Elbow Injuries Among MLB Pitchers Increased During Covid-19 Disrupted Season, But Not Other Baseball Injuries by Chelsea Martin, Jozef Palasiewicz, Jesse Grullon, Ellen Shanley, Charles Thigpen, Daniel Kline, Stefan Kluzek, Gary Collins, Garrett Bullock

“…# Background The 2020 Major League Baseball Season (MLB) demonstrated season disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. …”
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Subverting value hierarchies : essays on the causes and responses to shifts in demand for authenticity by Hahl, Oliver (Oliver Douglas)

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Professional Athlete Return to Play and Performance After Shoulder Arthroscopy Varies by Sport by Margaret J. Higgins, B.S., Steven DeFroda, M.D., M.Eng., Daniel S. Yang, B.S., Symone M. Brown, M.P.H., Mary K. Mulcahey, M.D.

“…Purpose: To determine whether differences in return-to-play (RTP) rate and performance-based outcomes exist following shoulder arthroscopy in athletes from the National Football League (NFL), National Basketball League (NBA), Major League Baseball (MLB), and National Hockey League (NHL). …”
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Shoulder Injuries in Professional Baseball Batters: Analysis of 3,414 Injuries Over an 8-Year Period by Erick M. Marigi, M.D., Stan Conte, P.T., D.P.T., A.T.C., Anna K. Reinholz, B.S., John A. Steubs, M.D., Michael L. Knudsen, M.D., Aaron J. Krych, M.D., Christopher L. Camp, M.D.

“…Methods: Between 2011 and 2017, all Major League Baseball (MLB) and Minor League Baseball (MiLB) players who sustained shoulder injuries were identified using the MLB Health and Injury Tracking System (HITS). …”
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Professional Athletes’ Return to Play and Performance after Achilles Tendon Ruptures by Johnathan Miller BA, Denzel Woode BA, Eugene Jang MD, MS, David Trofa MD, Justin Greisberg MD, J Turner Vosseller MD

“…Methods: Publicly available records yielded a list of NBA, National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), and National Hockey League (NHL) athletes who suffered Achilles tendon ruptures requiring surgical repair from 1989-2013. …”
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A Finite Element Investigation into the Effect of Slope of Grain on Wood Baseball Bat Durability by Joshua Fortin-Smith, James Sherwood, Patrick Drane, Eric Ruggiero, Blake Campshure, David Kretschmann

“…Bat durability is defined as the relative bat/ball speed that results in bat breakage, i.e., the higher the speed required to initiate bat cracking, the better the durability. In 2008, Major League Baseball added a regulation to the Wooden Baseball Bat Standards concerning Slope-of-Grain (SoG), defined to be the angle of the grain of the wood in the bat with respect to a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bat, as part of an overall strategy to reverse what was perceived to be an increasing rate of wood bats breaking into multiple pieces during games. …”
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Professional Baseball Pitchers Drafted at a Younger Age Pitch More Innings During Their Professional Baseball Careers Than Pitchers Drafted at an Older Age by Christopher L. Antonacci, M.D., M.P.H., Martinus Megalla, B.A., Anmol Johal, B.A., Ali Omari, M.D., Brandon J. Erickson, M.D., Frank G. Alberta, M.D.

“…Purpose: To evaluate and describe the differences in characteristics between the Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers with greater workload and career longevity in terms of innings pitched (IP) and performance-matched controls who have not experienced similar length careers. …”
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Identifying the underlying mechanisms responsible for glenohumeral internal rotation in professional baseball pitchers by Ryan W. Paul, BS, CSCS, Brandon J. Erickson, MD, Steven B. Cohen, MD, Michael G. Ciccotti, MD, Michael Hefta, MS, ATC, Paul Buchheit, MS, ATC, Joseph Rauch, DPT, ATC, Shawn Fcasni, MS, ATC, Alex Plum, DPT, Aaron Hoback, ATC, Stephen J. Thomas, PhD, ATC

“…Healthy professional pitchers from a single organization were recruited at the beginning of the 2021 Major League Baseball Spring Training. Participants received bilateral IR ROM assessment while laying supine with the shoulder at 90 degrees of abduction and the scapula stabilized. …”
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Spread of COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation in the Ninth Inning: Retrospective Observational Infodemic Study by Alec J Calac, Michael R Haupt, Zhuoran Li, Tim Mackey

“…In January 2021, Major League Baseball legend and Hall of Famer, Hank Aaron, passed away at the age of 86 years from natural causes, just 2 weeks after he received the COVID-19 vaccine. …”
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