Novel symbionts and potential human pathogens excavated from argasid tick microbiomes that are shaped by dual or single symbiosis by Mohamed Abdallah Mohamed Moustafa, Wessam Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed, Alice C.C. Lau, Elisha Chatanga, Yongjin Qiu, Naoki Hayashi, Doaa Naguib, Kozue Sato, Ai Takano, Keita Matsuno, Nariaki Nonaka, DeMar Taylor, Hiroki Kawabata, Ryo Nakao

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Socio-political and ecological fragility of threatened, free-ranging African lion populations by Samantha K. Nicholson, Amy Dickman, Amy Hinks, Jason Riggio, Hans Bauer, Andrew Loveridge, Matthew Becker, Colleen Begg, Shivani Bhalla, Dawn Burnham, Alayne Cotterill, Stephanie Dolrenry, Egil Dröge, Paul Funston, Leela Hazzah, Dennis Ikanda, Fikirte Gebresenbet, Philipp Henschel, Roseline L. Mandisodza-Chikerema, Moreangels Mbizah, Luke Hunter, Kim Jacobsen, Peter Lindsey, Nakedi Maputla, Ewan Macdonald, David W. Macdonald, Resson Kantai Duff, Craig Packer, Claudio Sillero-Zubiri, Tutilo Mudumba, Paolo Strampelli, Etotépé A. Sogbohossou, Peter Tyrrell, Andrew P. Jacobson

“…At a country level, lion populations had highest ecological fragility in Cameroon and Malawi. When we examined socio-political fragility, Somalia was the most fragile lion range country, followed by South Sudan. …”
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Characterising paediatric mortality during and after acute illness in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia: a secondary analysis of the CHAIN cohort using a machine learning approachR... by Abdoulaye Hama Diallo, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid, Ali Fazal Khan, Ali Faisal Saleem, Benson O. Singa, Blaise Siezanga Gnoumou, Caroline Tigoi, Catherine Achieng Otieno, Celine Bourdon, Chris Odhiambo Oduol, Christina L. Lancioni, Christine Manyasi, Christine J. McGrath, Christopher Maronga, Christopher Lwanga, Daniella Brals, Dilruba Ahmed, Dinesh Mondal, Donna M. Denno, Dorothy I. Mangale, Emmanuel Chimezi, Emmie Mbale, Ezekiel Mupere, Gazi Md. Salahuddin Mamun, Issaka Ouedraogo, George Githinji, James A. Berkley, Jenala Njirammadzi, John Mukisa, Johnstone Thitiri, Jonas Haggstrom, Joseph D. Carreon, Judd L. Walson, Julie Jemutai, Kirkby D. Tickell, Lubaba Shahrin, MacPherson Mallewa, Md. Iqbal Hossain, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Molly Timbwa, Moses Mburu, Moses M. Ngari, Narshion Ngao, Peace Aber, Philliness Prisca Harawa, Priya Sukhtankar, Robert H.J. Bandsma, Roseline Maimouna Bamouni, Sassy Molyneux, Sergey Feldman, Shalton Mwaringa, Shamsun Nahar Shaima, Syed Asad Ali, Syeda Momena Afsana, Syera Banu, Tahmeed Ahmed, Wieger P. Voskuijl, Zaubina Kazi

“…Methods: A cohort of 3101 children aged 2–24 months were recruited at admission to hospital for any acute illness in Bangladesh (Dhaka and Matlab Hospitals), Pakistan (Civil Hospital Karachi), Kenya (Kilifi, Mbagathi, and Migori Hospitals), Uganda (Mulago Hospital), Malawi (Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital), and Burkina Faso (Banfora Hospital) from November 2016 to January 2019. …”
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Effect of ready-to-use supplementary food on mortality in severely immunocompromised HIV-infected individuals in Africa initiating antiretroviral therapy (REALITY): an open-label,... by Mallewa, J, Szubert, A, Mugyenyi, P, Chidziva, E, Thomason, M, Chepkorir, P, Abongomera, G, Baleeta, K, Etyang, A, Warambwa, C, Melly, B, Mudzingwa, S, Kelly, C, Agutu, C, Wilkes, H, Nkomani, S, Musiime, V, Lugemwa, A, Pett, S, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M, Prendergast, A, Gibb, D, Walker, A, Berkley, J, REALITY trial team

“…<strong>Methods</strong> We did a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial, open-label, parallel-group trial at inpatient and outpatient facilities in eight urban or periurban regional hospitals in Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Eligible participants were ART-naive adults and children aged at least 5 years with confirmed HIV infection and a CD4 cell count of fewer than 100 cells per μL, who were initiating ART at the facilities. …”

Whole blood versus red cell concentrates for children with severe anaemia: a secondary analysis of the Transfusion and Treatment of African Children (TRACT) trial by George, EC, Uyoga, S, M'baya, B, Kyeyune Byabazair, D, Kiguli, S, Olupot-Olupot, P, Opoka, R, Chagaluka, G, Alaroker, F, Williams, TN, Bates, I, Mbanya, D, Gibb, DM, Walker, AS, Maitland, K

“…TRACT was an open-label, multicentre, factorial, randomised trial conducted in three hospitals in Uganda (Soroti, Mbale, and Mulago) and one hospital in Malawi (Blantyre). The trial enrolled children aged between 2 months and 12 years admitted to hospital with severe anaemia (haemoglobin <6 g/dL). …”

Association of diabetes, smoking, and alcohol use with subclinical-to-symptomatic spectrum of tuberculosis in 16 countries: an individual participant data meta-analysis of national... by Yohhei Hamada, Matteo Quartagno, Irwin Law, Farihah Malik, Frank Adae Bonsu, Ifedayo M.O. Adetifa, Yaw Adusi-Poku, Umberto D'Alessandro, Adedapo Olufemi Bashorun, Vikarunnessa Begum, Dina Bisara Lolong, Tsolmon Boldoo, Themba Dlamini, Simon Donkor, Bintari Dwihardiani, Saidi Egwaga, Muhammad N. Farid, Anna Marie Celina G.Garfin, Donna Mae G Gaviola, Mohammad Mushtuq Husain, Farzana Ismail, Mugagga Kaggwa, Deus V. Kamara, Samuel Kasozi, Kruger Kaswaswa, Bruce Kirenga, Eveline Klinkenberg, Zuweina Kondo, Adebola Lawanson, David Macheque, Ivan Manhiça, Llang Bridget Maama-Maime, Sayoki Mfinanga, Sizulu Moyo, James Mpunga, Thuli Mthiyane, Dyah Erti Mustikawati, Lindiwe Mvusi, Hoa Binh Nguyen, Hai Viet Nguyen, Lamria Pangaribuan, Philip Patrobas, Mahmudur Rahman, Mahbubur Rahman, Mohammed Sayeedur Rahman, Thato Raleting, Pandu Riono, Nunurai Ruswa, Elizeus Rutebemberwa, Mugabe Frank Rwabinumi, Mbazi Senkoro, Ahmad Raihan Sharif, Welile Sikhondze, Charalambos Sismanidis, Tugsdelger Sovd, Turyahabwe Stavia, Sabera Sultana, Oster Suriani, Albertina Martha Thomas, Kristina Tobing, Martie Van der Walt, Simon Walusimbi, Mohammad Mostafa Zaman, Katherine Floyd, Andrew Copas, Ibrahim Abubakar, Molebogeng X. Rangaka

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Spatiotemporal variation in risk of Shigella infection in childhood: a global risk mapping and prediction model using individual participant data by Hamada S Badr, PhD, Josh M Colston, PhD, Nhat-Lan H Nguyen, BA, Yen Ting Chen, MD, Eleanor Burnett, MPH, Syed Asad Ali, MPH, Ajit Rayamajhi, MD, Syed M Satter, MPH, Nguyen Van Trang, PhD, Daniel Eibach, PD, Ralf Krumkamp, DrPH, Jürgen May, MD, Ayola Akim Adegnika, PhD, Gédéon Prince Manouana, PhD, Peter Gottfried Kremsner, MD, Roma Chilengi, MSc, Luiza Hatyoka, PhD, Amanda K Debes, PhD, Jerome Ateudjieu, PhD, Abu S G Faruque, MPH, M Jahangir Hossain, MSc, Suman Kanungo, PhD, Karen L Kotloff, MD, Inácio Mandomando, PhD, M Imran Nisar, PhD, Richard Omore, PhD, Samba O Sow, MSc, Anita K M Zaidi, SM, Nathalie Lambrecht, PhD, Bright Adu, PhD, Nicola Page, MPH, James A Platts-Mills, MD, Cesar Mavacala Freitas, MD, Tuula Pelkonen, PhD, Per Ashorn, PhD, Kenneth Maleta, PhD, Tahmeed Ahmed, PhD, Pascal Bessong, PhD, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, PhD, Carl Mason, MD, Estomih Mduma, PhD, Maribel P Olortegui, MPH, Pablo Peñataro Yori, MPH, Aldo A M Lima, PhD, Gagandeep Kang, PhD, Jean Humphrey, ScD, Robert Ntozini, MPH, Andrew J Prendergast, DPhil, Kazuhisa Okada, PhD, Warawan Wongboot, PhD, Nina Langeland, PhD, Sabrina J Moyo, PhD, James Gaensbauer, MD, Mario Melgar, MD, Matthew Freeman, PhD, Anna N Chard, MPH, Vonethalom Thongpaseuth, MD, Eric Houpt, MD, Benjamin F Zaitchik, PhD, Margaret N Kosek, MD

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In-hospital mortality risk stratification in children aged under 5 years with pneumonia with or without pulse oximetry: A secondary analysis of the Pneumonia REsearch Partnership t... by Shubhada Hooli, Carina King, Eric D. McCollum, Tim Colbourn, Norman Lufesi, Charles Mwansambo, Christopher J. Gregory, Somsak Thamthitiwat, Clare Cutland, Shabir Ahmed Madhi, Marta C. Nunes, Bradford D. Gessner, Tabish Hazir, Joseph L. Mathew, Emmanuel Addo-Yobo, Noel Chisaka, Mumtaz Hassan, Patricia L. Hibberd, Prakash Jeena, Juan M. Lozano, William B. MacLeod, Archana Patel, Donald M. Thea, Ngoc Tuong Vy Nguyen, Syed MA. Zaman, Raul O. Ruvinsky, Marilla Lucero, Cissy B. Kartasasmita, Claudia Turner, Rai Asghar, Salem Banajeh, Imran Iqbal, Irene Maulen-Radovan, Greta Mino-Leon, Samir K. Saha, Mathuram Santosham, Sunit Singhi, Shally Awasthi, Ashish Bavdekar, Monidarin Chou, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Jean-William Pape, Glaucia Paranhos-Baccala, Valentina Sanchez Picot, Mala Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, Vanessa Rouzier, Graciela Russomando, Mariam Sylla, Philippe Vanhems, Jianwei Wang, Sudha Basnet, Tor A. Strand, Mark I. Neuman, Luis Martinez Arroyo, Marcela Echavarria, Shinjini Bhatnagar, Nitya Wadhwa, Rakesh Lodha, Satinder Aneja, Angela Gentile, Mandeep Chadha, Siddhivinayak Hirve, Kerry-Ann F. O'Grady, Alexey W. Clara, Chris A. Rees, Harry Campbell, Harish Nair, Jennifer Falconer, Linda J. Williams, Margaret Horne, Shamim A. Qazi, Yasir Bin Nisar

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Environmental impacts of tilapia fish cage aquaculture on water physico-chemical parameters of Lake Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo by Sharon Indasi Lubembe, Sharon Indasi Lubembe, Jacques R. Walumona, Béni Lwikitcha Hyangya, Benjamin N. Kondowe, Jean-Diste M. Kulimushi, Giséle A. Shamamba, Alain M. Kulimushi, Belinda H. R. Hounsounou, Mulongaibalu Mbalassa, Frank O. Masese, Mulungula Pascal Masilya, Mulungula Pascal Masilya

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Brucella Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Occupationally Exposed Humans in Selected Districts of Southern Province, Zambia by Melai Mubanga, Melai Mubanga, Ruth L. Mfune, Ruth L. Mfune, John Kothowa, John Kothowa, Ahmed S. Mohamud, Ahmed S. Mohamud, Chitalu Chanda, John Mcgiven, Flavien N. Bumbangi, Bernard M. Hang'ombe, Bernard M. Hang'ombe, Jacques Godfroid, Martin Simuunza, Martin Simuunza, John B. Muma

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Associations between vision impairment and vision-related interventions on crash risk and driving cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis by Lisa Keay, Matthew J Burton, Julie Brown, Jacqueline Ramke, Joao Furtado, Iris Gordon, Justine H Zhang, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Helen Nguyen, Kristy Coxon, Kerrie Ren, Shaffi Mdala, Gatera Fiston Kitema

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Task shifting roles, interventions and outcomes for kidney and cardiovascular health service delivery among African populations: a scoping review by Ikechi G. Okpechi, Ijezie I. Chukwuonye, Udeme Ekrikpo, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Yemi R. Raji, Yusuf Adeshina, Samuel Ajayi, Zunaid Barday, Malini Chetty, Bianca Davidson, Emmanuel Effa, Stephen Fagbemi, Cindy George, Andre P. Kengne, Erika S. W. Jones, Hamidu Liman, Mohammad Makusidi, Hadiza Muhammad, Ikechukwu Mbah, Kwazi Ndlovu, Grace Ngaruiya, Chimezie Okwuonu, Ugochi Samuel-Okpechi, Elliot K. Tannor, Ifeoma Ulasi, Zulkifilu Umar, Nicola Wearne, Aminu K. Bello

“…Results Thirty-three studies, conducted in 10 African countries (South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, and Uganda) were eligible for inclusion. …”
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Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable cabotegravir in low-risk HIV-uninfected individuals: HPTN 077, a phase 2a randomized controlled trial. by Raphael J Landovitz, Sue Li, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Halima Dawood, Albert Y Liu, Manya Magnus, Mina C Hosseinipour, Ravindre Panchia, Leslie Cottle, Gordon Chau, Paul Richardson, Mark A Marzinke, Craig W Hendrix, Susan H Eshleman, Yinfeng Zhang, Elizabeth Tolley, Jeremy Sugarman, Ryan Kofron, Adeola Adeyeye, David Burns, Alex R Rinehart, David Margolis, William R Spreen, Myron S Cohen, Marybeth McCauley, Joseph J Eron

“…HIV Prevention Trials Network study 077 (HPTN 077) evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of CAB LA in HIV-uninfected males and females at 8 sites in Brazil, Malawi, South Africa, and the United States. METHODS AND FINDINGS:HPTN 077 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2a trial. …”
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Validating Indigenous Farmers’ Practice in the Management of the Fall Armyworm <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (J. E. Smith) in Maize Cropping Systems in Africa by Saliou Niassy, Evanson Rigan Omuse, John Emanuel Khang’ati, Ines Bächinger, David Mfuti Kupesa, Xavier Cheseto, Benjamin W. Mbatha, Robert S. Copeland, Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed, Mphatso Gama, Joyce Mulila Mitti, Yeneneh Belayneh, Nicolas Delabays, François Lefort, Sunday Ekesi, Sevgan Subramanian

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Africa Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Buildup Process by Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, Mary Afihene, Marinela Capanu, Yuelin Li, Joanne F. Chou, Akwi Asombang, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Adda Bounedjar, Lina Cunha, Hailemichael Desalegn Mekonnen, Papa Saloum Diop, Reda Elwakil, Mahamat Moussa Ali, Ntokozo Ndlovu, Jerry Ndumbalo, Precious Takondwa Makondi, Christian Tzeuton, Tiago Biachi de Castria, Adwoa Afrakoma Agyei-Nkansah, Fiyinfolu Balogun, Alain Bougouma, Blaise Irénée Atipo Ibara, Eduard Jonas, Stephen Kimani, Peter Kingham, Reshad Kurrimbukus, Nazik Hammad, Mona Fouad, Noha El Baghdady, Eloumou Bagnaka Servais Albert Fiacre, Vikash Sewram, C. Wendy Spearman, Ju Dong Yang, Lewis R. Roberts, Ashraf O. Abdelaziz

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Testing the effects of mass drug administration of azithromycin on mortality and other outcomes among 1–11-month-old infants in Mali (LAKANA): study protocol for a cluster-randomiz... by Laura Adubra, Dagmar Alber, Per Ashorn, Ulla Ashorn, Yin Bun Cheung, Elaine Cloutman-Green, Fatoumata Diallo, Camilla Ducker, Riku Elovainio, Yue-Mei Fan, Lily Gates, Gwydion Gruffudd, Tiia Haapaniemi, Fadima Haidara, Lotta Hallamaa, Rikhard Ihamuotila, Nigel Klein, Juho Luoma, Owen Martell, Samba Sow, Taru Vehmasto, LAKANA Trial Team

“…A large-scale cluster-randomized trial conducted in Malawi, Niger, and Tanzania suggested that the effect differs by country, may be stronger in infants, and may be concentrated within the first 3 months after treatment. …”
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Effects of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on preventive and care-seeking behaviours to reduce neonatal mortality: A meta-analysis of cluster-randomised... by Seward, N, Neuman, M, Colbourn, T, Osrin, D, Lewycka, S, Azad, K, Costello, A, Das, S, Fottrell, E, Kuddus, A, Manandhar, D, Nair, N, Nambiar, B, Shah More, N, Phiri, T, Tripathy, P, Prost, A

“…</p><br/> <p><strong>Methods and Findings</strong><br/> We conducted a meta-analysis using data from 7 cluster-randomised controlled trials that took place between 2001 and 2012 in rural India (2 trials), urban India (1 trial), rural Bangladesh (2 trials), rural Nepal (1 trial), and rural Malawi (1 trial), with the number of participants ranging between 6,125 and 29,901 live births. …”

Raltegravir-intensified initial antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV disease in Africa: A randomised controlled trial by Kityo, C, Szubert, A, Siika, A, Heydermann, R, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M, Lugemwa, A, Mwaringa, S, Griffiths, A, Nkanya, I, Kabahenda, S, Wachira, S, Musoro, G, Rajapakse, C, Etyang, T, Abach, J, Spyer, M, Wavamunno, P, Nyondo-Mipanda, L, Chidziva, E, Nathoo, K, Klein, N, Hakim, J, Gibb, D, Walker, A, Pett, S

“…<strong>Methods and findings:</strong> In a 2×2×2 factorial open-label parallel-group trial, treatment-naive adults, adolescents, and children &gt;5 years old infected with HIV, with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) &lt;100 cells/mm3, from eight urban/peri-urban HIV clinics at regional hospitals in Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, and Zimbabwe were randomised 1:1 to initiate standard triple-drug ART, with or without 12-week raltegravir intensification, and followed for 48 weeks. …”

Global Landscape Review of Serotype-Specific Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance among Countries Using PCV10/13: The Pneumococcal Serotype Replacement and Distribution Estim... by Maria Deloria Knoll, Julia C. Bennett, Maria Garcia Quesada, Eunice W. Kagucia, Meagan E. Peterson, Daniel R. Feikin, Adam L. Cohen, Marissa K. Hetrich, Yangyupei Yang, Jenna N. Sinkevitch, Krow Ampofo, Laurie Aukes, Sabrina Bacci, Godfrey Bigogo, Maria-Cristina C. Brandileone, Michael G. Bruce, Romina Camilli, Jesús Castilla, Guanhao Chan, Grettel Chanto Chacón, Pilar Ciruela, Heather Cook, Mary Corcoran, Ron Dagan, Kostas Danis, Sara de Miguel, Philippe De Wals, Stefanie Desmet, Yvonne Galloway, Theano Georgakopoulou, Laura L. Hammitt, Markus Hilty, Pak-Leung Ho, Sanjay Jayasinghe, James D. Kellner, Jackie Kleynhans, Mirjam J. Knol, Jana Kozakova, Karl Gústaf Kristinsson, Shamez N. Ladhani, Claudia S. Lara, Maria Eugenia León, Tiia Lepp, Grant A. Mackenzie, Lucia Mad’arová, Allison McGeer, Tuya Mungun, Jason M. Mwenda, J. Pekka Nuorti, Néhémie Nzoyikorera, Kazunori Oishi, Lucia Helena De Oliveira, Metka Paragi, Tamara Pilishvili, Rodrigo Puentes, Eric Rafai, Samir K. Saha, Larisa Savrasova, Camelia Savulescu, J. Anthony Scott, Kevin J. Scott, Fatima Serhan, Lena Petrova Setchanova, Nadja Sinkovec Zorko, Anna Skoczyńska, Todd D. Swarthout, Palle Valentiner-Branth, Mark van der Linden, Didrik F. Vestrheim, Anne von Gottberg, Inci Yildirim, Kyla Hayford, the PSERENADE Team

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Prostration and the prognosis of death in African children with severe malaria by Selidji T. Agnandji, Mario Recker, Benjamin Mordmüller, Stephan Glöckner, Akim A. Adegnika, Bertrand Lell, Lucas Otieno, Walter Otieno, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Kwaku P. Asante, Tsiri Agbenyega, Daniel Ansong, Eusebio Macete, Pedro Aide, Hermann Sorgho, Halidou Tinto, Neema Mturi, John P.A. Lusingu, Samwel Gesase, Irving Hoffman, Nahya Salim Masoud, Charles R. Newton, Kalifa Bojang, Gérard Krause, Peter Gottfried Kremsner

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