The genome of the rice planthopper egg parasitoid wasps Anagrus nilaparvatae casts light on the chemo- and mechanosensation in parasitism by Ying Ma, Zixiao Guo, Liyang Wang, Bingyang Wang, Tingfa Huang, Bingjie Tang, Guren Zhang, Qiang Zhou

“…The divergence time between A. nilaparvatae and the other seven Chalcidoidea species was dated at ~ 126.9 Mya. Chemoreceptor and mechanoreceptor genes are important in explaining parasitic behavior. …”
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Comparison between Tris, Lactose/Tris, Ringer- Lactate and Skim Milk as extenders to deep freezing buffalo semen by Michel Yoshio Almeida Miyasaki, William Gomes Vale, Fábio André Campos Baía, Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino, Haroldo Francisco Lobato Ribeiro, Marcelo Takio Almeida Miyasaki

“…ABSTRACT. Miyasaki M.Y.A., Vale W.G., Baía F.A.C., Minervino A.H.H., Ribeiro, H.F.L. & Miyasaki M.T.A. …”
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Multiple and diversified transposon lineages contribute to early and recent bivalve genome evolution by Jacopo Martelossi, Filippo Nicolini, Simone Subacchi, Daniela Pasquale, Fabrizio Ghiselli, Andrea Luchetti

“…We uncovered a previously underestimated rich and diverse bivalve ancestral transposon complement that could be traced back to their most recent common ancestor that lived ~ 500 Mya. Moreover, we identified multiple instances of lineage-specific emergence and loss of different LINEs and DDE/D lineages with the interesting cases of CR1- Zenon, Proto2, RTE-X, and Academ elements that underwent a bivalve-specific amplification likely associated with their diversification. …”
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In vitro Antifungal Effects of Berberine Against Candida spp. In Planktonic and Biofilm Conditions by Xie Y, Liu X, Zhou P

“…This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal effects of the natural bioactive alkaloid berberine against Candida spp. in planktonic and biofilm conditions.Methods: Using the CLSI M27-A3 reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts, the MICs for five standard strains comprised of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231, ATCC 90028), Candida krusei (ATCC 6258), Candida glabrata (ATCC 90030), Candida dubliniensis (MYA 646), and six clinical isolates (CLC1–CLC6) were tested. …”
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Wide-Range Portrayal of AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Family in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Development and Stress Responses by Cheng Cheng, Likun An, Fangzhe Li, Wahaj Ahmad, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Zia Ul Haq, Yuanxin Yan, Ramala Masood Ahmad

“…The duplication events of the paralogous genes occurred from 1.724–25.855 MYA, a key route to maize evolution. Structural analysis reveals that they have more introns and few exons. …”
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Stems matter: Xylem physiological limits are an accessible and critical improvement to models of plant gas exchange in deep time by William J. Matthaeus, Isabel P. Montañez, Jennifer C. McElwain, Jonathan P. Wilson, Joseph D. White

“…The evolution of woody stems approximately 400 mya (middle Paleozoic) facilitated the expansion of plants and has likely affected carbon and water budgets across much of the terrestrial surface since that time. …”
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Beetle mania: Understanding pond aquatic beetles diversity patterns through a multiple-facet approach by Nicolás Martínez-Román, Luis B. Epele, Luz M. Manzo, Marta G. Grech, Miguel Archangelsky

“…This result in addition to arid conditions in Patagonia prevailing since 16 m.y.a made us think that Patagonian beetle pond-dwellers are basally adapted to aridity. …”
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Genome of Tetraploid Fish Schizothorax o'connori Provides Insights into Early Re-diploidization and High-Altitude Adaptation by Shijun Xiao, Zhenbo Mou, Dingding Fan, He Zhou, Ming Zou, Yu Zou, Chaowei Zhou, Ruibin Yang, Jiaqi Liu, Shilin Zhu, Yajuan Li, Yanchao Liu, Fei Liu, Wanliang Wang, Benhe Zeng, Hong Li, Di Wang, Haiping Liu

“…Here, we present a genome for Schizothorax o'connori, a QTP endemic fish and showed the species as a young tetraploid with a recent WGD later than ∼1.23 mya. We exhibited that massive insertions between duplicated genomes caused by transposon bursts could induce mutagenesis in adjacent sequences and alter the expression of neighboring genes, representing an early re-diploidization process in a polyploid genome after WGD. …”
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Stronger selective constraints on the mitochondrial genome in flying fishes by Zufa Ding, Zufa Ding, Youwei Xu, Wenjun Chen, Wenjun Chen, Yang Liu, Yang Liu, Cheng Wang, Cheng Wang, Yuhan Niu, Kui Zhang, Ying Wang, Liandong Yang

“…The divergence time analysis showed that the split between the suborder Belonidei and the family Adrianichthyidae occurred roughly 77.08 Mya, which fell within the period of evolution of the Indian plate in the late Cretaceous. …”
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The American Cherimoya Genome Reveals Insights into the Intra-Specific Divergence, the Evolution of <i>Magnoliales</i>, and a Putative Gene Cluster for Acetogenin Biosynthesis by Tang Li, Jinfang Zheng, Orestis Nousias, Yuchen Yan, Lyndel W. Meinhardt, Ricardo Goenaga, Dapeng Zhang, Yanbin Yin

“…These two cultivars were diverged during the early Pleistocene (1.93 Mya), which suggests a different origin and domestication of the cherimoya. …”
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Genome-wide investigation of the AP2/ERF superfamily and their expression under salt stress in Chinese willow (Salix matsudana) by Jian Zhang, Shi zheng Shi, Yuna Jiang, Fei Zhong, Guoyuan Liu, Chunmei Yu, Bolin Lian, Yanhong Chen

“…Evolution analysis on paralog gene pairs suggested that progenitor of S. matsudana originated from hybridization between two different diploid salix germplasms and underwent genome duplication not more than 10 Mya. RNA sequencing results demonstrated the differential expression patterns of some SmAP2/ERF genes under salt stress and this information can help reveal the mechanism of salt tolerance regulation in Salix matsudana.…”
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Chinstrap penguin population genetic structure: one or more populations along the Southern Ocean? by Isidora Mura-Jornet, Carolina Pimentel, Gisele P. M. Dantas, Maria Virginia Petry, Daniel González-Acuña, Andrés Barbosa, Andrew D. Lowther, Kit M. Kovacs, Elie Poulin, Juliana A. Vianna

“…High genetic diversity, evidence of female bias-dispersal and a sign of population expansion after the last glacial maximum around 10,000 mya were detected. Limited population genetic structure and lack of isolation by distance throughout the region were found, along with no differentiation between the WAP and Bouvetøya (overall microsatellite F ST  = 0.002, p = 0.273; mtDNA F ST  = − 0.004, p = 0.766), indicating long distance dispersal. …”
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Mitochondriomics of <i>Clarias</i> Fishes (Siluriformes: Clariidae) with a New Assembly of <i>Clarias camerunensis</i>: Insights into the Genetic Characterization and Diversificati... by Piyumi S. De Alwis, Shantanu Kundu, Fantong Zealous Gietbong, Muhammad Hilman Fu’adil Amin, Soo-Rin Lee, Hyun-Woo Kim, Ah Ran Kim

“…The TimeTree analysis revealed that the two major clades (Indo-Africa and Asia) of <i>Clarias</i> species might have diverged during the Paleogene (≈28.66 MYA). Our findings revealed the separation of Indian species (<i>C. dussumieri</i>) and African species (<i>C. camerunensis</i> and <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>) took place during the Paleogene, as well as the South Chinese species (<i>Clarias fuscus</i>) and Sundaland species (<i>Clarias batrachus</i>) splits from the Indochinese species (<i>Clarias macrocephalus</i>) during the Neogene through independent colonization. …”
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History cooling events caused migrations of endangered Cathaya argyrophylla into low latitude refuges by Zhi He, Chao Zhang, Xi Dong, Hong Liu, Hongyan Zhou, Kailai Wang, Juan Guo, Yongbo Liu

“…The divergence times were corresponded to the starting time of population decline, which coincided with Naynayxungla Glaciation (∼0.8–0.5 Mya), the last glacial period (LGP, ∼115–11.7 kya) and the Holocene (∼10 kya). …”
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Phylogeography and ecological niche modeling unravel the evolutionary history of the Yarkand hare, Lepus yarkandensis (Mammalia: Leporidae), through the Quaternary by Brawin Kumar, Jilong Cheng, Deyan Ge, Lin Xia, Qisen Yang

“…In the “early Pleistocene”, the demographic expansion continued from 0.83 MYA to the last glacial period. The ENM analysis supported a wide distribution of Lepus yarkandensis at high altitudes during the last interglacial (LIG) period. …”
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A chromosome-scale and haplotype-resolved genome assembly of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) based on high-fidelity sequencing by Heling Jiang, Heling Jiang, Xiaoni Zhang, Luhong Leng, Desheng Gong, Xiaohui Zhang, Junyang Liu, Dan Peng, Zhiqiang Wu, Zhiqiang Wu, Yingxue Yang, Yingxue Yang

“…Phylogenetic analysis showed that the species differentiation time between carnation and gypsophila was estimated to be ~54.43 MYA. The unique gene families of carnation genomes were identified in ‘Aili’ and previously published ‘Francesco’ and ‘Scarlet Queen’. …”
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A Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Pattern of <i>LMCO</i> Gene Family from Turnip (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L.) under Various Abiotic Stresses by Waqar Khan, Ahmed M. El-Shehawi, Fayaz Ali, Murad Ali, Mohammed Alqurashi, Mohammed M. Althaqafi, Siraj B. Alharthi

“…The anticipated period of divergence ranged from 12.365 to 39.250 MYA (million years ago). We also identified the pivotal role of the 18 documented members of the LMCO (Br-lac) gene family using quantitative real-time qRT-PCR. …”
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Whole-Genome Diversification Analysis of the Hornbeam Species Reveals Speciation and Adaptation Among Closely Related Species by Zeyu Zheng, Ying Li, Minjie Li, Guiting Li, Xin Du, Hu Hongyin, Mou Yin, Zhiqiang Lu, Xu Zhang, Nawal Shrestha, Jianquan Liu, Yongzhi Yang

“…The speciation analysis between C. monbeigiana and C. mollicoma revealed that both species diverged ∼1.2 Mya with bidirectional gene flow. A total of 291 highly diverged genes, 223 copy number variants genes, and 269 positive selected genes were recovered from the two species. …”
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Molecular population genetics and phylogeographic studies of Ligia exotica and Ligia cinerascens in East Asia by Gyeongmin Kim, Gyeongmin Kim, Hyemin Kim, Sohyun Mun, Eun Hwa Choi, Eun Hwa Choi, Anh D. Nguyen, Ui Wook Hwang, Ui Wook Hwang, Ui Wook Hwang, Ui Wook Hwang

“…The results of time-calibrated phylogeny suggested that the speciation events of Ligia species might be associated with Japanese mainland formation from Oligocene to Miocene (approximately 30-5 million years ago, Mya). The results of the present study provide insights that could facilitate the understanding of the evolutionary history of Ligia, tracking of geological processes, and evolutionary effects of palaeogeographical events at the population level.…”
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Genomic analysis of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) provides insights into mechanisms of adaptation to high elevation by Yupeng Geng, Yabin Guan, La Qiong, Shugang Lu, Miao An, M. James C. Crabbe, Ji Qi, Fangqing Zhao, Qin Qiao, Ticao Zhang

“…Phylogenomic analyses based on 2495 single-copy genes revealed that pennycress is closely related to Eutrema salsugineum (estimated divergence 14.32–18.58 Mya), and both species form a sister clade to Schrenkiella parvula and genus Brassica. …”
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