Evolutionary analyses of the gasdermin family suggest conserved roles in infection response despite loss of pore-forming functionality by Diego Angosto-Bazarra, Cristina Alarcón-Vila, Laura Hurtado-Navarro, María C. Baños, Jack Rivers-Auty, Pablo Pelegrín

“…We describe that the pore-forming gasdermin A formed ~320 mya as a duplication of gasdermin E prior to the divergence of the Sauropsida clade (the ancestral lineage of reptiles, turtles, and birds) and the Synapsid clade (the ancestral lineage of mammals). …”
Get full text

Divergence and evolution of cotton bHLH proteins from diploid to allotetraploid by Bingliang Liu, Xueying Guan, Wenhua Liang, Jiedan Chen, Lei Fang, Yan Hu, Wangzhen Guo, Junkang Rong, Guohua Xu, Tianzhen Zhang

“…The further Ks analysis indicated that bHLH genes underwent at least two distinct episodes of whole genome duplication: a recent duplication (1.0–60.0 million years ago, MYA, 0.005 < Ks < 0.312) and an old duplication (> 60.0 MYA, 0.312 < Ks < 3.0). …”
Get full text

Chromosome-scale genome assembly of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.): An ornamental plant and feedstock for industrial lutein production by Haibo Xin, Fangfang Ji, Jie Wu, Shiya Zhang, Caijie Yi, Shiwei Zhao, Richen Cong, Liangjun Zhao, Hua Zhang, Zhao Zhang

“…Marigold diverged from the sunflower clade 23.57 million years ago (MYA) and from M. micrantha 19.59 MYA. Marigold has undergone three whole-genome duplication events, as well as a recent whole-genome duplication event (WGD-2) common to H. annuus and M. micrantha. …”
Get full text

Phylogenetic conservation in plant phenological traits varies between temperate and subtropical climates in China by Khurram Shahzad, Mengyao Zhu, Lijuan Cao, Yulong Hao, Yu Zhou, Wei Liu, Junhu Dai, Junhu Dai

“…Based on the findings of molecular dating, it was suggested that the Guiyang species split off from their relatives around 46.0 mya during the middle Eocene of the Tertiary Cenozoic Era, while Xi’an species showed a long evolutionary history and diverged from their relatives around 95 mya during the late Cretaceous Mesozoic Era. …”
Get full text

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of SBP-like transcription factor genes in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) by Feng Pan, Yue Wang, Huanglong Liu, Min Wu, Wenyuan Chu, Danmei Chen, Yan Xiang

“…Our analyses indicate that the PeSPL genes experienced a large-scale duplication event ~15 million years ago (MYA), and that divergence between the PeSPL and OsSPL genes occurred 34 MYA. …”
Get full text

Diversity, Phylogenetic Relationships and Distribution of Marsh Frogs (the <i>Pelophylax ridibundus</i> complex) from Kazakhstan and Northwest China by Daniya Ualiyeva, Oleg A. Ermakov, Spartak N. Litvinchuk, Xianguang Guo, Alexander Yu. Ivanov, Rui Xu, Jun Li, Feng Xu, Irina I. Arifulova, Alyona G. Kaptyonkina, Victor A. Khromov, Vladimir N. Krainyuk, Fakhriddin Sarzhanov, Tatjana N. Dujsebayeva

“…Divergence from the most recent ancestor had occurred in the Early Pleistocene period (2.46 Mya) for the Balkhash and the Syrdarya lineages, and 1.27 Mya for the <i>P.…”
Get full text

Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Eight Diurnal Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): New Insights into the Origin and Evolution of Diurnalism in Sphingids by Yi-Xin Huang, Zhi-Ping Xing, Hao Zhang, Zhen-Bang Xu, Li-Long Tao, Hao-Yuan Hu, Ian J. Kitching, Xu Wang

“…Diurnal behavior in hawkmoths originated 29.19 million years ago (Mya). It may have been influenced by the combination of herbaceous flourishing, which occurred 26–28 Mya, the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, and the large-scale evolution of bats in the Oligocene to Pre-Miocene. …”
Get full text

The chromosome-level genome of double-petal phenotype jasmine provides insights into the biosynthesis of floral scent by Xiangyu Qi, Huadi Wang, Shuyun Liu, Shuangshuang Chen, Jing Feng, Huijie Chen, Ziyi Qin, Quanming Chen, Ikram Blilou, Yanming Deng

“…Our analyses revealed that the JSSB genome has undergone an ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) event at 91.68 million years ago (Mya). It was estimated that J. sambac diverged from the lineage leading to Olea europaea and Osmanthus fragrans about 28.8 Mya. …”
Get full text

Genomic analyses of the scorpion mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) (Linnaeus, 1766) in insular and continental Colombia: Evidence for multiple conservation and taxonomic units by Susana Caballero, Jose Gregorio Martínez, Jose Gregorio Martínez, Monica A. Morales-Betancourt, Nacor Bolaños, Carlos A. Lasso

“…Colonization of this species occurred from an ancestral area on South of Central America region (~ 8.43 MYA), followed by an establishing of current populations on San Andrés Island and then, in the continent. …”
Get full text

Integrative analysis of genome and transcriptome reveal the genetic basis of high temperature tolerance in pleurotus giganteus (Berk. Karun & Hyde) by Yang Yang, Yongru Pian, Jingyi Li, Lin Xu, Zhu Lu, Yueting Dai, Qinfen Li

“…The divergence time between Pleurotus and Lentinus was estimated as 153.9 Mya, and they have a divergence time with Panus at 168.3 Mya, which proved the taxonomic status of P. giganteus at the genome level. …”
Get full text

The draft genome of horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus reveals its evolutionary scenario and well-developed innate immunity by Yan Zhou, Yuan Liang, Qing Yan, Liang Zhang, Dianbao Chen, Lingwei Ruan, Yuan Kong, Hong Shi, Mingliang Chen, Jianming Chen

“…Divergence time dating results show that the last common ancestor of Asian horseshoe crabs (including T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda) and L. polyphemus appeared approximately 130 Mya (121–141), and the split of the two Asian horseshoe crabs was dated to approximately 63 Mya (57–69). …”
Get full text

Whence came these plants most foul? Phylogenomics and biogeography of Lowiaceae (Zingiberales) by Niissalo, Matti A., Gardner, Elliot M., Khew, Gillian S., Šída, Otakar, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Leong-Škornicková, Jana

“…In particular, the relatively early isolation between Indochina and Borneo could be explained by the presence of a sea barrier that developed 10–15 MYA, and the continuous movement of plant species between Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia could be explained by a land bridge that existed until c. 5 MYA. …”
Get full text

Growth evaluation of Lentinula edodes in solid medium cultures for mycelium production as inoculum by Villegas E Valeska, Pérez Ana Milena, Arredondo Clara

“…Mycelium growth was tested in three culture mediums (MYA, OMYA, PDYA) at two pHs (5, 5.5), using two eucalyptus sawdust percentages (0.3%, 0.2%). …”
Get full text

Comparison of the complete genomes of two Echinochloa species: barnyard grass and jungle rice by Jeongran Lee, Jin-Won Kim, In-Yong Lee, Jong Hwa Ahn

“…Phylogenetic analysis revealed that E. colona was diverged between 2.65 and 3.18 million years ago (Mya) from the E. oryzicola and E. crus-galli.…”
Get full text

Evidence of a Vocalic Proto-System in the Baboon (Papio papio) Suggests Pre-Hominin Speech Precursors. by Louis-Jean Boë, Frédéric Berthommier, Thierry Legou, Guillaume Captier, Caralyn Kemp, Thomas R Sawallis, Yannick Becker, Arnaud Rey, Joël Fagot

“…It suggests that spoken languages evolved from ancient articulatory skills already present in our last common ancestor with Cercopithecoidea, about 25 MYA.…”
Get full text

A new gigantic carnivore (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle Miocene of France by Floréal Solé, Jean-François Lesport, Antoine Heitz, Bastien Mennecart

“…A mandible of a new large sized amphicyonid (ca. 200 kg) is here described from the marine deposits of Sallepisse (12.8–12.0 Mya). Despite that this new taxon is close in size to some European amphicyonids from the Miocene (e.g., Amphicyon, Megamphicyon, and Magericyon), the unique morphology of its p4, unknown in this clade, allows the erection of the new genus Tartarocyon cazanavei nov. gen. & sp. …”
Get full text

SELF-EDUCATION OF A DOCTOR AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL SUITABILITY by Dudchenko M. A., Maslova A. S., Dudchenko M. M. Al., Tretiak N. G., Sorokina S. I.

“…They become mediocre specialists, who, according to the phrase of the outstanding clinician M.Ya. Mudrov, are more harmful than helpful. Since humanism refers to the acquired phenomena, the professional suitability of the doctor must be instilled from the students by the method of self-education and self-improvement in the process of medical practice…”
Get full text

Triple stable isotope analysis to estimate the diet of the Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca) in the Baltic Sea by Rasa Morkūnė, Jūratė Lesutienė, Julius Morkūnas, Rūta Barisevičiūtė

“…The stable isotope mixing model revealed the main contributions of a group of bivalves, Mya arenaria and Cerastoderma glaucum, to be 46–54%, and while the crustacean, Saduria entomon, comprised 26–35% of the diet.…”
Get full text

Formation of diffusion nitride-oxide coatings by Boynazarov Urol

“…This work makes a theoretical calculation of the oxidation processes and subsequent nitriding of steels and a comparison with experimental data on the example of 38X2MYA. The article presents an analysis of the formation of oxynitride diffusion protective layers obtained by a three-stage nitriding method at a temperature of 580° C, which consists of preliminary oxidation, nitriding, and subsequent steam oxidation. …”
Get full text

Ancient Plant Lineages Endemic to Africa and Its Islands: An Analysis on the Distribution and Diversity by Şerban Procheş, Syd Ramdhani

“…Here, we list 35 plant lineages endemic to Africa and its islands deemed to be older than 100 Mya, map their distribution, richness, and weighted endemism, and discuss intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may have facilitated their survival. …”
Get full text