Endearing epistles from a Dutch Colonial Governor to a Malay ruler and a Malay ruler to a Dutch Colonial Governor: a comparison by Musa, Hashim, Abdul Aziz, Adi Yasran, Che Rodi, Rozita, Noor Muhammad, Salmah Jan

“…These were in complete contrast to the Malay rulers’ letter writing style of a simple mention of the status of the ruler and the using of intricate illumination. …”
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Perak disturbances 1871-75: British colonialism, the Chinese secret societies and the Malay rulers by Azmi Arifin

“…Up until now, historians tend to suggest that the ‘Malay feudalism’, i.e. the political disputes and the power struggle among the Malay rulers; were the main factors that prompted the Perak 1871-75 mayhem. …”
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An endearing epistle from a dutch colonial governor to a Malay ruler in His Dominion by Che Rodi, Rozita, Noor Muhammad, Salmah Jan

“…One feature that is in complete contrast with the etiquette of Malay rulers’ letter writing was the conspicuous introduction in the opening line of the Governor-General’s letter, of the status of the sender with grandeurs mentions of one’s honor and awards, and also the use of plain paper without illumination by the Dutch Governor-General which contrasted to the Malay rulers’ letter writing style of using intricate illumination. …”

The code of conduct (adab) for rulers in two Malay masterpieces by Hamdan, Rahimah, Ibrahim, Siti Nor Harmiza

“…The Taj Us Salatin (Mahkota Raja-Raja), a well-known literary work on constitutionalism written by Bukhari Al-Jauhari, was used by the Malay rulers as a guidebook on governance, starting from the time of Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah in Acheh in the 17th century until the time of Sultan Hussein Syah of the Johore-Singapore Sultanate in the 19th century. …”
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The diversity of recreational knowledge in Sulalatus Salatin: reflection of intellectuality of Melaka sultanate by Jasni, Khairul Zainie, Noor Muhammad, Salmah Jan

“…The results of this study are also expected to benefit the community to know the leisure activities carried out by Melaka Malay rulers in the text of Sulalatus Salatin.…”
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Watanic jurisprudence: Governing principles in legislative powers under the federal constitution by Wan Ahmad Fauzi, Wan Husain

“…Before 1948, all legislative powers were vested in Malay rulers in their respective states. The Malay Rulers were the makers of the Federal Constitution through a constitutional development process, even though many parties drafted it. …”
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Kedudukan dan peranan raja-raja dalam pentadbiran agama Islam by Mohd Kamal, Mohd Hisham

“…This work discusses the position and the role of Malay Rulers as Heads of the religion of Islam in their respective States in the administration of Islam.…”
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Insights: the interpretation of Islam within the legal framework of the indigenous Malaya by Wan Ahmad Fauzi, Wan Husain

“…At present, Islam is popularly defined by the Court's decision in Che Omar Che Soh vs Public Prosecutor, where the sovereignty of the Malay Rulers was made as a parameter in interpreting Islam within the context of Article 3 of the Federal Constitution. …”
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Insight: The interpretation of Islam within the legal framework of the Indigenous Malaya by Wan Ahmad Fauzi, Wan Husain

“…At present, Islam is popularly defined by the Court's decision in Che Omar Che Soh vs Public Prosecutor, where the sovereignty of the Malay Rulers was made as a parameter in interpreting Islam within the context of Article 3 of the Federal Constitution. …”
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Customs (adab) of governance as depicted in traditional Malay literature by Hamdan, Rahimah, Sujud, Arba’ie

“…This paper is aimed at describing the customs (adab) pertaining to the Malay rulers as enshrined in the book (kitab), Tajus Salatin (The Crown of Kings), and to compare it with the behaviour of the first ruler of Singapore in the Malay poem (syair), Syair Tenku Perabu. …”
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Communitising the Constitution enriches public understanding by Mimi Rabita, Abdul Wahit

“…Pekan, 9 September 2020 - Communitising the Constitution can give the perception to the public and young people about what is contained in the Federal Constitution of Malaysia and how we can preserve the identity of heritage such as the position of the Malay Rulers, the special position of the Malays, the religion of Islam, customs and Islamic law, language and others in the future.…”
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THE NEW AGE OF THE KINGS : MODERN MONARCHIES IN MALAYSIA AND THE WORLD / by Paridah Abd. Samad, 1952-, author 222101

“…However, with the emergence of educated and dynamic members of the royal family, the modern role for thr Malay rulers beyond the passive and formal constitutional head of state is being re-defined. …”

The 1993 Constitutional Amendment: a procedural ultra vires? / Muhammad Amir Sharipuddin … [et al.] by Sharipuddin, Muhammad Amir, Abd Rahman, Mohamad Lokman Hakim, Mostafa, Mohd Farouq, Takayudin, Mohammad Mohsen

“…This paper studies the legality of the 1993 Constitutional Amendment which effectively ended the Malay Rulers immunity from any legal proceedings and the corresponding questions regarding the proper procedures for amending a constitutional provision that needed the consent of the Conference of Rulers. …”
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Abu Bakar and the Conspiracy to Revive the Ancient Empire: Searching for Legitimacy in Johor-Pahang Relations by A Rahman Tang Abdullah

“…It argues that his ultimate aim was to consolidate his position in Johor’s territory and obtain recognition from other Malay rulers. This is because the existing view claims that Abu Bakar had the ambition to restore the ancient empire of Johor-Riau-Lingga under his hegemony. …”
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Bingkisan hadiah pencetus keberlangsungan hubungan diplomatik pada zaman Kesultanan Melayu by Noor Muhammad, Salmah Jan

“…It is the practice used by a Malay government, as an ‘antidote’ to impress the Malay rulers who represent other Malay governments or other Western governments, as a ‘recepient’ government to receive and maintain those relationships. …”
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How to Know about diplomatic communication in letter-writing of Malay Sultanate? by Muhammad, S. J. N, Rahman, N. S. A

“…It is to note that Malay rulers have been using this form of communication in most of their official government affairs. …”

REASSESSING THE ROLES OF THE YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG AND THE RULERS IN THE MAKING OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES by Ahmad Nasyran Azrae

“…By definition, the executive includes the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, which is elected among the Malay Rulers by the Conference of Rulers. This paper reassesses the roles and functions of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and the Rulers in the making of international treaties. …”
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International law and the legal history of Malaysia: an analysis of the sovereign status of the Malay states in the colonial era by Ahamat, Haniff

“…This paper finds that there was no total loss of sovereignty by the Malay States as the Malay Rulers were recognized as sovereign in the British courts of law and they maintained exclusive control over Islam and the Malay custom. …”
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Revisiting the life and thought of Dr.Burhanuddin al-Helmy by Suzy Aziziyana Saili, Khairulnizam Mat Karim

“…He stressed on Malay nationalism; he envision it as a nationalism for independence,humanity and well being; the idea of Greater Malaya; a unification with Indonesia in which he sees it as a political unification for all Malays in the Malay world, and; the influence of Malay rulers; which he is kind of sceptic towards the Malay sultan whom he viewed as jeopardizing the interests of the people.…”
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REASSESSING THE ROLES OF THE YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG AND THE RULERS IN THE MAKING OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES by Ahmad Nasyran Azrae

“…By definition, the executive includes the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, which is elected among the Malay Rulers by the Conference of Rulers. This paper reassesses the roles and functions of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and the Rulers in the making of international treaties. …”
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