Large-scale gene expression study in the ophiuroid Amphiura filiformis provides insights into evolution of gene regulatory networks by David Viktor Dylus, Anna Czarkwiani, Josefine Stångberg, Olga Ortega-Martinez, Sam Dupont, Paola Oliveri

“…Results We show that ophiuroids and euechinoids, that split at least 480 Million years ago (Mya), have remarkable similarities in tempo and mode of skeletal development. …”
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Gene Analysis, Cloning, and Heterologous Expression of Protease from a Micromycete <i>Aspergillus ochraceus</i> Capable of Activating Protein C of Blood Plasma by Sergei K. Komarevtsev, Peter V. Evseev, Mikhail M. Shneider, Elizaveta A. Popova, Alexey E. Tupikin, Vasiliy N. Stepanenko, Marsel R. Kabilov, Sergei V. Shabunin, Alexander A. Osmolovskiy, Konstantin A. Miroshnikov

“…This enzyme, which belongs to the proteinase-K-like proteases, is similar to the proteases encoded in the genomes of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> ATCC MYA-4609, <i>A. oryzae</i> ATCC 42149 and <i>A. flavus</i> 28. …”
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Uncovering the evolutionary origin of plant molecular processes: comparison of <it>Coleochaete </it>(Coleochaetales) and <it>Spirogyra </it>(Zygnematales) transcriptomes by Delwiche Charles F, Timme Ruth E

“…One of the core questions in the field asks: how did a colonization event by a green algae over 450 mya lead to one of the most successful lineages on the tree of life? …”
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An analysis of synteny of <it>Arachis </it>with <it>Lotus </it>and <it>Medicago </it>sheds new light on the structure, stability and evolution of legume genomes by Nielsen Anna M, Schauser Leif, Fredslund Jakob, Hougaard Birgit K, Guimarães Patricia M, Leal-Bertioli Soraya CM, Sandal Niels, Madsen Lene H, Moretzsohn Marcio C, Bertioli David J, Sato Shusei, Tabata Satoshi, Cannon Steven B, Stougaard Jens

“…<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Most agriculturally important legumes fall within two sub-clades of the Papilionoid legumes: the Phaseoloids and Galegoids, which diverged about 50 Mya. The Phaseoloids are mostly tropical and include crops such as common bean and soybean. …”
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Annotation of Siberian Larch (<i>Larix sibirica</i> Ledeb.) Nuclear Genome—One of the Most Cold-Resistant Tree Species in the Only Deciduous GENUS in <i>Pinaceae</i> by Eugenia I. Bondar, Sergey I. Feranchuk, Ksenia A. Miroshnikova, Vadim V. Sharov, Dmitry A. Kuzmin, Natalya V. Oreshkova, Konstantin V. Krutovsky

“…About 66% of the larch genome consists of highly repetitive elements (REs), with the likely wave of retrotransposons insertions into the larch genome estimated to occur 4–5 MYA. In total, 39,370 gene models were predicted, with 87% of them having homology to the <i>Arabidopsis</i>-annotated proteins and 78% having at least one GO term assignment. …”
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GENOME-WIDE INVESTIGATION OF HSF GENES IN SESAME REVEALS THEIR SEGMENTAL DUPLICATION EXPANSION AND THEIR ACTIVE ROLE IN DROUGHT STRESS RESPONSE by Komivi Dossa, Komivi Dossa, Diaga Diouf, Ndiaga Cisse

“…Evolutionary analysis revealed that, segmental duplication events which occurred around 67 MYA, were the primary force underlying Hsf genes expansion in sesame. …”
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Comparative analysis of full-length mitochondrial genomes of five Skeletonema species reveals conserved genome organization and recent speciation by Shuya Liu, Yichao Wang, Qing Xu, Mengjia Zhang, Nansheng Chen

“…We estimated divergence times among these Skeletonema species using 34 mtDNAs genes with fossil data as calibration point in PAML, which revealed that the Skeletonema species formed the independent clade diverging from Thalassiosira species approximately 48.30 Mya. Conclusions The availability of mtDNAs of five Skeletonema species provided valuable reference sequences for further evolutionary studies including speciation time estimation and comparative genomic analysis among diatom species. …”
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Comparative analysis of medicinal plants Scutellaria baicalensis and common adulterants based on chloroplast genome sequencing by Zhen Li, Baozhong Duan, Zhongyu Zhou, Hui Fang, Meihua Yang, Conglong Xia, Ying Zhou, Jing Wang

“…According to the molecular clock analysis, it has been inferred that the divergence of Scutellaria occurred at approximately 4.0 Mya during the Pliocene Epoch. Conclusion Our study provides an invaluable theoretical basis for further Scutellaria species identification, phylogenetics, and evolution analysis.…”
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The complete plastome sequences of invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus: genome organization, evolutionary significance, structural features, and comparative analysis by Lubna, Sajjad Asaf, Rahmatullah Jan, Saleem Asif, Saqib Bilal, Abdul Latif Khan, Ahmed N. Al-Rawahi, Kyung-Min Kim, Ahmed AL-Harrasi

“…Additionally, the estimated divergence time between the Parthenium genus and Helianthus (sunflowers) was approximately 15.1 million years ago (Mya). These findings provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history and genetic relationships of P. hysterophorus, shedding light on its divergence and adaptation over time.…”
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Genetic differentiation in the genus Characodon: implications for conservation and taxonomy by Rosa G. Beltrán-López, Rodolfo Pérez-Rodríguez, Ofelia C. Montañez-García, Juan M. Artigas-Azas, Michael Köck, Adán F. Mar-Silva, Omar Domínguez-Domínguez

“…The results with both markers show the presence of two highly differentiated haplogroups; one distributed north and the other distributed south of the waterfall, with genetic distances of 1.7 and 13.1% with cytb and d-loop respectively, and divergence calculated to have occurred 1.41 Mya. Significant genetic structure was found within each haplogroup and suggests the existence of at least four Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) within the examined populations. …”
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Hidden genomic evolution in a morphospecies-The landscape of rapidly evolving genes in Tetrahymena. by Jie Xiong, Wentao Yang, Kai Chen, Chuanqi Jiang, Yang Ma, Xiaocui Chai, Guanxiong Yan, Guangying Wang, Dongxia Yuan, Yifan Liu, Shelby L Bidwell, Nikhat Zafar, Michalis Hadjithomas, Vivek Krishnakumar, Robert S Coyne, Eduardo Orias, Wei Miao

“…These species show high genetic divergence; phylogenomic analysis suggests that the genus originated about 300 million years ago (Mya). Seven universal protein domains are preferentially included among the species-specific (i.e., the youngest) Tetrahymena genes. …”
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Mitochondrial genomic characterization of two endemic Chinese freshwater crabs of the genus Sinopotamon (Brachyura: Potamidae) and implications for biogeography analysis of Potamid... by Yanjun Shen, Qinghua Li, Ruli Cheng, Yang Luo, Yufeng Zhang, Qing Zuo

“…Divergence time indicated that the Sinopotamon and its sister group Tenuilapotamon diverged from other potamiscine freshwater crabs approximately 42.65 Mya, which belongs to the recent main uplifts period of the Tibetan Plateau in the Late Miocene. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genomes of eight seahorses and pipefishes (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae): insight into the adaptive radiation of syngnathid fishes by Xin Wang, Yanhong Zhang, Huixian Zhang, Geng Qin, Qiang Lin

“…Results We sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of eight syngnathid species in this study, and the estimated divergence times suggested that syngnathids diverged from other teleosts approximately 48.8 Mya during the Eocene period. Selection analysis showed that many mitochondrial genes of syngnathids exhibited significantly lower Ka/Ks values than those of other teleosts. …”
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Genomic organization and gene expression of the multiple globins in Atlantic cod: conservation of globin-flanking genes in chordates infers the origin of the vertebrate globin clus... by Jakobsen Kjetill S, Wilson Robert C, Nederbragt Alexander J, Wetten Ola F, Edvardsen Rolf B, Andersen Øivind

“…We hypothesize that the fusion of the three chordate linkage groups 3, 15 and 17 more than 800 MYA led to the ancestral vertebrate globin cluster during a geological period of increased atmospheric oxygen content.…”
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Body mass index (BMI) of Institute of Medicine (1) entrants by Thandar, Myat, Aung, Nilar, Nwe, Tin Tin, Swe, Sandar, Soe, Win Tun, Wai, Nyunt

“…Height and weight of male University Entrants (16-18 yr; n= 233) studied in 1957 in Yangon (M.MyaTu & Ko Ko, 1962) were 1.63 + 0.06m and 47.11+7 kg. …”
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Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Acanthogobius ommaturus Provides Insights Into Evolution and Lipid Metabolism by Yu Pan, Zhicheng Sun, Tianxiang Gao, Linlin Zhao, Na Song

“…A. ommaturus is phylogenetically closely related to Periophthalmodon magnuspinnatus and Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, diverging approximately 31.9 MYA with the two goby species. The A. ommaturus genome displayed 597 expanded and 3,094 contracted gene families compared with the common ancestor. …”
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Comparative Analysis of Plastid Genomes in the Non-photosynthetic Genus Thismia Reveals Ongoing Gene Set Reduction by Sophia V. Yudina, Sophia V. Yudina, Sophia V. Yudina, Mikhail I. Schelkunov, Mikhail I. Schelkunov, Lars Nauheimer, Darren Crayn, Sahut Chantanaorrapint, Michal Hroneš, Michal Sochor, Martin Dančák, Shek-Shing Mar, Hong Truong Luu, Maxim S. Nuraliev, Maxim S. Nuraliev, Maria D. Logacheva, Maria D. Logacheva

“…The subject of our study, the genus Thismia, represents the mycoheterotrophic monocot family Thismiaceae, a group that may have experienced a very ancient (60–80 mya) transition to heterotrophy. In all 18 species examined, the plastome is reduced to 14–18 kb and is highly AT-biased. …”
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Plumage assisted divergence in a vocally complex island endemic: The Dicrurus paradiseus species complex in Sri Lanka by Sanjaya Weerakkody, Eben Goodale, Vimukthi R. Gunasekara, Yang Liu, Praveen Karanth, Sampath S. Seneviratne

“…The phylogeny supports distinct species status for the Sri Lanka Drongo (Dicrurus lophorinus) and that the D. lophorinus and D. paradiseus sister pair diverged since 1.35 mya. The variation in the crest and the tail plumage (components of phenotype) were the main contributors of the divergence, despite the similarity in general appearance and vocalization of the allopatric species.…”
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Spatial genetic patterns and distribution dynamics of Begonia grandis (Begoniaceae), a widespread herbaceous species in China by Yan Xiao, Yan Xiao, Xing-Juan Li, Xiao-Long Jiang, Chun Li, Xiang-Peng Li, Wei-Ping Li, Dai-Ke Tian

“…Understanding the spatial genetic structure and distribution dynamics of a widespread species in this genus will contribute to clarifying the mechanism responsible for Begonia speciation.MethodsIn this study, we used three chloroplast DNA markers (ndhF-rpl32, atpI-atpH, and ndhA intron), coupled with species distribution modeling (SDM), to investigate the population genetic structure and distribution dynamics of Begonia grandis Dryand., the species of Begonia with the widest distribution in China.ResultsThirty-five haplotypes from 44 populations clustered into two groups, and haplotype divergence began in the Pleistocene (1.75 Mya). High genetic diversity (Hd = 0.894, HT = 0.910), strong genetic differentiation (FST = 0.835), and significant phylogeographical structure (GST/NST = 0.848/0.917, P &lt; 0.05) were observed. …”
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Pleistocene climate and geomorphology drive the evolution and phylogeographic pattern of Triplophysa robusta (Kessler, 1876) by Hui Zhong, Yaxian Sun, Huihui Wu, Shengnan Li, Zhongyuan Shen, Conghui Yang, Ming Wen, Peng Chen, Qianhong Gu, Qianhong Gu

“…We found seven differentiated sublineages of T. robusta, which were established during the Mid Pleistocene 0.87–0.61 Mya. The species distribution modeling (SDM) showed an expansion of T. robusta during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and a considerable retraction during the Last Interglacial (LIG). …”
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