Published 2023-02-01
“…(iii) The twin-parameter radar rainfall estimates
based on measured <span class="inline-formula"><i>Z</i><sub>H</sub></span> (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi>Z</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg"
md5hash="150fd6eb2567fa2943cf21893872fc53"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00004.svg" width="17pt" height="17pt" src="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) and <span class="inline-formula"><i>Z</i><sub>DR</sub></span>
(<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi>Z</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">DR</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg"
md5hash="4d0a4e7a912a5656995ac6d0a688c5e8"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00005.svg" width="21pt" height="17pt" src="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>), and their corrected counterparts
<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M15" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi>Z</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg"
md5hash="7f7f110aeb6a292ec6863cdc170ccc6f"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00006.svg" width="16pt" height="17pt" src="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M16" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi>Z</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">DR</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg"
md5hash="af4a4e5ee9464b435f4bf90421f3bbba"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00007.svg" width="21pt" height="17pt" src="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00007.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, i.e.,
<span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i></span>(<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M18" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi>Z</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg"
md5hash="77e15ea304c9522c6f92321079f9e5ec"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00008.svg" width="17pt" height="17pt" src="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00008.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M19" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi>Z</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">DR</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg"
md5hash="919f86b94f71d352e6186282d91b12fa"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00009.svg" width="21pt" height="17pt" src="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00009.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) and
<span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i></span>(<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M21" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi>Z</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg"
md5hash="ab6a8397b14785152e190760d17de066"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00010.svg" width="16pt" height="17pt" src="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00010.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M22" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi>Z</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">DR</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg"
md5hash="fa9dee1500ca6a2b5ccd43fb45b88d15"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00011.svg" width="21pt" height="17pt" src="acp-23-2439-2023-ie00011.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>), both tend
to overestimate rainfall around the GWS of YDM, mainly ascribed to the
unique microphysical process in which the breakup-dominated small-sized
drops above transition to the coalescence-dominated large-sized drops
falling near the surface. …”
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