. Bogantes, Kyle T. David, Kenneth M. Halanych

“…Last, molecular clock analyses based on phylogenomic data suggest modern siboglinid diversity originated in 267 mya (± 70 my) support previous hypotheses indicating a Late Mesozoic or Cenozoic origins of approximately 50–126 mya for vestimentiferans. …”
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Chromosome-level assembly of triploid genome of Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum) by Lizhi Song, Yue Huang, Hao Zuo, Ning Tang, Zhengguo Li, Wenbiao Jiao, Feng Xu, Qiang Xu, Zexiong Chen

“…We identified a Zanthoxylum-specific whole genome duplication event emerging about 24.8 million years ago (Mya). We also detected a transposition burst event (0.3–0.4 Mya) responsible for the large genome size of Z. armatum. …”
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Mining sequence variations in representative polyploid sugarcane germplasm accessions by Xiping Yang, Jian Song, Qian You, Dev R. Paudel, Jisen Zhang, Jianping Wang

“…The results showed that the divergence time between the Erianthus genus and the Saccharum genus was more than 10 million years ago (MYA). The Saccharum species separated from their common ancestors ranging from 0.19 to 1.65 MYA. …”
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Ancient geographical barriers drive differentiation among Sonneratia caseolaris populations and recent divergence from S. lanceolata by Yuchen Yang, Norman C. Duke, Fangfang Peng, Jianfang Li, Shuhuan Yang, Cairong Zhong, Renchao Zhou, Suhua Shi

“…Moreover, multi-locus sequence analysis indicated that S. lanceolata was most closely related to the Indian Ocean populations of S. caseolaris and the divergence time between them was 2.057 MYA, coinciding with the onset of the Pleistocene glaciation. …”
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Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Endangered Species in the Genus <i>Opisthopappus</i> C. Shih: Characterization, Species Identification, and Phylogenetic Relationships by Xinke Zhang, Guoshuai Zhang, Yuan Jiang, Linfang Huang

“…</i> The molecular clock showed that two species diverge over a large time span, <i>O. longilobus</i> diverged at 15.24 Mya (Million years ago), whereas <i>O. taihangensis</i> diverged at 5.40 Mya We found that <i>Opisthopappus</i> and <i>Ajania</i> are closely related, which provides new ideas for the development of <i>Opisthopappus.…”
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Tracing the colonization history of the Indian Ocean scops-owls (Strigiformes: <it>Otus</it>) with further insight into the spatio-temporal origin of the Malagasy avifauna by Currie David, Bowie Rauri CK, Melo Martim, Bretagnolle Vincent, Goodman Steven M, Pons Jean-Marc, Fuchs Jérôme, Safford Roger, Virani Munir Z, Thomsett Simon, Hija Alawi, Cruaud Corinne, Pasquet Eric

“…Our divergence date estimates, using a Bayesian relaxed clock method, suggest that all these events occurred during the last 3.6 myr; albeit colonization of the Indian Ocean islands were not synchronous, <it>O. pembaensis </it>diverged from <it>O. senegalensis </it>about 1.7 mya while species from Madagascar and the Comoro diverged from their continental sister-group about 3.6 mya. …”
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Analytical biogeography of land snails of Mount Kinabalu by Liew, Thor Seng

“…Kinabalu (2000 - 2500 m) were split from the lowland congeners at middle Pleistocene (1 mya) during intrusion of ultrabasic rocks which caused by the second intensive upward movement of Kinabalu batholith. …”
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The Speculative Neuroscience of the Future Human Brain by Robert A. Dielenberg

“…We began with the symmetrical hand axe around 1.7 mya and have progressed, slowly at first, then with greater rapidity, to producing increasingly more complex hybridized products. …”
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THE GENRE PERFORMANCE OF MATERIALS BUSINESS PRESS OF THE MIDDLE OF THE XIX CENTURY: BRIEF DESCRIPTION by I A Surnina

“…Vernadsky, Promyshlenniy Listok (1858-1859) by M.Ya. Kittara, Vestnik Ppomyshlennosti (1858-1861) and “Akcioner” (1860-1863) by F.V. …”
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Mitochondrial genome divergence between beluga whales in Baffin Bay and the Sea of Okhotsk by Mikkel Skovrind, Jose Alfredo Samaniego Castruita, Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen, Love Dalén, Eline Lorenzen

“…Further, we estimate the divergence time between the two mitochondrial genomes to be 0.469 MYA.…”
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Ascospore discharge, germination and culture of fungal partners of tropical lichens, including the use of a novel culture technique by E. Sangvichien, D.L. Hawksworth, A.J.S. Whalley

“…The most successful medium tried was 2 % Malt-Yeast extract agar (MYA), and under static conditions using a liquid culture medium, a sponge proved to be the best of several physical carriers tested; this novel method has considerable potential for experimental work with lichen mycobionts.…”
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A new Mammutidae (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Gansu Province, China by DIMILA MOTHÉ, LEONARDO S. AVILLA, DESI ZHAO, GUANGPU XIE, BOYANG SUN

“…The longirostrine condition and the well-developed lower incisors seem to be primitive for Mammutidae, while the brevirostry is the derived condition, probably emerged during the middle Miocene (12-11 Mya). However, two derived conditions are recognized to the lower tusks: the absence of lower tusks (S. tobieni) and the occasional presence of vestigial lower tusks (Mammut).…”
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Phylogenetic revision of the psammophilic Trogloderus LeConte (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), with biogeographic implications for the Intermountain Region by M. Andrew Johnston

“…The most recent common ancestor of Trogloderus is dated to 5.2 mya and is inferred to have inhabited the Colorado Plateau. …”
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Phylogenetic evidence for the distinction of Saaremaa and Dobrava hantaviruses by Plyusnin Alexander, Vaheri Antti, Sironen Tarja

“…Since collection of the S segment sequences used in this study "obeyed" the molecular clock, calculations of the split of DOBV and SAAV were now repeated resulting in an estimation of 3.0–3.7 MYA that is very close to the values obtained earlier.…”
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A theory of the origin of cerebral asymmetry: epigenetic variation superimposed on a fixed right-shift. by Crow, T

“…The right-shift factor arose late (150 to 200 thousand years ago [KYA]) in hominid evolution as a mutation in the X copy of a gene pair (Protocadherin 11XY) in a region of homology between the X and Y chromosomes created by a duplication 6MYA at the chimpanzee hominid separation. The epigenetic imprint originates in the process now known as "meiotic suppression of unpaired chromosomes" (MSUC); it reflects random pairing of partly homologous X and Y chromosome regions in male meiosis, and confers species-specific diversity of cerebral structure on the human population.…”

Phylogenomics reveals the history of host use in mosquitoes by John Soghigian, Charles Sither, Silvia Andrade Justi, Gen Morinaga, Brian K. Cassel, Christopher J. Vitek, Todd Livdahl, Siyang Xia, Andrea Gloria-Soria, Jeffrey R. Powell, Thomas Zavortink, Christopher M. Hardy, Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena, Lawrence E. Reeves, Richard C. Wilkerson, Robert R. Dunn, David K. Yeates, Maria Anice Sallum, Brian D. Byrd, Michelle D. Trautwein, Yvonne-Marie Linton, Michael H. Reiskind, Brian M. Wiegmann

“…Our analyses support an origin of mosquitoes in the early Triassic (217 MYA [highest posterior density region: 188–250 MYA]), considerably older than previous estimates. …”
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Advancing understanding of Ficus carica: a comprehensive genomic analysis reveals evolutionary patterns and metabolic pathway insights by Yuting Bao, Miaohua He, Chenji Zhang, Chenji Zhang, Sirong Jiang, Long Zhao, Long Zhao, Zhengwen Ye, Qian Sun, Qian Sun, Zhiqiang Xia, Meiling Zou

“…Based on the high-quality genome, we discovered that F. carica diverged from Ficus microcarpa ~34 MYA, and a WGD event took place about 2─3 MYA. Throughout the evolutionary history of F. carica, chromosomes 2, 8, and 10 had experienced chromosome recombination, while chromosome 3 saw a fusion and fission. …”
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Genomic Analyses Provide Insights Into the Evolutionary History and Genetic Diversity of Auricularia Species by Yueting Dai, Xiao Li, Bing Song, Lei Sun, Chentao Yang, Xin Zhang, Yanfeng Wang, Zhiwu Zhang, Yongping Fu, Yu Li, Yu Li

“…Phylogenomic analysis revealed that the estimated divergence time between A. heimuer and other Auricularia is ∼79.1 million years ago (Mya), while the divergence between A. cornea and A. subglabra occurred in ∼54.8 Mya. …”
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The Hemiparasitic Plant Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae) Is Polyphyletic and Contains Cryptic Species in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China by Wen-Bin Yu, Wen-Bin Yu, Christopher P. Randle, Lu Lu, Hong Wang, Jun-Bo Yang, Claude W. dePamphilis, Richard T. Corlett, De-Zhu Li

“…Estimated divergence ages of the Ph. tenuisectum complex corresponding to the last two uplifts of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau at around 8.0–7.0 Mya and 3.6–1.5 Mya indicated that the development of a hot-dry valley climate during these uplifts may have driven species diversification in the Ph. tenuisectum complex.…”
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Paleopolyploidies and Genomic Fractionation in Major Eudicot Clades by Jia Teng, Jianyu Wang, Lan Zhang, Chendan Wei, Shaoqi Shen, Qimeng Xiao, Yuanshuai Yue, Yanan Hao, Weina Ge, Jinpeng Wang, Jinpeng Wang

“…By performing evolutionary rate correction, we dated RCT to be ~118–134 million years ago (Mya), after Ranunculales diverged with core eudicots at ~123–139 Mya. …”
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